KweGungwa reCaspian, nhoroondo yacho uye zvinhu

KweGungwa reCaspian mumwe madhamu kupfuura munyika uye asiri muduku nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema. zviuru zvitanhatu makiromita pamusoro yaro iri munharaunda Russia, vakasiya zviuru makiromita kugoverwa pakati shanu chinoda Asian. The peculiarity kweGungwa reCaspian ndechokuti, pasinei runoshamisa saizi (pamusoro nzvimbo 371 sq. Km), hazvigoni basa zvakazara kugungwa, sezvo hachisi goho chero munyanza. KweGungwa reCaspian udzamu zvinosiyana zvichienderana kwakaita nzvimbo yacho pegungwa. Gobvu mugove kwayo kumaodzanyemba mvura mbiru munzvimbo idzi rinosvika 1025 mamita.

Uye ikozvino zvishoma nhoroondo.

Kokutanga kweGungwa reCaspian rinotaurwa zvakanyorwa nyanzvi yechiGiriki uye Roman yekare. zviuru zviviri zvemakore BC kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva uye nechepakati chikamu ano South Caucasus inogarwa nemadzinza Caspians, kubva izvo, chokwadi, uye akapa zita raro kusvikira kugungwa-gungwa. Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC. e. dzakapoteredza nyika yakanga dzakazungunuka nehondo dzakawanda dzedzinza, zvakazoita kweGungwa reCaspian vave vasiyiwa dzose nharaunda yavo chete egungwa. Zvakanga panguva iyoyo rainzi reCaspian. Nhoroondo yekare vanhu kusvika pakuguma kweGungwa reCaspian nemhenderekedzo amarudzi Caucasian muAlbania 2nd remakore BC Nhasi, ari ekare anenge haana kurarama chero mashoko zvakaoma. Zvishoma Papera, pamhenderekedzo mugungwa kuchamhembe, gungwa yaigarwa anongofamba avanhu, kunyanya Hazaras, kurwa nemachinda Russian. guta ravo chikuru Itil yaiva pamuromo Volga River. Not yokupedzisira basa rakanga reDare kweGungwa reCaspian ari vatorwa zveupfumi uye zvokutengeserana mitemo Ancient Rus. Nawo akamhanya rinokosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana uye migumo kuna Uzbekistan, reBaltic uye Black makungwa. Nokuti vazhinji emakore yebudiriro kwevanhu pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, yava kakawanda yakachinja zita rayo. KweGungwa reCaspian rainzi Khazar, Khvalynsk, Hirkan.

Tsanangudzo yokutanga kweGungwa reCaspian sezvo kure nyanza ose dura anopa mutsamba yake, echiGiriki wenhau Herodotus. Vakararama remakore gare gare, Aristotle akaramba basa musayendisiti, uye chete akasimbisa pfungwa yake. Kudzidza kweGungwa reCaspian chokuita mazita akawanda anozivikanwa masayendisiti uye vafambi vakakurumbira. Kamwe pamusoro Mahombekombe ayo vakashanyira Greek zvomuchadenga Ptolemy, rokuItari Marco Polo, mumwe Russian mukuru nguva Peter Mukuru, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassy.

Uise kweGungwa reCaspian nzvimbo rinyanye nokuda geographers. With ake multi-kiromita urefu (anenge 1 zviuru km) kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro pane zvakawanda okunze. The nechekuchamhembe gungwa kunoratidzwa munhu unozvidzora Continental ekunze. In yechando, pane chinokosha ichidonhedzera tembiricha uye inorema snowfalls. The dzinotaurwa kumaodzanyemba haasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva subtropical kweMediterranean. Summer munharaunda iyi inopisa uye akaoma, chando - nyoro uye munyoro.

The chikuru chinoratidza nemiti uye fauna of kweGungwa reCaspian ndiyo zvakawanda plankton. Panguva yatinenge kunyanya kukurumidza chokuwanziridza kuti algae mvura pamusoro chaiwoiwo Anotumbuka tsvuku-rwegirini. Coastal mvura shoma ichichinja kuita mudenhere rayo chaiye. Beautiful hunhu of reCaspian pamhenderekedzo kunokwezva vashanyi pagore. muGungwa reCaspian zororo iri vaiwanzosarudza nevanhu vanoda kutandara kure zvikuru mumaguta ruzha. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira plesieroorde vari guta Russian Derbent, Makhachkala, Astrakhan, Aktau Kazakh, azeri guru Baku. Vagari Russian vanowanzopedzisira kusarudza yokufaranuka kuCaucasus, izvo rinobatanidza kwete chete kuvhura mahombekombe uye kushambira mugungwa, asi mishonga iri dzakawanda sanatoria, kufamba pamusoro huru dzinonakidza dzakakwirira nharaunda, National Parks uye hunhu hwemunhu.