Ndezvipi zvikonzero mumutauro weRussia? Zvireva mwene nzvimbo, nguva uye rinobva. How kunyora Zvireva mwene

Chii pembedzo anogona kupindura munhu upi mudzidzi, chikamu kutaura, vana vanotanga kudzidza mugiredhi wechipiri, uye ndedzipi pretexts nokudzidza yechikoro hweutungamiri. Zvisinei, mune imwe kurukurirano kuushandisa kubva pakutanga zvirevo, ivo kuti mashoko nomusoro uye paaipa nekuti kubvumira kuvaka ukama mashoko kubva mumwe. Kunyange chokuzvipembedza - chiri chisingaperi chikamu, usina kuita sezvo nhengo mutongo, asi chete kunogona chokuita nevaya zvakanaka vakaumba mashoko ayo kuvapo zvinokosha uye chinokosha. Naizvozvo, kuti zvakanaka kugadza kutaura chete kuziva chii vari zvikonzero, Zvazvinoita kuguma mashoko, ayo chokuita, uye sei kuzvishandisa. Shure zvose, ichi chidimbu shoma anoumba kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro dependencies uye ukama pakati mashoko. Duramazwi tsanangudzo munhu anobatsira vanhu pokumuwanira mutauro Russian anoenda chinhu chakadai: icho chisingaperi chikamu kutaura, inova yepamutemo shoko, formalized nokuzvininipisa nyaya dzokunamata mazita mumwe shoko, achiratidza maonero kuti nyaya pamusoro zviito zvavo.

zvinhu mabasa

Kufanana zvose basa mashoko, Zvireva mwene hadzina kushandiswa pachavo, havana nguva dzose kusonganirana pazita kana zvimwe shoko rakashandiswa sezvo vakadaro kunoita kuti hazviiti kurondedzera chinhu ichi sezvo chikamu kutaura, asi ivo vari pakati zvavo nhamba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvingava chikonzero kuona antonymous uye anoreva zvakafanana noruvara uye vakaroorana, vachibvumira chete zvakakwana kusarudza zvakarurama mubatanidzwa mashoko.

Somuenzaniso: kuchikoro - chikoro; pamberi chidzidzo - mushure chidzidzo; panguva yomunda - bindu - pedo mubindu; nokuda kuregeredza - nokuda hanya.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero

Zvireva mwene All vari rakakamurwa epanyama, spatial, causal uye chipfuro. Vamwe vavo vanogona kushandiswa aine nominative emazita ari, apo vamwe vari kushandiswa nemashoko akasiyana zviitiko. Somuenzaniso:

• shamwari yake, nokuti chikoro - D. N (uyo chii?) .;
• nemhaka shamwari, ndatenda kuchikoro - D. N (ndatenda uyo inoitwa?) .;
• seven o'clock - VP (chii?).
• mupaki - (? chii) P. N ..

Muenzaniso unoratidza kuti rokuti "mu" rinogona kushandiswa mashoko akasiyana zviitiko. Ndivo Zvireva mwene sezvinoitwa, munenge, kubva, pamwe, ne, zviri, pamusoro, pasina, anogona kuva rakaita zvinokosha. In Russian dzinonzi dzisiri rinobva Zvireva mwene.

Kana rokuti aumba kubva akazvimirira nhengo kutaura uye anoshandiswa pamwe chete nomumwe zvazvingava, anonzi rinobva. Somuenzaniso:

- vakakomba imba, chepakutanga chimiro rokuti - dudzirachiito kumativi;

- kweawa, kwokutanga chimiro rokuti - rokuti kushandiswa rokuti "mu";

- uchibatsirwa, chepakuvamba chimiro rokuti - gerund.

