Ndiani achavaka bhulogi paCherch Strait? Kuvakwa kwamabhiriji. Icho chinangwa chebhiriji kune imwe nzvimbo yeKerch

Musoro wekuvakira bhiriji kune Kerch Strait yava kunyanya kukosha mushure mekuvhiringidza kwezviitiko zvezvematongerwe enyika zvehafu yekutanga ye2014 muUkraine, izvo zvakaita kuti kudzoka kweCrimea kuRussian Federation.

Kubva munhoroondo yemubvunzo

Icho chikonzero chekuda uye kudikanwa kwekubatanidza mabhanki maviri edambudziko rine bridge guru ravepo kubva kare kare. Inoratidzwa mune mamwe magwaro ezvinyorwa. Asi kuvakwa kwebhiriji paKerch Strait kwagara kuchigadziriswa kune ramangwana risina chokwadi nekuda kwehutano hwekugadzirisa uye mari inoshandiswa pakuita basa rakadaro. Kunyatsotaura, kudiwa kwakakurumidza kwaro kwakamuka chete panguva ino. Makore ose apfuura nevanofambisa vanhu uye motokari ngarava yeKerch yaifamba yakanyatsogutsa. Yakange ichishanda zvakanaka kubva munaSeptember 1954 kusvikira nhasi. Uye makore gumi izvi zvisati zvaitika, bhiriji renguva duku raiyambuka rakatarisana neganda rakagadzirwa. Zvaive zvakakosha zvikuru pakuita mauto ehondo. Yakavakwa munguva yehondo nekugadzira zvivako zveSoviet Army kubva pane zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa nevaGermany vanopinda. Kuvakwa kwebhiriji yeKerch kwakavimbisa zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando yezvakagadzirirwa zvikuru muNorth Caucasus.

Mushure mokudzoka kweCrimea

Mune nguva yeSoviet yenhoroondo yeCrimea, kubuda kukuru kwekutakura uye vatasviki kuenda kunzvimbo yakatengeswa nechitima kuburikidza nePerekop Isthmus. Ngarava iri kuyambuka nechekare Kerch Strait yaiva yepamusoro. Mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvikuru mushure mokudzoka kweCrimea kuenda kuRussia. Nyaya yekudikanwa kwekuvakira bhiriji pamusoro pebhiriji yakabva kubva pachigamba chekukurukurirana kusvika pakugadzirisa. Mubvunzo usingadzivisiki wakamuka pamusoro pokuti ndiani achavaka bhulogi parutivi rweKerch Strait. Icho chivako chakasiyana neRussia muhutano hwehutano hwakakosha. Uye zvakakosha kuzvivakira nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, nekudaro nenzira yakakodzera. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvematongerwe ezvematongerwe enyika muUkraine, bhulogi raipfuura nepakati pedenga rakagadziriswa kukosha kwehupenyu hwehupfumi hwepeninsula. Pfuma yeCrimea inonyanya kushandiswa pamusangano wevashanyi. Uye nzira yemararamiro avo, yakabatana nekupfuura nomunharaunda yeUkraine, yakazova mubvunzo mukuru.

Pakati peCrimea neCaucasus

Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti purojekiti yebhiriji iri pasi pe Kerch Strait ndiyo yekutanga pakureba munhoroondo yebridge rekuvaka kwepasi rose. Pasi pose unogona kuwana zvakanyanya zvakaoma nekuwedzera zvivako zveunyanzvi. Asi nezvose izvi, hazvikwanisi kuonekwa kune rimwe bhiriji rinokwira pazvinhu zvose. Kerch Strait haisi nzvimbo yakajeka, zvose geologically uye hydrologically. Nharaunda shoma pakati pemiganhu inenge makiromita matanhatu. Pakusarudza shanduro yekugadzirwa kweunjiniya, vashanduri vanofanira kufungidzira dambudziko rekushungurudzika kwenharaunda yese, iyo yakaoma ice inenge iri mumatope, masimba egungwa ane simba uye kazhinji mhepo inonzi squall. Mhepo inotyisa yemhepo inofananidzwa mumamiriro ekupedzisira kwechikamu ichi cheharaunda. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuita kuti nzira dzisingabvumirwi dzemidziyo pamwe chete nemugwagwa wechipfuva kubva kuGungwa Dzvuku kuenda kuAzov uye pamwe chete.

