Mutungamiriri weUzbekistan Islam Karimov

Muna 2016, mutungamiri wekutanga weUzbekistan Islam Karimov akafa. Kwemakore makumi maviri namashanu iye akatonga republic zvisiri izvo, achisimbisa hurumende yakasimba yehurumende. Nokusimbiswa kusati kwamboitika kwechiremera chemasimba emasimba, akaita kuti urongwa uye kugadzikana munyika, asi izvi zvose zvaifambidzana nekudzvinyirirwa kwomunhu oga uye kutonga kwehurumende munzvimbo dzose dzehupenyu hwevanhu vose.

Nguva yeSoviet

Mapapaganda emunharaunda anodana mutungamiri wenyika yekutanga baba vekusununguka, asi kusvika pane imwe nguva akaramba akavimbika zvachose kuU.SR, sezvo aifamba achibva kune imwe injini kune munyori wekutanga weCentral Committee yeCommistist Party yeUzbek SSR.

Mutungamiri weUzbekistan Karimov akaberekerwa kune kure ne1938 muSamarkand. Akanga akadzidziswa kuCentral Asian Polytechnic Institute, mushure mokunge atanga kushanda pachitima cheTashselmash. Zvadaro mubasa rake raiva Aviation Plant yainzi Chkalov, kwaakashanda semhandisi.

Muna 1966, mutungamiri wekutanga akatanga kushanda muHurumende Planning Committee yeRepublic. Pano, Islam Karimov yakatanga kusimudzira basa rayo, kusvika pahofisi yehurumende yezvemari uye mutungamiriri weHurumende Yokugadzirira. Muna 1986 akatumirwa kutungamira nzvimbo yeKashkadarya semunyori wekutanga weCentral Committee yenharaunda yedunhu. Pano akazvisimbisa semunhu wehupomberi hwekunaka uye kuvimbika, izvo zvakanga zvisingabviri muzvinyorwa zvekumabvazuva. Mushure mokunge mutungamiri chaiye weUzbek SSR, Rafik Nishanov kuMoscow, akava munyori wekutanga weCentral Committee yeCommistist Party yeRepublic.

Mutungamiri wekutanga

Islam Islam Karimov haina kuratidza chero sarudzo dzekuparadzanisa dzakashata uye zvakashungurudza vanhu veUzbekistan kuti vachengetedze USSR mune referendum munaMarch 1991. Basa rekushandisa rakashanda zvakanaka, uye vanopfuura 90% vevagari vemo vakaratidza kuvimbika kune hurumende huru.

Zvisinei, mushure meAgasti putsch, mutori wenhau akabatwa akanzwisisa chirevo chezviitiko zvakaitika uye akabva ataura rusununguko rweUzbekistan zvokuti haana kutorwa nevaswikwi vaida mari. MunaDecember 1991, vanhu veUzbekistan vakavhota pamwe chete nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwehurumende kubva kuU.SR, izvo zvisinei, zvakarayira upenyu hurefu.

Kusiyana nenyika dzenyika dzeEastern Europe, simba muCIS rakaramba riri mumaoko emaimbove anonzi ma Communist, avo vakabva vachinja maitiro avo ezvematongerwo enyika pakarepo. Kunyanya kuratidza kwaiva muenzaniso weUzbekistan, uko nhengo dzeComunist Party dzakasimba zvakasimba dzakatamira kune People's Democratic Party yakatungamirirwa naimbova munyori wekutanga Islam Karimov.

Kusarudzwa kweMutungamiri weRepublic of Uzbekistan muna 1991 kwakaitwa pane imwe nzira. Karimov aipikiswa na Muhammad Salih, sachigaro wesangano reErk. 86% yevhoti vakavhota mutungamiriri webasa, uye akatungamirira nyika.

Mubvunzo weIslam

Uzbek Mutungamiri Karimov akawana nhaka yakaoma. Mukurwisana nechekupedzisira kwekumutswa kwechido mune zvechitendero, maIslam, avo vane nzvimbo dzakanyanya kunyanya muFergana Valley, vakazoonekwa zvakanyanya. Kuti arege kurwisana kusununguka, Karimov aifanira kumhanyira kuNamangan ndokutaurirana nevatungamiri vevanhu vakadzama, izvo zvaida kuti munhu ave noushingi hwakasimba.

Nokuda kwezvinangwa, akafanirwa kupikira kuzadzisa zvose zvaiitika zvezvinyorwa zvezvemangwana mumakore anotevera, asi akabva atanga kuvhara kutaura kwakadaro kuburikidza nekunyepedzera vatengesi kunze kwenyika.

Economy uye yeOzbek model

Kuva nedhipatimendi reTashkent Institute of National Economy, Mutungamiri weUzbekistan akazviona semunhu mukuru wezvemari. Akatotanga huwandu hwehupfumi hwenyika yose yehurumende, yezvinyorwa zvishanu zvigaro zvese zvekudzidzira chikoro cheku Uzbek zvinofanira kuchengeta nemoyo. Mutungamiri weUzbekistan akanyora bhuku pamusoro peizvi, rakanyatsodzidza pane zvidzidzo zvevanhu pachikoro nemayunivhesiti.

Kusiyana neYeltsin, Karimov haana kuvhiringidza vanhu vake nehutano hwekutyisa, zvichiita kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kutengesa ukama. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ehupombwe hwakapararira nekusateerera mutemo muRussia neUkraine, vagari ve republic vakatenda kuti vaiva nerombo, uye mutungamiriri weUzbekistan ari kushanda nenzira yakarurama. Zvisinei, pakutanga kwema1992 pakange pane kuparara kwechokwadi mune zvehupfumi, muvakidzani wekuKazakhstan akashamisika mberi, asi izvo zvingave zvakakosha kuUzbekistan hazvina kuratidza kufambira mberi.

Mazuva ano, chinhu chikuru chekutengesa chirikotoni, zvimwe zvekurima zvekurima uye zvisikwa zvepanyika. Zvinouya kusina musoro uye kusuruvara. Nyika yacho, mumwe wevatori gumi vane gasi chaiyo munyika yose, inowedzera kuparadzirwa kwemafuta ehupuru kune vagari varo munguva yechando, kunyanya mumaruwa, nekuda kwekuti nzira dzekushisa dzinoshandiswa dzinoshandiswa - nehuni nemafuta.

Pashure pemhirizhonga, Mutungamiri weUzbekistan akafa musi waAugust 29, 2016. Mariro akaitwa musi waSeptember 3. Mutungamiri waKarimov aimbova mutungamiriri wehurumende Shavkat Miridzoyev.