Munyori Glinka MI:. Okugadzira zvinhu uye Biography

Russian Munyori Glinka akasiya chinokosha chiratidzo munyika mimhanzi, raiva shure Russian chikoro nevamwe kuti sezvamunoita. Hwake panzvimbo zhinji: okugadzira zvinhu, kufamba, mufaro uye zvinetso, asi ayo chikuru twa - mumhanzi.

Family uye Childhood

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo hunonyanya wenziyo Glinka muna Smolensk mudunhu May 20, 1804, mumusha Novospassky. baba vake, akanga arega basa mukuru, akanga pfuma zvakakwana kurarama zvakanaka. zimbuya Glinka chaiva Pole pakuberekwa, muna ra1654, apo Smolensk nyika akapfuura Russia, akagamuchira Russian chizvarwa, iye vatendeukira Orthodoxy uye vakatanga kurarama upenyu Russian vomuridzi womunda. Mwana pakarepo akapiwa kutarisirwa ambuya vakarera muzukurukomana wake tsika iyoyo akaramba naye stuffy kamuri, haana kukura mumuviri, zakarmlivala zvihwitsi. All kushanda ichi chakaipa pamusoro utano Michael. Akakura inorwadza, capricious uye mbodza, pachake akazonzi "Mimosa".

Glinka zvinenge nomuzvarirwo vakadzidza kuverenga pashure mupristi akamuratidza tsamba. Kubvira vachiri vaduku akaratidza tarenda mimhanzi, akadzidza nemidziyo emhangura kuti vatevedzere inzwi mabhero uye nziyo kurera vana. Makore matanhatu chete, akadzoka vabereki vake, uye vanotanga kuita kwake Marererwo uye dzidzo. Kwaari kukoka governess, izvo kuwedzera zvavo nyaya akadzidzisa kuti kuridza piyano, uye gare gare akanga achiri kugona violin. Panguva iyi, mukomana anoverenga zvizhinji, anofarira mabhuku pamusoro kufamba, ipapo chido ichi ichichinja rudo kuchinja nzvimbo, iyo vachagara Glinka upenyu. Iyewo anoita zvishoma, asi mumhanzi anotora chikuru nzvimbo mumwoyo make. Mukomana serf mukwaya anodzidza mabasa akawanda nguva, akasangana zviridzwa.

makore kudzidza

Ndakagara mumusha Mikhail Glinka kwenguva refu. Paaiva 13, vabereki vake vakaenda naye ichangobva akazviratidza muSt Petersburg yevanogara chikoro panguva Pedagogical Institute. Dzidza mukomana haana inonakidza chaizvo, sezvo chikamu chikuru purogiramu yaakanga kare pakugona musha. muperekedzi wake raiva yaimbova Decembrist V. K. Kyuhelbeker uye Wandinodzidza - mukoma A. S. Pushkina, uyo Michael kuonana panguva iyoyo, uye gare gare akava noushamwari.

In pansionerskie makore converges pamwe Prince Golitsyn, S. Sobolewski, Rimsky-Korsakov, N. Melgunov. Panguva iyi, zvinonzi yekudyidzana kuwedzera marimba horizons ayo, anoziva dhanzi, kushanyira dzakawanda Concerts, uyewo anobata inonyatsozivikanwa vaimbi nguva - Bem uye Field vake. Iye perfects ake piyano nokutamba unyanzvi uye akagamuchira zvidzidzo ake yokutanga kunyora basa.

Mukurumbira Pianist S. Mayer akashanda Michael ari 20s, kumudzidzisa basa munyori, kodzero yake opus rokutanga, achipa zvinokosha kushanda pamwe kwaya. Hwokupedzisira manheru Glinka hotera aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe Mayer rakabatsira konzati Hummel, achiratidza unyanzvi hwavo pachena. Munyori Mikhail Glinka kudzidza muenzi imba rechipiri chaitwa muna 1822, asi chido chokudzidza ruzivo.

