Mutero nzira

Pfungwa kwemitero uye mari ndiko kuva nechokwadi kuti vari huru manyuko paumbwe hurumende mari mari - zveminda. Ndokusaka nemitero zvine chokuita zvakananga mabasa ose ehurumende uye kuvimba pachiyero kwayo kukura paneimwewo nhoroondo Danho. Uchibatsirwa zvavo zvichiita kuti mubve chikamu National mari uye achiita kuti mamiriro zvinodiwa.

The maitiro kwemitero uye mari nzanga dzemazuva ano chinonyanya kukosha regulator National upfumi, izvo zvinoita kutsiga upenyu zvemari uye basa nechikwereti nzvimbo pamwero wenyika. Literacy mu tinosvika kuna sangano iri mitero ezvinhu munyika kunotema ukuru kunyatsoshanda kuti inoshanda yose upfumi.

The chikuru Misimboti sangano mitero basa masangano uye voruzhinji vari mirawu upfumi, nyore, kururamisira, mekuparadzanisa kwevari bhajeti, kuziva pokushandisa yesayenzi nzira kuziva kukosha mitero.

In tsika, nheyo idzi kushandisa kuburikidza dzokudzidzisa mitero. Under nzira kunzwisisa nzira rokuvaka mitero zvakaenzana mutero chawo. Maererano chokuratidza ichi pane mana makuru nzira mitero: a Proportional, kuenzana, mberi, regressive.

mitero nzira zvinoita basa rinokosha nokuda aanozvisarudzira kwakarurama zvinoenderana yakarurama kuparadzira mutero mutoro panyaya zvose upfumi uye vagari. Kubva izvi kunoenderana chitsama zveminda uye mutoro uri munhu mitero pachishandiswa nezvaanogona zvavo zvemari.

Wakaenzana mitero anovamba ne- mutero kuti yaitarirwa mitero. Mutero unodiwa inoshandiswa yakasimba mari, izvo zvakaenzana kuti wekuongorora uye hakubvi pasi mutero chawo.

nzira dzakadai mitero ndivo kupfuura yekare uye nyore. Ukuwo, ndivo yakakodzera zvikuru, kunyanya pakaita kana pfupi mitero zvavakatemerwa kunze dzose. Somuenzaniso, yokuvhota, iyo vakabhadhara pasi Peter I. nzira iyi hazvirevi kufunga mari nzvimbo uye mari Vanobhadhara, Vanonzvenga saka varombo mutoro yokubhadhara mitero mune hombe imwe saizi. Nhasi nzira iyi anonzi zvemari va neudhadha sezvo hazvina zvinodiwa ari musimboti aizoruramisira.

Proportional mitero nomumwe mitero anoisa wakasimba for zvimwe pauwandu hweavo uye zvikamu zviduku, chisingafaniri kushandura mutero chawo. Nzira idzi zvinoda mutero mutero kuwedzera maererano kuwedzera mutero chawo. Muchiitiko chino, wakatorwa zvizere nyaya musimboti zvakarurama. Nhasi, vakawanda mitero iri Russian Federation dzinobva Proportional nzira.

Progressive mitero inorangarira kukura mutero hwaro dzemaitirwe yomutero kubhadhara. Panyaya iyi, mwero yevateresi zvakananga proportionally chokuita kuti mutero nechigadziko (pamwe kukura mwero wakakwirira kupfuura nechigadziko). Pakusarudza nzira iyi mitero inobva pfungwa dzinonzi adaro mari - mari kuti rinoshandiswa pana yayo kungwara. Iye akaenzana musiyano uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mari uye avo Anopera kusangana shoma (zvinokosha) zvinodiwa. With kuwedzera zvachose zveminda uye zvakawedzera chikamu adaro mari. With Proportional nzira mitero (apo mutero pangoro akaenzana yemari) mitero zvishoma vakapfuma vanozviwana vari kwazvo Vakaomerwa, nekuti kuwanda wakasununguka mari yavanowana idukusa ari mitero nani-kure, apo mugove mutero vanofanira kubhadhara ukuwo - yepamusorosoro. A mberi mitero iyi, dzinovimbisa zvaidiwa nenheyo nokururamisira uye akaenzana.

mitero nzira inosanganisira mumwe - nzira regressive mitero. Nzira iyi ndiyo yoga nzvimbo zvose zviripo. mitero kwakadaro sechinhu rudzi mberi, asi nezvisingafadzi coefficients kunoita. With nzira iyi achitora mutero unodiwa ipfupi pedyo Proportional yakawedzera mutero chawo. nzira iyi iri upfumi ano haawanzopiwi kuwanikwa kwayo yakachena chimiro. MuRussia, nzira iri kushandiswa kutanga munzanga yunifomu mutero.