Chii chinovhiringidza kuwira kwebhule uye ndeipi migumisiro yacho yakanaka

Muhupfumi hwemazuva ano hupfumi, mari yezvikwata hazvina kugoverwa nekuchengetedzwa kwegoridhe yematunhu uye, sezvimwe zvinhu, ine mutengo wavo unotsanangurwa mudiviji redhijiti, kureva, mitengo. Kudiwa kwemari imwe neimwe kunoumbwa maererano nemitemo yemisika, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Kana dhora reUnited States, yen yenyika yeJapan kana yeEuro inotarisirwa pakugadzirwa kwemiganhu yepakati, ipapo kudiwa kwavari kuri kukura, sezvinodiwa mutengo.

Kuyera uye kutengesa

Mushure mekudonha kweU.SR, zvinenge zvese zvese zvakabuda mumunda waro wekare wakave nematambudziko emuitiro, kusanganisira dambudziko rezvemari. Kuvimba kwehupfumi hwemukati kune mamiriro ekunze kwakange kwakasimba zvikuru zvokuti pfungwa dzekugadzirisa uye kutengesa kwezvinhu zvingataridzirwa zvakafanana. Pangosvika dhora racho, matengo akanga achikwira zvichienderana, uye zvose, pasinei nenyika yakabva yezvinhu. Mibairo, mutengo wematengo ezvitoro, kukosha kwemaimba nemotokari zvakaratidzwa mu "y. E. ". Saka zvakanyadzisa kunzi mavara ezviputa-maguru eU.S. federal reserve system. Chero kana ruble ichinge iwa zvakare, kupona kwemamiriyoni emhuri muRussia uye dzimwe nyika dzeSoviet dzakatsigira.

Nzira Yokugadzirisa Mechanism

Hurumende mutemo wekushandurwa kwemari inowanikwa maererano neurongwa huri nyore. ICentral Bank inoita mari inopindira, iyo ndiyo, inopindira kupindira mumusika. Inosanganisira kuwedzera kugoverwa kweimwe nyika yezvemari, uye, nokudaro, inokonzera kuderera mumutengo wayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mitumbi yehurumende inoita chisarudzo chekuchengetedza mari yavo pachavo paanoita nemaune. Kuti uchinzwisise chikonzero chekuita kwakadaro kweCentral Bank, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti kuwira kwei ruble kunoreva hupfumi hwenyika.

Zvakanakira kuderedza

Chero kushanduka kwakakomba mumamiriro ezvinhu pakushandiswa kwemari kunokonzera migumisiro yakawanda, zvose zvisingafadzi uye zvakadikanwa chaizvo. Kuwedzerwa kweRussia ruble ikozvino haisi kutungamirira kukuwedzera kwakawanda kwemitengo, inosanganisa chete kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvekutengeserana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana vashandi vekumba vanoshandisa zvikamu zvakatengwa kune dzimwe nyika, kuwedzera kunotungamirira ku kuwedzera kwemari yekugadzira, izvo zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezvakagadzirwa. Asi iyo inoshandiswa-inoshandiswa mapazi ehupfumi inosangana nehupfumi hunobatanidza nekuderedza mumutoro wokukwikwidzana, izvo zvinonyanya kuchinja kukura kwavo. Nokudaro, hurumende dzehurumende, zvichiona kuti kuputsika kweRuble kune humwe mune dzimwe nyika dzenyika, vanoziva "mabheki" ekutsinhana mari kune dzimwe nyika kuti vaite zvido zvekutengeserana kwenyika, asi kwete kuisa mamwe mabasa ekudzivirira kana mari. Zvechokwadi, chiyero chakadaro chinogoneka chete apo inyika yekambani inokwanisa kukwanisa kudiwa kwekugara uye kupinda kune dzimwe nyika. Kuderedza mubhadharo wekutengesa nekuda kwenhanho yekushandura kwakanaka kunobata kukwikwidzana kwezvinhu zvekumba, zvichivaita kuti vabatsirwe mutengo wekutengeserana.

Kuyera

Nokudaro, kuderedza kwechirongwa chemari yenyika kunosanganisira dzakawanda dzakaipa zvinokonzera macroeconomic. Zvisinei, munyika hapana maitiro akadaro, kuwedzera kwaro kunogara kuchidiwa. Zvose zvakanaka mumwero, zvisinei kuti nyika dzose dzichagara dzichikwikwidzana mune imwe iyo mari yavo inodhura, asi izvi pane chimwe chikonzero hazviitiki. Pakati pezvimwe zviratidzo zve macroeconomic, mamiriro ekutsvaga kwekutsvaga haisi kukosha. Kuvhara chivimbo mune mari yechina ndiyo iyo ruble iri kutyisidzira kana ichiitika kakawanda uye isingazivikanwi. Shure kwezvose, mutorwa wekune imwe nyika, uyo akasarudza kuisa mari yake pachedu mune zvehupfumi, anoita izvi maererano nemubatsiro wakapiwa mune mari yaakaisa, uye kana tariro yake isiri yakarurama, ipapo achatora mari yake ndokubva pamba. Iyi mamiriro asingadikanwi, Russia inoda magetsi uye mabasa, uye naizvozvo, ruble inofanira kutsigirwa.

Chii chinovhiringidza kugwa kwebhururo ye vagari uye bhaganisheni

Macroeconomic zviratidzo zvakakosha kunyika, vanovimbisa chokwadi chekuvapo kwayo uye kubudirira kwekushanda kwehurumende. Asi kunze kweivo panewo zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri izvo, kuratidza izvo zvinopisa kugwa kwebhururi kune vagari vemo, kunze kwehupfumi hwematongerwe enyika. Chii chichava chaanoita kune kukura kuri kuwedzera? Zviri nyore kwazvo, haufaniri kuva purofesa wezvoupfumi kunzwisisa kuti unofanirwa kuenda kuhofisi yekutsinhanisa iri pedyo, uye kutenga mari kana euro nokuda kwekuunganidza mari. Kana chiyero chavo chinokura nekukurumidza kudarika kubhengi bhishopu, ipapo zvichaitika. Somugumisiro, pachava nekusiya kubvisa kwemari inogona kushanda kuitira kuti nyika ibatsirwe, uye dzimwe nyika dzisiri dzenyika dzichagara dzisingabatsiri munzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzemisha dzevanhu vedu.

Pasina mubvunzo, kana zvichiitika kudonha kwakakosha mumashandisirwo ekushandura ruble, izvo zvinhu zvose zvinotengeswa kubva kunze kwenyika zvichamuka mumutengo, watinojaira: motokari yemamwe mabhanga, redhiyo, mafoni, mahwendefa, foni dzeserura nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingashandisi upenyu hwemazuva ano husina kubatwa.

Zvisinei, panguva ino hapana zvikonzero zvekutya. Imari yeRussia inzvimbo isina kumboitika yakanaka. Nyika yacho ine goridhe yakakura uye mari yekunze kune imwe nyika, uye hapana chikonzero chekutarisira kushamisa kunowira mumashandisi ekushandura ruble. Zvinotoneka chete mutambo unofungidzirwa "wekuwa".