Zvakaitika rokutanga kunyora

Ndapedza kubva muenzi imba, munyori Glinka asina kukurumidza kutsvaka basa, mamiriro ezvemari zvakanaka kubvumira izvozvo kwaari. Baba havana kukurumidza pamwe kusarudza mwanakomana basa nzvimbo yake, asi haana kufunga kuti upenyu hwake hwose achapiwa kuita mumhanzi. Munyori Glinka, mimhanzi iro anova kukosha muupenyu, une mukana kuenda mvura kuCaucasus nokuda rakasungwa utano uye kunze. Haasiyi nziyo zvidzidzo, kudzidza nhaka Western European uye composes vavariro itsva, inova dzose rwomukati kudiwa nayo.

Munguva 20s Glinka akanyora rwiyo akakurumbira "Regai Munondiidzirei kusingadiwi" pamusoro ndima Baratynsky, "Regai ndiimbire, runako yangu, neni" murugwaro Pushkin. Pakuvonekwa uye ake nemabasa paku: Adagio uye Rondo nokuda kwaya, tambo septet.

Upenyu munyika

Muna 1824, munyori M. I. Glinka akapinda basa, kuva mutevedzeri munyori ari Office Communications. Asi basa asina kushandira, uye muna 1828, vakasiya basa. Panguva ino, Glinka anowana vazhinji shamwari, vachitaura Alexander Griboyedov, A. Mickiewicz, A. Delwig, Odoyevsky V., V. Zhukovsky. Iye anopfuurira kuti nziyo, paChikoro marimba manheru kumba Demidova, akanyora zvakawanda nziyo uye kumabasa, vanaamwene Pavlishchev "Lyrical Album", apo mabasa vanyori siyana dzave aunganidzwa, kusanganisira yake.

vatorwa ruzivo

Vatariri aiva chinokosha chaizvo chikamu upenyu Mikhail Glinka. Yokutanga guru mhiri kwemakungwa rwendo anoita pashure kusunungurwa chebhodhin'i imba.

Muna 1830 Glinka akaenda rwendo kwazvo Italy, rakanga rapararira anopfuura makore 4. Chinangwa rwendo kwaiva kurapwa, asi hazvina kuuya yakafanira mugumisiro, uye muimbi haisi kuita kwakakanganisa, nguva dzose kukanganisa mapoka yokurapa, vanachiremba uye kuchinja guta. In Italy, akasangana navo Karl Briullov, pamwe kunoshamisa vanyori nguva: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti. Ashamiswa misangano iyi Glinka akanyora Kamuri mabasa nokuda vatorwa Vanyori pamusoro dingindira. Iye kwave kwose yakanaka nevadzidzisi, kuvandudza chokupika unyanzvi, mumhanzi dzidziso zvidzidzo. Ari kutsvaka simba dingindira yake unyanzvi, uye kuti kwaari kuva funga kumba, anomukurudzira kunyora mabasa zvakakomba. Glinka anosika "Russian Symphony" uye anonyora zvakasiyana pamusoro nziyo Russian, iyo zvino kupinda mamwe mabasa makuru.

Large compositional basa: M. Glinka

Muna 1834, baba Mikhail akafa, iye anogamuchira rusununguko zvemari uye otanga kunyora dhanzi. Kunyange kunze Glinka akaziva kuti basa rake - kunyora muna Russian, raiva riwedzere nokuda kwezvisikwa ane dhanzi yakavakirwa zvinhu yenyika. Panguva iyi rwuripowo mabhuku yeChina St. Petersburg, apo paiva Aksakov, Zhukovsky, Shevyrev Pogodin. Vose vanotaura pamusoro Russian dhanzi akanyorwa Verstovsky muenzaniso uyu anofuridzira Glinka, uye rakundwa sezvo yokunyora nokudhirowa kuti dhanzi pamusoro yokufungidzira kubva Zhukovsky "Marina Grove". The urongwa yaisafanira akaziva, asi kwaiva kutanga basa musi dhanzi "A Life nokuda chevaux" panyaya, pamusana Zhukovsky, kwakavakirwa ngano pamusoro Ivan Susanin. Munyori mukuru Glinka akaburuka munhau mimhanzi yakanyatsoenzana muvambi basa iri. Mairi, akaisa nheyo dhanzi chikoro Russian.