STRUCTURAL misiyano

Pamwe ose kusiyana Zvireva mwene Russian riri Aiudzawo nokuda maumbirwo yavo. zvinoti:

• Simple, zvinosanganisira shoko rimwe. Kazhinji, uyu-vaviri-mabhii. Non-rinobva uye vamwe nomukaka Zvireva mwene: pa, mukati, kupinda, pasi, pamusoro.
• Yakaoma kana aiwanzopiwa wokushanda Chokwadi, rudzi nyore Zvireva mwene: nekuti, kubva kuno rumwe.
• Zvinoriumba kuti vari prepositional-nyaya mubatanidzwa: panyaya pamwe, muchidimbu, nekuda, zvichienderana nezvakadaro.

Bits zvine musoro

Sechikonzero inongova unobva chikamu, dzavo tsika, haagoni kuva, asi kungotaura inorondedzera zvivakamutauro ukama pakati emazita, kushandiswa iri oblique zviitiko, uye mune mamwe mashoko. Mune mamwe manzwi, kunobva lexical zvinoreva shoko icho wanamatira, asi chinogona kuparadzira zvakasiyana siyana noruvara Adverbial ukama mashoko kune mumwe.

All tuzvikonzero mutauro wokuRussia vanokamurwa muzvikamu zvakadai:

• Kana spatial Zvireva mwene nzvimbo: mu, panguva, kuti, kubvira muna, pasi, kubva, kumativi pamberi, kumativi, kumativi. Somuenzaniso: vaigara muguta; It anoshanda mufekitari; kumhanya pamba.

• Temporary kana Zvireva mwene nguva: kare, mushure, panguva, pamusoro, kuti, pamwe, asati, panguva. Somuenzaniso: hafu yeawa; basketball mangwanani; famba pamberi yokurara.

• Reason: pedyo, nokuti, kubva zvakaipa chaizvoizvo, akavonga, pane nguva, nokuti, somugumisiro. Somuenzaniso: Chiso chinopenya nyadzi; Iye vhasi racho zvakaipa; chikanganiso hanya.

• Zvireva mwene, chichiratidza chinangwa nokuti, kuti, zviri, uye kune vamwe. Somuenzaniso: kuudza aitamba; Kutaura pachiitiko; kuenda kuzororo.

• Chinhu, kutsanangura uye kunoratidza panyaya chii chinotungamirwa chiito: pamusoro, pamusoro, pamwe, pamusoro, maererano, kune rumwe. Somuenzaniso: kusuwa mwanasikana wake; dzidza pamusoro ratings.

• Zvireva mwene inotaridza nezvaaiita: a, mu, pasina, kuti. Somuenzaniso: kutamba nomufaro; kuseka nomwoyo wose.

Kupatsanura nomukaka Zvireva mwene

Zvichienderana zvikamu rwokutaura, achiumbwa ane chikonzero vari akakamurwa muzvikamu zvakadai. Uyezve, chii vari zvikonzero kwakaitika pamusoro wemigove kutaura, muchikoro zvidzidzo anopiwa yakawanda maawa, uye zvakadaro nenzira yakakodzera, nokuti zvakakosha chaizvo kuziva kuti ukama mhando vanogona kuumba mashoko, uye sei kuzvishandisa mukutaura uye pakunyora.

• Adverbial Zvireva mwene. Aumba kubva adverbs uye kuratidza kakawanda pazuva spatial nezvenyama ukama mashoko mumutsetse. Ava tuzvikonzero sezvo pedo, pachinzvimbo, pamwe, kumativi, shure, kuburikidza, pamusoro, pakati pevamwe.
• Denominative Zvireva mwene. The chimiro yepakutanga - a pazita chero zvazvingava. Kazhinji, izvi kuratidza Adverbial Zvireva mwene uye chinhu ukama: mugumisiro, kufanana, kudivi iri kuenderera kufunga zvinenge pa zvikamu.
• Kutukana Zvireva mwene aumba kubva mhando verbs, gerunds uye kuratidza siyana Adverbial ukama: kubvisa, akavonga, pasinei, pasinei gare gare uye nevamwe.

chiperengo Zvireva mwene

Knowledge pamusoro ndezvipi zvikonzero zviri sezvo zvakakosha sezvo chiperengo yavo. Saka, mumwe mukuru misoro zvezvaidzidziswa chokuita Zvireva mwene, anoita chiperengo. Ushe hwokutanga chaihwo, pamwe vana kudzidza, ndiko: "The Zvireva mwene nemamwe mazwi akanyorwa yoga." To nemazvo kuona kana pamutemo shoko, pakati kumeso uye anoenderana shoko rinogona kuisa mubvunzo kana chinamatidzwa.

