NATO akawedzera: matanho uye mamiriro

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) munzira pakukura kwave kuchiita mumatanho wandei kuwedzera uye akadzokorora kuchinja pfungwa basa. Dambudziko iri rikwanise NATO kuwedzera kuRussia muna kutamira musangano kuMabvazuva, pamiganhu reRussia.

Zvaiitika kuti NATO

A kudiwa akasiyana chokubatana mhando akaonekwa matongo akare nyika pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Post-hondo rokuvakazve, rubatsiro kune nyika dzakawirwa nedambudziko iri, kuvandudza zvakanaka nhengo-inotaura mubatanidzwa, pamwe, rugare nokuchengeteka - izvi zvose rava kukonzera activation kuti kusangana pezvakaitwa mu Europe.

UN hurukuro vakanga delineated muna 1945, Western European Union akanga aizotangira kuna EU ano, Council of Europe - vezera sezvo NATO - rakaumbwa muna 1949. Pfungwa kubatanidza Europe yakanga iri mhepo sezvo 20-ies ose XX remakore, asi kusvikira pamugumo hombe-pamwero hondo, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kusika chibvumirano . Uye vokutanga kuedza panguva kusangana zvakare usina kunyanya kubudirira: sangano, akasika mukuvamba Hondo Yapera, vaiva zvikurukuru ichiparara uye pfupi.

The kutanga akajekerwa North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization kana Atlantic Alliance) yakavambwa muna 1949. The chikuru mabasa kweuto-enyika pamwe akanzi kuchengetedzwa yorugare, kubatsira nyika dzakawirwa nedambudziko iri uye kukura pamwe. vavariro dzisina kunaka kuti NATO - pavanotaurirana of Soviet pesvedzero muEurope.

The rokutanga NATO nhengo dziri 12 inoti. To musi, NATO chinobatanidza nyika 28. Masangano Military vari kupedza 70% of yose bhajeti.

Global NATO chirongwa: tezisno nezvechinangwa vemauto kwomubatanidzwa

Chinangwa chikuru avata pasi gwaro akataura North Atlantic Treaty Organization, ndiye kuchengetedzwa uye dzigadziridzwe runyararo nokuchengeteka muEurope uye dzimwe nyika - nhengo Union (the United States uye Canada). Pakutanga chikwata rakaumbwa kudzora zvinoitwa Soviet Union, muna 2015, NATO yasvika munhu dzakachinja pfungwa - huru kutyisidzira zvino vaitirei kurwiswa zvinobvira Russian.

The zvenguva Danho (mavambo XXI remakore) anopa pakatanga dambudziko Kutarisira, EU nedumbu. Global NATO chirongwa "Active Engagement, Modern Kuzvidzivirira" ipapo akazova chikuru nhumbi sangano iri dzakawanda munhandare. Pari, kuchengeteka anodzokororwa ainyanya nokuda placement emauto zvivako pamusoro munharaunda Member States uye kuvapo NATO uto contingent.

The chikuru zvokukura kuwedzera reuto kwomubatanidzwa

Kuwedzera NATO zvishoma kuchengeta mumatanho dzakawanda. mafungu nhatu dzokutanga kwakaitika Soviet Union kunyange vasati yakaparara muna 1952, 1955 uye 1982 Humwe kuwedzera NATO akanga dzinoratidzwa kumbonyanya zvechisimba zviito pamusoro Russian uye kukwidziridzwa kuEastern Europe. Kudeuka kuwedzera kwakaitika muna 2004, panguva vaida kubatana NATO dziri sere inotaura. izvi zvose kunyika Eastern Europe, muBalkans, uye kunyange eCaucasus.

Zvikonzero pakuwedzera NATO dziri pachena. North Atlantic Treaty Organization kunosvika nawo uye kunosimbisa kuvapo kuEastern Europe nechinangwa kudzivisa zvekufungidzira Russian kurwisa.

The sefungu akawedzera rokutanga: Girisi uye Turkey

Wokutanga NATO Kuwedzera rakabatanidza mukati North Atlantic Treaty Organization Greece uye Turkey. Kuwanda Nhengo reuto kokutanga vakawedzerwa February 1952. Gare gare, apo Greece (Makore 1974-1980) haana kubatanidzwa NATO nekuda kusvinwa rara Turkey.