Kuratidzwa kwakaitika musi November 27, 1836, aiva mukuru kubudirira. Uye voruzhinji, uye vatsoropodzi vakatora sezvamunoita zvikuru zvakanaka. Pashure paizvozvo Glinka paanoita basa kondakita Court Chapel, uye akava nyanzvi yokuimba. Kubudirira akafuridzirwa munyori, uye anotanga kushanda musi dhanzi idzva Pushkin kuti nhetembo "Ruslan uye Lyudmila". Aida kuti vanyore libretto Nyanduri, asi rufu rwake kukurumidza kwakatadzisa Kuzadziswa zvirongwa izvi. In basa rake somunhu munyori Glinka chinoratidza munhu akura tarenda uye mukuru unyanzvi. Asi "Ruslan uye Lyudmila" rakazoshandiswa zvikuru muchitonhorera kupfuura kutanga dhanzi. Zviri mwoyo chaizvo Glinka, uye akanga ava kuda kuenda kunze kwenyika zvakare. nhaka Opera Munyori ari muduku, asi aiva mutsindo simba pamusoro kukura chikoro emarudzi sezvamunoita, uye achiri, mabasa awa muenzaniso wakajeka Russian mumhanzi.

Symphonic Music Glinka

Kukura National dingindira zvinoratidzwa symphonic mumhanzi nemunyori. Munyori Glinka anosika vazhinji pakati experimental hunhu kwamabasa, iye kupenga kuwana chimiro itsva. Mune zvaakanyora, gamba redu anoratidza pachake ave kudanana uye melodist. Mabasa Glinka munyori kusimukira Genres mu Russian mumhanzi sezvo chevarwere Genre, lyric uye paakaita mutambo. The zvikuru pamabasa ake ndiwo Overture "Usiku muMadrid" uye "Aragon Jota", symphonic kufungidzira "Kamarinskaya".

Songs uye kumabasa

Portrait of Glinka (waNyanduri) kwaizova kukwana pasina kutaurwa songwriting ake. All ake upenyu akanyora kumabasa uye nziyo kuti ave kusimba dzakakurumbira kare mumazuva ake. All akanyora pamusoro 60 Vocal mabasa, iyo zvikuru chinozikamwa vari: "Ndinoyeuka chaizvo kamwe", "Recognition", "Associated Rwiyo" uye vamwe vazhinji nhasi vari chikamu dzekare repertoire nevaimbi.

zvakavanzika

In toga munyori Glinka haana rombo. Akaroora musikana akanaka, Ivanovoy Mare Petrovne muna 1835, achitarisira kuwana nekuhama mweya uye mwoyo rudo kwaari. Asi nokukurumidza, boka nokusawirirana pakati pomurume nomudzimai. Akanga dutu munzanga upenyu, vachipedza mari yakawanda, saka kuti kunyange mari kubva pfuma uye kubhadhara zvokuridza mabasa Glinka asina. Akamanikidzwa kutora vadzidzi. Kwokupedzisira kwemasikati rinowanikwa apo muna 1840 Glinka anofarirwa Kate Kern, mwanasikana Pushkin kuti neMuse. Iye kudare kuti kurambana panguva ino sokuti mudzimai wake akaroora pakavanda munhu komumanzi Vasilchikova. Asi inonatsa yakanonoka 5 years. Panguva ino, Glinka akaenda kuburikidza nomutambo chaiwo: Kern nepamuviri, waida kuti zvikuru matanho, iye subsidized wake ndeyokubvisa mwana. Zvishoma nezvishoma, ukama sokupenya kwakapera, uye kana kurambana rwaiwanikwa muna 1846, Glinka kumbova chido kuroorwa. Rest hwake yaaipedza rimwe bato muropa ushamwari uye nemitambo ine tigume ake utano kare murombo. February 15, 1857 muBerlin, Glinka akafa. Gare gare, panguva chikumbiro chake hanzvadzi akafa mapfupa akanga zvifambiswe kuRussia uye akavigwa Tikhvin Cemetery muSt Petersburg.