Engel makakombama rubatsiro nezvoupfumi ano kuongorora nokufamba iri kukosha kudiwa yakavakirwa mari.
Ernst Engel
Ernst Engel ndiye mumiririri rudzi, izvo, maererano nevakawanda, runoonekwa kupfuura akangwarira uye vatevedzere muEurope. Maererano zvidzidzo zvake, aiva Statistician, Economist uye nyanzvi muchidimbu. Unokwezva pamwe sayenzi izvi akwanise kuti kwete chete rakakura pave Statistical nesayenzi, asiwo kuzarura manwiro mapatani zvichienderana mari yemhuri, akapa chikonzero kuvaka Engel makakombama. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Prussian musayendisiti, vachibatirira nzvimbo Director pamusoro Bureau of Statistics muBerlin, aiva vaiita pane theorist. Saka, murayiro uye Engel munyonga akazviratidza empirically, somugumisiro imwe kuongorora refu zviri zvemari asi murombo kushanda mhuri uye vamiririri nemakirasi dzakapfuma. Kunyange zvazvo Ernst haana kushandisa mubasa ravo purogiramu, asi akavaka ano nezvoupfumi Unoshanda pahwaro mutemo wake pakuzivikanwa se "Engel munyonga."
The Mhando zvinhu maererano Engel
Exploring zvichidhura mhuri nedzimwe mari yomuropa, Engel conditionally chakakamurwa zvigadzirwa zvose mumapoka matatu. Wokutanga akatora zvinokosha, kazhinji yakaderera-unhu uye zvakachipa. Pamwe achikura kudiwa izvi zvigadzirwa mari mapopoma, ndiko, vatengi todzitsiva yakawanda unhu. Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira zvinhu nhumbi, kudyiwa iyo haina kushanduka kana yakawedzera pamwe kuwedzera kwemari. Izvi yepamusoro zvigadzirwa, zvose zvinodikanwa kwomuzvarirwo kuvapo, pasinei mhuri zvakanaka. Somuenzaniso, michero uye miriwo, zviyo, mukaka nezvimwewo. The boka kwenhumbi rechitatu, vakagamuchira bumbiro zita umbozha nhumbi, akatora nhumbi, pasina izvo unogona kuita, asi panguva imwe chete vane chinokosha munzanga kukosha, kusimbisa nzvimbo inogarwa nomunhu kana mhuri munzanga. Sezvo vachiti, kusangana hembe ...
The elasticity kuti kudiwa kwakavakirwa mari
Saka, kuziva mari sei kudiwa dzimwe mhando zvinhu uye mabasa ari upfumi ano uchishandisa Engel makakombama. Ndicho elasticity kuti kudiwa imwe chigadzirwa kwemari. Ndiko, tinogona kuona kuti kuchinja kudiwa zvikuru marudzi zvinhu zvichienderana nokuchinja nevatengi mari. Engel munyonga inoratidza yakanaka elasticity kuti kudiwa nokuwedzera variritire zvoumbozha uye kunaka - on yakaderera-unhu nhumbi. Anokudzwa unhu zvinhu zvakafanira kuti hwandaiva upenyu hwemhuri basa, kuti elasticity izvo iduku kwazvo. Uchifunga akataura mitemo, mugadziri wezvinhu zvirongwa chii chigadzirwa unofanira kusika uye iro chidimbu chavagari uyu kangani.
Construction Engel munyonga
Kuti kuvaka Engel munyonga, unofanira kutora chinjikira batanidza akabatana kuti mhuri igare uye mano ayo nevatengi, uye kutwasuka - kukosha uwandu yakatengwa zvinhu. Kana tiri kubata asiri kwakavharwa nenyama pasi mari chinhu, kureva yepamusoro zvinokosha, ipapo munyonga iri zvakanaka sandara. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhamba yemabhuku nenhumbi asingadi kuwedzera zvichienzanirana kwemari kukura. Pashure pezvose, mhuri, zuva nezuva unopedza zvingwa zviviri, Hamungadyi zvakawanda chingwa, kunyange kana izvozvo kuchawedzera yayo zvakanaka. Index kuwedzera shoroma mhuri bhajeti iri muumbozha nhumbi vachakura uye chivimbo zvakakwana. Munyonga substandard zvinhu inokura kuti pamwero, sokuvapo mhuri mari asingadi kusvika pokuti kuchange mukana dzitsive yakaderera-unhu zvinhu dzakasimba. Ipapo munyonga inotanga kunaya. Saka, Engel makakombama vanoratidza yakasiyana yevatengi maitiro panyaya mamwe zvinhu zvichienderana mari ndakawana.
Zvichireva Engel Research
Chokwadi, mutemo Engel ane kunze kwayo, uye haigoni kukodzera zvachose mashoko neipi Mutengi. Kune zvakakwana vapfumi vanosarudza kurarama chaizvo zvine mwero, pasinei mari zvikuru. Asi Engel munyonga inoratidza muenzaniso kukura kudiwa imwe yoga mhando kwenhumbi zvichienderana kunowedzera kana zvinoderedza mari yevatengi sezvo avhareji ukoshi muenzaniso unhu kuti ruzhinji. Kushandiswa kwaro zvinoita kufanotaura kukura sectors siyana hwenyika uye kuchinja kudiwa kuti chinokosha. Panguva iyoyowo, Engel yaiwana nzira yemaitiro kuti anosarudza kuti urombo pamwero mhuri. Kana vanopfuura hafu mari yemhuri bhajeti iri kupedzerwa zvokudya, zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura pamusoro yakaderera chechetere hwake. Uyezve, akakwanisa zvinogutsa kuratidza kuti varombo mhuri, kutarisira zuva chingwa zvokudya, musaparadze mari uye nesimba pamusoro yako kukura pakunamata, izvo zvinoderedza zvikuru mikana yavo muupenyu zvavo.