West Germany, Spain, uye vakakundikana nhengo Union

Kuwedzera NATO rechipiri uye rechitatu pakataurwa accession pamusoro Germany (kubva pakutanga October 1990 - vakabatana Germany), chaizvo gumi makore kunozivikanwa Victory Parade uye Spain (muna 1982). Gare gare Spain kubva NATO vemauto miviri, asi rucharamba nhengo sangano.

Muna 1954, kuti Alliance aida kubatana North Atlantic Treaty uye Soviet Union, asi USSR akaramba kutarisirwa.

The accession of Visegrad nyika

Wokutanga here kurwadza akarova yaiva yokuwedzera NATO kuMabvazuva muna 1999. Ipapo vakabatana mubatanidzwa matatu mana Visegrad nyika, vakabatana muna 1991, nyika dzinoverengeka kuEastern Europe. Nokuti North Atlantic Treaty akabatana Poland, Hungary, uye Czech Republic.

Most pamwero mukuru kuwedzera: inoenda East

Chechishanu, NATO akawedzera zvaisanganisira ari mubatanidzwa wenyika Eastern uye Northern munyika nomwe European: Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria uye Slovenia. Papera chinguva, US Defence Secretary akati kuti Russia ndiyo "pachikumbaridzo NATO." Izvi kamwe zvakare wakatsamwisa nokusimbaradza pamberi kwomubatanidzwa muna Eastern Europe uye vakabvuma kuchinja sangano iri North America chibvumirano pfungwa iri kudzivirira zvichibvira Russian kurwisa.

Danho wechitanhatu kuwedzera: kutyisidzira yakajeka

Last Danho panguva NATO akawedzera kwakaitika muna 2009. Ipapo NATO Albania uye Croatia, iri muBalkan Peninsula.

Nzira nhengo iri NATO mazita wazvipira

NATO nhengo havagoni kuva chero mamiriro anoda kuva nhengo NATO. The sangano anokwirira zvinoverengeka zvinodiwa zvinogona kuvashanu. Pakati nzira dzakadaro nhengo dzinokosha zvinodiwa wokurera muna 1949:

• nzvimbo yemakambani NATO nhengo Europe;

• ari mvumo nhengo dzose kwemubatanidzwa kupinda hurumende.

последним пунктом уже имелись прецеденты. Pazuva rokupedzisira pfungwa akanga atova neizvi. Greece, somuenzaniso, kuzvirega zvichikanganisa Macedonia kwakaita accession kuna North Atlantic Treaty Organization uri nhandare kuti achiri asina kugadziriswa kukonana pamusoro zita Macedonia.

Muna 1999, pamazita nokubatira NATO nhengo kwave akawedzera mamwe zvinhu shoma. Zvino, munhu zvinogona nhengo kwemubatanidzwa anofanira:

• kugadzirisa kukakavadzana dzakawanda achishandisa murunyararo;

• Chisarudzo kwemadzinza, Interstate, miganhu uye zvematongerwo nharo maererano OSCE nenheyo;

• kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu uye kwemitemo;

• kuronga kuzvidzora pamusoro muchiuto ane State;

• kana zvakakodzera, kupa pachena ruzivo pamusoro zvoupfumi mamiriro nyika;

• kubatanidzwa NATO mishoni.

Chii unofadza: vamwe zvisiri pasi sungiro, sezviri kusanganisira vasiri zvaidiwa vamwe zvinhu. Achifuratira zvinogona nhengo Alliance nomunhu zvinhu sei chisarudzo chokupedzisira pamusoro kuitwa NATO, asi hakukoshi.

Partnership Program North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The muchiuto chirwirangwe kwakasimbiswa vanoverengeka pamwe zvirongwa kuti zviite kuti kupinda NATO uye dzimwe nyika vanopa yakafarikana jogirafi simba. Huru zvirongwa ndeinotevera:

1. "Partnership Yorugare '. Kusvika panguva yepurogiramu wakapindwa 22 States, pane nenhatu vaimboshanda: 12 vavo vatova nhengo dzizere kwemubatanidzwa, Russia, dzasara aimbova nhengo purogiramu Kudyidzana, vakabuda PfP muna 2008. The chete nhengo EU, izvo haabatanidzwi muna PfP ndiye Cyprus. Accession inoti kupinda NATO chinonditadzisa Turkey, kureva zvisingagadziriswi Kurwisana Turkish uye nechiGiriki mativi Cyprus.

