All pamusoro muuzhinji emazita: oblique nyaya, yakananga vanofa, zvishoma kuvazivisa affixes

Wokutanga tsanangudzo esayenzi nyaya (maererano V. A. Uspenskogo) akapa yemasvomhu nezita Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich. Aidavira kuti izvi zvinoda kubatanidzwa kwomuitirowo, syntactic, asi kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zvishandiso kwete chete. Tsanangudzo ano riri sezvinotevera: nyaya - munhu chikamu mashoko anoratidza rayo syntactic basa iri mutongo uye anobatsira kubatana nomumwe mashoko chete chimwe.

Shoko rokuti "mhosva", sezvo mazita kacho, rakashandurirwa kubva muLatin uye nechiGiriki.

Kune mhando huru mbiri nyaya: yakananga uye isina kunanga nzufu nzufu. For zvakananga nyaya anosanganisira nominative uye accusative uye zvisina kunanga - vamwe Mhando ina (genitive, dative, richishanda, prepositional).

The okuti "yakananga" uye kufa "zvisina kunanga" akazviratidza mumutauro wedu maererano nepfungwa ekare pamusoro kuderera sezvo yakatsauka kubva chete kwakarurama chimiro shoko. Fananidzo chaiitirwa pamwe mijenya, apo kuwa kana yakarurama divi (yakananga nzufu), kana kunanga divi (oblique nyaya) neipi roll.

Case wemuTesitamende Russia chinomiririrwa nyaya nhanhatu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane ebetsero mashoko, achivabvumira zvakarurama kuona.

1). Nominative - shoko iri nominative zvinobatana pamwe ebetsero shoko "iri."

2). Genitive - ebetsero shoko "kwete."

3). Dative - ebetsero shoko "kupa."

4). Accusative - webetsero shoko "kupomera".

5). Instrumental - ebetsero shoko "kufara" ( "akasikwa").

6). Prepositional - ebetsero shoko "kufunga (pamusoro)."

Uyewo kuti nyore, tsanangudzo avo mibvunzo nyaya. Direct nyaya dzine mubvunzo iwoyo zviviri: nominative mhinduro dzemibvunzo, "Ndiani? Chii "Uye accusative -" Ndiani? Chii? ". Mibvunzo zvisina kunanga Matambudziko akasiyana. Genitive inopindura mibvunzo, "Ndiani? Chii "dative -" Ndiani? Chii ", richishanda -" What? The "prepositional -" Of ani? About chii? "(" Maari? Chii? ").

Mumutauro Russian pamusoro nyaya siyana uye zvinoodza emazita, adjectives, zvisazitasingwi uye sezviverengo. End mashoko - haisi chinhu asi nzira yokuratidza kuderera.

Direct uye zvisina kunanga nzufu nzufu havasi chete mhando dzenyaya, sezvo vakawanda vanoti. Kune mamwe affixes:

1). Vocative - raiva nyaya rechinomwe mumutauro wokuRussia kusvikira 1918 uye yaishandiswa apo kureva munhu. Mienzaniso vocative nyaya - Katyas, An, Tan, sekuru, docha. Zvino vocative kusvika pamwero unotsiva dative.

2). Quantitatively-anopatsanura kufa - kushandiswa nokuda pazita, zvichiratidza munhu integer noruremekedzo dzimwe nhengo, ukuwo akataurawo. Pachikoro gadziriro, marudzi mashoko quantitative uye kuparadzanisa hunofa kwaenzaniswa pamwe genitive.

3). LOCATIVE nyaya - a prepositional mhosva, pamwe chete yacho. Iye anopindura mibvunzo "Chii? Apo? ". Mienzaniso: kutaura pamusoro petafura, kuti tafura.

4). Ablative - nyaya ine pazita, zvichiratidza nzvimbo kutanga kufamba. Muenzaniso: Ndakapinda kubva musango.

Kunze nematambudziko awa, mira mishomanana: kuverengwa, kwenguva zhdatelny, yemubatanidzwa, uye vamwe. The nhamba chaiyo nyaya kuchiri kuzivikanwa.

Pane dambudziko hwekutsanangura nyaya imwe pazita pa nyaya, kana zviri accusative, prepositional kana vocative.

Nyika dzinosiyana zvavo nyaya mugadziriro, dzimwe nguva zvimwe pamwe Russian morphological, manyorero uye zvimwe zvikonzero. Kunze affixes anoshandiswa zvakadai spatial, possessive, panobva, ari mutungamiriri, lishitelny uye accusative, ablative, dative uye nezvimwewo.

Mumitauro uko kusina matambudziko, vakashandisa vamwe nzira kuratidza basa mashoko mumutsetse (kushandisa Zvireva mwene uye postpositions, humwe hurongwa mashoko ari murugwaro).

Ndinofanira kuziva affixes? Chokwadi, unofanira, nekuti ndosaka vari kudzidza, kunyange chikoro hweutungamiri!