Chii chaita kudiwa kuchinja mandative hurongwa? The chikuru zvazvakashatira kudzora wezvokukurukurirana

Gidheoni chehurumende - yakasiyana nedzimwe chakajairika munhau yeRussia statehood. maitiro Izvi rakavapo pamusoro maviri emakore uye aiva rinokosha kusimbisa wokuRussia statehood. Chii chaita kudiwa kuchinja wegadziriro mandative nei hachisisina kukosha - verenga pazasi.

The kwaita mirairo

Education mandative utariri kwava pakupera rechi15. Kushaikwa Kufambisa pakati zviremera zvomunzvimbo vaisagona kupa kugara neHurumende anotonga uye kure kumatunhu. Masangano iwayo izvo kare raumbwa panguva iyoyo, havana kuva yakajeka mabasa. Pakati dzakapfirirwa uye nguva nenguva ukama pakati akasiyana mundima fiefdoms kwenguva pfupi nguva paiva "varayirwa", zvimwe anonzi "Matare" kana "zvirindo". mabasa avo vakanga vakapfigirwa aurayiwe ane hurongwa mukuru simba. Machinda kazhinji basa imwe kurongeka - "murayiro" - boyars ake ezvidzidzo uye kuongorora. Mashoko okuti "ave kuitira" mumazuva iwayo airevei kuva vatariri zvakananga mirayiridzo yomuchinda uye kuti akuteerere Implementation kwayo.

mabasa zvirevo

Chokwadi kuti mashandiro anoita kwokutanga mirairo vakanga Blurred chaizvo, maererano zvinotevera:

- Movimento siyana mirairo pfupi chiito;

- zvinyorwa kuuya yakanyorerwa vamwe vanhu uye kwete chinhu sangano;

- nzira varayirwa kuuraya inobva vanonzi "pamutemo vanhuwo", saka pakanga pasina zvakajairika zvemitemo hwaro inodiwa wakajeka aurayiwe varayirwa, saka - ungaderedza kubudirira utungamiriri.

Ndicho chikonzero chikuru kuti chii kwakakonzerwa aifanira kuchinja hurongwa mandative.

Zvinorayirwa yokutanga

The masangano wekutanga zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakajeka zvakajeka voruzhinji mabasa akamuka pakati pezana-remakore rechi16. Gidheoni utariri wemuTesitamende Russia panguva pakuguma XV-XVII remakore. Inogona Classified nokuda dzichipfekeka kana matunhu miganhu chikonzero.

kupatsanura pakati mitemo

Muchikwata wokutanga inogona kunzi mirairo, mutariri weimba yamambo, uye mari zvenyika. Izvi kuchikonzerwa Palace kuti waiva nebasa kuramba emari Prince, akatonga nyika uye vanhu vakanga mhosva nechouviri the Prince wacho Palace. Order of Treasury Great aiva mutariri muunganidzwa mitero yakananga uye yakagadzirwa mari, Huntsman akarayira mutariri reserves kunovhima nhandare pamusoro Prince nevamwe.

chikamu wechipiri mutariri rechiuto Kutarisirwa uye kuitira navaranda yomuchinda. Fletcher akasika mirairo, zvombo, Pushkarsky uye mutorwa uye nezvimwe.

Muchikwata mirayiro rechitatu specialized mabasa advantageously nokuda nezvamakatonga. Local Order akanga achiparidza pfuma kumatare, lackeys, Rogue (gare gare - the mutikitivha) aiva mutariri mumajeri uye mutadzi mapurisa nyaya, uye Zemsky muraire mapurisa nezvakatongwa kutarisira pamusoro vanhu Moscow.

The boka chechina - zviremera zvemo. Kuwanda dzematunhu uye miganhu mirairo akakura pamwe nhamba vasiyana nendima Russian. Saka, pane quaternary mirairo - Ryazan, Vladimir, Dmitrov, uye gare gare - Siberian, Little Russian, uye vamwe.

Muchikwata wechishanu anosanganisa chaidzo chidhiraivho. Somuenzaniso, paiva murayiro Stone, uyo akaita kuti pavakwe zvivako ibwe, Yamskaya, anokonzera chitambi. Sezvo pakanga zvirevo typographic nguva, wezvinonhuhwira, Ambassadors nevamwe.

The wechitanhatu Boka mirairo aitarisira muchechi munyaya. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira yemamongi murayiro, kuti Patriarchal dare uye vamwe.

Ukama pakati akasiyana mirairo dzakaumbwa nomuzvarirwo, mumwe mugove pachena mabasa asina kumboitwa kunze. Vamwe mirairo vasingagoni kupa nzira kune vamwe. Kugadzirisa ukama aya inoumbwa tichibatanidza varayirwa, izvo zvinogona rakakamurwa varayirwa huru dzakawanda uye kuti mubayiro. Saka Ambassadorial kuitira kuti 70s ramakore rechi17 vakatanga vanotungamirira Little Russian uye Novgorod. Kugumiswa masimba ndarayira haana wokupedzisira - mukufamba kwenguva aigona unoberekwazve sezvo yakazvimirira sangano ane chaicho vanochengeta mitambo.

mari kuti mitemo

Gidheoni utariri hurongwa nemari zvikurukuru zvakavhiringika. Nokuti ano mabhizimisi mari akatorwa kubva imwe nharaunda, izvo vakaunganidza mitero nomumwe nyaya inogona haachatauri mari nezvimwe zvirevo, kana kuti kusika mitero inokosha. Mutemo mari Rwako akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze mirairo yakadai akarayira kuti chezvipo, muunganidzwa kuti kutsvaka mari uye zvichingodaro. Chimwe mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii chakaita kudiwa kuchinja mandative hurongwa anova hwakanyanya kuvhiringidzika mari Rwako uye zvinopikisana pakati siyana mirairo.

Petro kuchinja

Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru Gidheoni utariri wemuTesitamende Russia vakatanga kushanda "pasi pake", vachirayira zvakawanda zviwanikwa, uye zvose nezvishoma rova. The kuchinja Peter I chakatsiva yechinyakare mirairo mapuranga kuti aratidze pachena features, mutsauko wakajeka pakati zvemitemo, Executive nezvakatongwa simba. Zvose kwakonzerwa kudiwa kuchinja mandative hurongwa angadai vaenda kare, pamwe pakatanga itsva siyana management, uyo akauya Russia pamwe kuuya nesimba mambo-muvandudzi.