Ongororo Yokusarudza

Kubva pakati peJune, 2014, hazvisi kuzivikanwa chete kuti ndiani achavaka bhiriji iri pasi pe Kerch Strait, asi hapana sarudzo yakagadziriswa yehuwandu hweprojekti iyo kontrakta inofanira kuita. Iko kune zvingasara zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasere. Chinonyanya kukosha chidimbu chekushandiswa kwepurojekiti ndechekubatanidzwa mune imwe shanduro yakarongwa yemigwagwa uye mabhiriji ezvitima. Wakavimbiswa kune yose nzira yepamberi-strait nzira inokurukurwa kune mbiri. Vanogona kunge vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akasarudzwa se "kumusoro" uye "kumaodzanyemba". Zvechokwadi, mapurojekiti anoongororwa kwete chete nemagariro emagetsi, asiwo neanotarisirwa mari yekushandiswa kwavo.

Achishandisa Zhukovka kubva Kerch

Nzira yekuchamhembe inosanganisira kuvaka kwebhuroji kubva kumusha weZhukovka kunotungamirirwa nemucheka Chushka, uko Gungwa reKavkaz riripo . Pakutanga kuona, sarudzo iyi yakanakisisa, sezvo nzvimbo iri pakati pebhandi munzvimbo ino ye strait isingakoshi. Icho chiri pasi pemakiromita matanhatu. Asi kuvakwa kwamabhiriji, netsanangudzo, kunosanganisira kugadzirisa nzira dzekukurukurirana. Uye nzira iyi haigoni kunzi yakanakisisa, inotungamirira kwete kumhenderekedzo yeKrasnodar Territory, asi kune yakareba uye yakareba kupfira Chushka, yakaparadzana kubva kumativi makuru nechokuita kure. Kuti urongwa uhwu huve hwakarurama, huchave hunodiwa kuvaka kwenguva refu kusvika kune bhiriji kubva kumhenderekedzo yeCaucasus uye kusimbisa musina kunyatsogadzikana mutsara weChushka spit.

Kuburikidza neTuzla

Iri zita renzvimbo rakasvika kuzivikanwa kuvanhu vose kubva mune zvenhau. Anenge makore gumi akapfuura vakaudza vanhu pamusoro pehondo yeRussia-yechiKukraine nekuda kweizvi, chidimbu chevhu chakanga chakashambidzwa nemakungwa egungwa. Nhasi, Tuzla kupfira zvakare zvakare pakati pekucherechedza kwevanhu senzvimbo yakavimbiswa kune avo vanovaka bhiriji paKerch Strait. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvesayenzi uye avo vanoita sarudzo vanomiririra, vanowanzoisa pakutanga kune shanduro yekumaodzanyemba yenzira. Uye izvi zvisinei nekuti iyo nguva yakareba yebhiriji munzvimbo ino inenge gumi nemakiromita. Zvechokwadi, pamugwagwa uyu zvakakosha kuvaka mabhiriji maviri - Tuzla kupfira ikozvino chiri chitsuwa, uye kusvika kune iyo kubva kuTanan peninsula, zvinokosha kuvaka bhiriji, zvichienderana nekugadzirisa uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kwete pasi peiyo huru. Ichange ichida basa rakakura reumhandisi kusimbisa chiwi cheTuzla. Asi kunyange kunyatsofunga matambudziko ose emagetsi, shanduro yekumaodzanyemba yenzira yacho haisi yepamusoro yebhadhadha mari.

Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa

Zvose zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveunyanzvi zvevashanduri zvakaderedzwa kusvika zvakasanganiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka kwekushandura pane imwe yemigwagwa miviri yakasarudzwa. Vamwe vavo vanopa bhiriji, vachienda mumugwagwa uri kure nehafu. Vamwe vanopa nzira yekugadzirira chete kwechikamu chezvitima chebhiriji. Asi izvi zvose zvinodhura zvakanyanya kudarika zvakatarwa mari. Uye isingagamuchirwi nehutano hwemamiriro ezvinhu - kuchena kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunokonzera kutyisidzira kuhupenyu hwevanhu vanogona kunge vari mumugwagwa panguva yekudengenyeka. Nokudaro, maererano nekubatanidzwa kwemamiriro ehutano uye ehupfumi, bhurhu rakagadzikana nechepamusoro peKerch Strait haingasanganisi chikamu chemugodhi, pasinei nekutenderwa kwechigumo chekupedzisira kwebhiriji rinotsika nzira.

Nezveani achavaka bhulogi kumativi eKer Strait

Chisarudzo chekonikiti yeprojekiti yegandiose yegandisi haina kumboitwa. Hazvina maturo kutaura, hapana kushayikwa kwevanhu vanoda kutora chikamu mukusimudzirwa kwebhajimenti? Mutengo webhiriji iri paKerch Strait inogona kuongororwa chete. Nhamba yepamusoro inonzi chiremera che 350 bhiriyoni rubles inotangira. Zvose zviri zviviri pasi rose neRussia mukuvaka kwekukosha kwekutakura hurumende inoratidza kuti pakugadzirisa basa racho, zvirongwa zvebhajeti zvinowanzogadziriswa kumusoro. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti, pasinei nekuti chikoro chekuRussia chechivakwa chechivakwa chine ruzivo rwakakura pakugadzirisa nekuvaka zvivakwa zvakaoma bridge, hapana sarudzo yakadaro yakambosangana neprojekiti kubva pachiyero chakadaro. Bhiriji re Kerch rinopfuura kaviri kupfuura bhiriji rakakurumbira reMutungamiri wehurumende pamusoro peVolga muUlyanovsk, iyo yakareba mamita makiromita 700 mamita. Uye nguva yekusimudza kwayo yakasimba. Parizvino, chimiro chakanaka chakasikwa mukati megadziriro yekambani yehurumende "Russian Highways". Inoshanda sekuvaka musikana. Kambani Giprotransmost OJSC yakashamiswa mukundi wekukwikwidza kweenjiniya yekuongorora uye kusimbiswa kwehutano nehupfumi.

ChiShona

Chiitiko chakakosha muhugadziro nekuvakwa kwezvivako zvekuvaka zvivako zvakagadzirwa neChinese engineering structures. Maererano nehuwandu hwemashure emabhiriji nemigwagwa iyo inoshandiswa kushanda gore negore, nyika iyi haina kana yakaenzana munyika. Vachibudisa nhau vakataura nezvekufarira uye kunonzi kubatanidzwa kwechiChinese mukuvakwa kwebhiriji kune Kerch Strait. Chiito chekukwezva vavaki veMambo Wekudenga chakabva kumativi eRussia. Nhamba yekubatanidzwa kwevaChinese mune purojekiti haisati yasarudzwa.

Mitemo yekuvaka

Nokuda kwekushandiswa kwebasa risina kumboitika pamusoro peRussia, makore mana akabvumidzwa. Kuvakwa kwayo kunofanira kutanga mugore ra2014. Bhiriji iri kuyambuka pamusoro peKerch Strait inofanira kushandiswa mushure kwehafu yechipiri ye 2018. Kuteerera mitemo yekuvakwa nekugadzirisa mabasa hakuzoiti kuti kuwedzerwa kukuru kwezvinodhura zveprojekiti. Mukuwedzera kune bhulogi, kumativi ose echeka basa rakawanda rebasa rinotarisirwa kuti rive nemigwagwa inosvika kune iyo uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira inguva yekugadzira. Upfumi hweCrimea hunoenderana nekutumwa panguva ino kwechirongwa ichi. Chengetheni yeKerch yakapedza simba rayo. Avo vanoenda kuCrimea kuti vazorore, zvinotora anenge zuva kuti vamire mumutsara vachimirira kuyambuka. Ichi chiitiko chinonyatsorambidza kutenderera kwevashanyi kusvika kunzvimbo yekunze.