2. Individual Kudyidzana hurongwa. Vechikamu panguva vari sere inotaura.

3. "Fast Nhaurirano". Kunoita pamwe Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine, Georgia.

4. Membership Action Plan. It rakagadzirirwa zvitatu inoti, vaviri vakanga kare "Fast nhaurirano" purogiramu vechikamu: Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The chirongwa 1999 sorutivi Macedonia.

Wave yechinomwe kuwedzera: ndiani akatevera kubatana NATO?

Kudyidzana chirongwa zvinoratidza iyo nyika ichava chinotevera nhengo kwemubatanidzwa. Zvisinei, mumwe anogona zvachose kuudza nezvenguva kupinda panhengo nhengo North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Somuenzaniso, Macedonia chinhu nokukurumidza Nhaurirano NATO kubva 1999. Asi sezvo kusaina kuti PfP purogiramu kutungamirira kupinda panhengo States nhengo Alliance for Romania, Slovakia uye Slovenia aiva nemakore gumi, Hungary, Poland uye Czech Republic - vanosvika vashanu, Albania - 15.

Kudyidzana Yorugare: NATO uye Russia

NATO akawedzera chabatsira kuwedzera sunga mberi kuita mubatanidzwa. Russian Federation muchirongwa chirongwa "Partnership Norugare", asi zvimwe kusawirirana panyaya NATO kuwedzera kune East, kunyange kana Russia iri pamusoro payo, haana kusarudza. The Russian Federation akamanikidzwa zvokugumisa kwayo kuita chirongwa uye munobuda pamwe kukura kwacho.

Kubvira muna 1996, Russia pokutanga National zvava chaiwo uye yakajeka, asi dambudziko NATO kuwedzera kune East kwazova chakasimba. Zvisinei, kubva Moscow akatanga mberi pfungwa yokuti huru rubatso kuchengeteka muEurope haana ichava rechiuto bloc, uye OSCE - Organization for Security uye Cooperation mu Europe. Chikuva itsva ukama pakati Moscow uye NATO nomutemo yakasimbiswa muna 2002, apo Roma yakanga yakasainwa Declaration "NATO-Russia Relations: A Quality New".

Pasinei pfupi easing kusawirirana, kupikiswa Moscow kwakaita kuti uto mubatanidzwa chete kuwedzerwa. Kusagadzikana of ukama pakati Russia uye NATO arambe apo uto kuvhiyiwa mu Libya (2011) uye Siria.

kunetsana nenyaya

kumabvazuva kuwedzera NATO kuti (pfupi: kwacho anoenderera mberi 1999, apo mubatanidzwa vakabatana Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, uye kusvikira zvino) - ichi chikonzero chakakura kuti kuneta yokuvimbika kwako kuna North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Chokwadi kuti nyaya dzinosimbisa ayo pamberi pedyo nemiganhu Russian iri akabatanidza kubudikidza mubvunzo ariko zvibvumirwano pamusoro asiri yokuwedzera NATO kuMabvazuva.

Panguva kwakadzama pakati USSR uye USA zvakanga zvichipomerwa hauna richikura NATO kuMabvazuva. Maonero pamusoro nyaya iri diverge. President Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev akataura nezvokuziva inopikira vasiri yokuwedzera NATO kumiganhu Russia ano zvokuvataurira nomuromo, vamiririri kwemubatanidzwa nharo kuti hapana vimbiso haana kupiwa.

Munzira dzakawanda, kuti chidzoke pokungosiyana mubvunzo chivimbiso kwete richikura akatsigira nokusanzwisisana kutaura frg gurukota Affairs Foreign muna 1990. Akadana mubatanidzwa kuti mberi kune kumuganhu Soviet Union haachazovipo. Asi kana nevimbiso vakadaro vanoumba vimbiso? gakava iri asina kugadziriswa kusvikira ikozvino. Asi kusimbisa chivimbiso asiri yokuwedzera NATO kuMabvazuva aigona kuva kwehwamanda kadhi iri mumaoko Russia iri dzakawanda munhandare.