Somuenzaniso: pamusoro (Than?) Gungwa kana (Black) Gungwa.

Chesekondari, vana vari kuziviswa kune rinobva pretexts, aumba kubva adverbs. Zvino chinhu chinonyanya kukosha - kuona kana chikamu ichi mutongo dudzirachiito kana kuri sechikonzero. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuona kana pane mutongo mumwe pazita mune imwe oblique mhosva , uye sei inobatana gakava chikamu.

Somuenzaniso: tarisa (dudzirachiito) kana kutarisa pacharo (rokuti).

Pane mutemo: "Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti shoko mumutsetse chinhu chokumupomera pane rumwe rutivi kutaura, inofanira kutsiviwa anofanana chokumupomera. Panyaya iyi, zvinoreva haachinji. " Heino mazita kuchinjaniswa ebetsero Zvireva mwene:

• maonero (nekuti, nokuda chikonzero);
• mhando (kufanana);
• pamusoro (pamusoro, pamusoro);
• kuguma (nokuti chikonzero).

Somuenzaniso: In ekunze akaipa takaenda famba. Nemhaka ekunze akaipa takaenda famba.

manotsi

Separate akanyorwa zvikonzero zvakadai nokuti, panguva, kumarudzi, ari mhedziso, kuitira kudzivisa Chokwadi, kusafanana.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vaviri kana spliced Zvireva mwene, akadai nokuda, kunze, ndizvo pamusoro-order, pamusoro-mberi, vari chete zvakanyorwa hyphen.

Somuenzaniso: From shure kumakore zuva akabuda. Kubva pasi cabinet katsi yakawedzerawo.

Kunewo Zvireva mwene, izvo iwe chete vanofanira kuyeuka chiperengo. Kureva pedo (pasina ari nyoro chiratidzo) uye kuburikidza (ine nyoro chiratidzo).

Kushandiswa Zvireva mwene pamwe nyaya

Zvakakosha kuziva chii vari pretexts kubva nematambudziko, sezvo kazhinji akafanirwa kuti rokuti inogona zvakanaka kuzivikanwa, umo nominative kudya ichi kana shoko, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti zvakarurama chiperengo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pamwe nominative nyaya imwe pazita Zvireva mwene zvisina kushandiswa, zvisina kunanga chete:

• pamwe genitive - pasina, kumativi, kuti, kubva, kubudikidza, mu, pamwe;
• pamwe dative - K, akavonga maererano zvinopesana, zvinopesana, kusangana pa;
• pamwe accusative - kuburikidza, pamusoro Zvisinei, kuburikidza, mu, pamusoro, pasi, pamusoro;
• pamwe ablative - pamusoro, pamberi, pakati, pamusoro, pasi s;
• pamwe prepositional - o, apo, muna, pamusoro.

The tafura anofunga Zvireva mwene nomukaka uye nevasiri Zvireva mwene, izvo nechimwe rinogona kushandiswa chete chete kana kupfuura emazita.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Kutaura zvazviri, kuti udzidze nyaya iyi makore chikoro kwazvo hakusi nyore kudaro, chiperengo mitemo uye paumbwe Zvireva mwene kubva dzimwe kutaura pano vakasvimha. The chikuru dambudziko ndechokuti unofanira kudzidza kusiyanisa kwaro mamwe zvinhu uye kuziva sei kurishandisa nemazvo. Kuti ichi kwete nounyanzvi chete kuvaka shoko mutongo, asi kukwanisa kunyora kwavari pasina dzinovhiringidza harinzwi.