Chii voltage donhwe

Nokuti munhu ajaira magetsi ari nyore User pamwero (anoziva apo uye sei kuti batidza / kure), vazhinji Electricians mashoko anoshandiswa sokuti kuva maturo yakati. Somuenzaniso, ndiko chete "voltage inodonha" kana "paungano redunhu." Kupi uye chii anowira? Ndiani akaita shumo yazvo pamusoro mashoko? Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoreva zvokunyama kwemasayendisiti, zvakavigwa shure vazhinji mazwi aya, zviri zvikuru nyore kunzwisisa, kunyange chikoro ruzivo wefizikisi.

Kutsanangura chii voltage inodonha, zvinokosha kuyeuka chii voltages zvose vari kutenderera (kureva yose kupatsanura). Pane vaviri chete siyana. First - a voltage nemushonga, riri kubata kune vaiona remudunhu. Rinogonawo kunzi kune yose cheni. Uye yechipiri mhando - ndiwo voltage donhwe. Rinogona kunzi mune rusarura gandiwa uye chero chete maatomu akafanana.

In tsika rinotsvaka sezvinotevera. Somuenzaniso, kana ukawana zvake incandescent girobhu racho, sikuruu akaibayirira anaro, uye tambo pauri kubatanidza mumwe musha rusvingo nzira yokubudisa, ipapo kureva redunhu (simba nerubatsiro - Guides - mutoro) voltage iri 220 volts. Asi kana tinoshandisa voltmeter kuyera kukosha rambi, sezvo vachava pachena kuti zvishoma pane 220. Izvi zvakaitika nekuti paiva voltage donhwe magetsi nemishonga, ine mwenje.

Zvichida hakuna munhu asina kunzwa mutemo Ohm vake. Kazhinji, akashandiswa zvinoita sezvizvi:

I = U / R,

apo R - nemishonga vanoshingaira wedunhu kana chikamu, akayera mu ohms; U - the voltage, mu volts; uye pakupedzisira, I - kuitika mu amperes. Sezvinogona kuoneka, tsika zvose vatatu chokuita zvakananga. Naizvozvo, achiziva chero vaviri vanogona kuva nyore kuverenga rechitatu. Zvechokwadi, mune imwe neimwe nyaya, vachafanira kufungawo rudzi ano (AC kana DC) nevamwe vashomanana Kukodzera unhu, asi hwaro - pamusoro payakavakirwa.

The zvemagetsi simba - iri Chokwadi, kufamba muitisi pakati isakarurama mhosva nezvimedu (maerekitironi). In muenzaniso uyu, mumwe zononoka rambi ane mukuru nemishonga, i.e. anonoke kubvongodzwa maerekitironi. Izvi unobereka inooneka nemwaranzi, asi zvachose simba pamusoro PARTICIPLE okuyerera ipfupi. Sezvinoonekwa kubva yemaitiro, izvozvo shoma kudzikira kuitika uye voltage. Ndokusaka migumisiro nezviyero panguva nzira yokubudisa uye mwenje zvakasiyana. Musiyano uyu ndiye voltage donhwe. ukoshi iyi nguva dzose kufungwa kuti kudzivisa kunyanya rutapudzo ose okunze pakupera redunhu.

The voltage donhwe mhiri resistor kunotsamira yayo womukati nemishonga uye simba ano inoyerera napo. Uyewo kunanga simba tembiricha uye iyezvino maitiro. Kana redunhu pasi kukurukurwa ichisanganisira ammeter, kuti donhwe inogona pakutsvaga vachiwedzera kuitika ukoshi kubudikidza kurwisa chomwenje.

Asi havangagoni kuva saizvozvo chete nokushandisa nyore inonyatsoita, uye rwokuyera mudziyo kuita dzemaitirwe yacho voltage donhwe. Kana newokuti kunofambidzana resistors kuwana tsika kwakaoma. In rakatumbuka ano zvakafanira kufunga mamwe reactive zvinoriumba.

Funga nezvomuenzaniso mbiri dzakafanana-kwakabatana resistors R1 uye R2. R3 anozivikanwa nemishonga waya, uye simba zvitengeswa R0. Uyewo, vakapiwa kukosha EMF - E.

Heino yakafanana davi rimwe chete nhamba. Nokuti izvi, kuti nzira inoshandiswa:

R = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2)

We kuona kurwisa kwemutariri yose nokuda Verengai R4 = R + R3.

Tinotarisira kuitika:

I = E / (R4 + R)

Zvazvinosarira kuziva kukosha voltage donhwe pamusoro vakasarudzwa eremendi:

U = I * R5

Pano, "R5" angava chero chinhu R - kubva 1 kusvika 4, zvichienderana nokuti zvakakodzera kuverenga redunhu maatomu akafanana.