Mikhail Tal - nyika wechesi shasha. Biography

It zvakakwana vachiwirirana ari kufanana nevechiduku shasha: Meso nokutsva, kuregeredza chitarisiko, zvizere pfungwa pamusoro zvinokosha uye kushaya hanya duku zvinhu zvoupenyu. Mikhail Tal akatora chigaro kwenyika pfupi chaizvo nguva, asi ichiri kunzi ari shasha pakati wechesi, muenzaniso wakakwana chemhando pfungwa sezvo mutambo kwakavakirwa sei chido, improvisation, kurudziro, uye yakarongeka shanduro kusarudza. The chikuru budiriro rake munhu waiva kuti akaramba kusvikira pakuguma yekutarisira uye ushamwari kune vamwe, pasinei kutambura nenhamo kuti vaimuperekedza zvose upenyu hwake hupfupi.

Not zvose

Mavambo vaimuperekedza kubva pakuzvarwa - ruoko rworudyi-toed matatu, kuti shamwari jokingly rinonzi uchapupu extraterrestrial mavambo Tal. More anoshanda biographers kuona chikonzero anomaly ichi ndechokuti vabereki vake vakanga ropa nehama - Hama, izvo hwakazara nemagene nezvikanganiso.

Mikhail Tal akaberekwa November 9, 1936 mu Riga, mumhuri vanachiremba. Sezvo Akazoti: "Ndanga kutamba njodzi dema zvidimbu." Its kutanga zvaiva nengozi: mwedzi mitanhatu pashure kuzvarwa mukomana akarwara noutachiona akafanana yomumuzongoza. Vabereki vari vanachiremba, aiziva zvishomanana mukana kurarama, asi naivowo vaiziva kuti kuzvimba ichi chinobata uropi munzira dzaisatarisirwa, dzimwe nguva kakawanda kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda basa dzaro anobudirira Zvaizobuda chirwere. Mwana vakapona.

mapfupi pauduku

Kwemakore mashanu aigona vawande-digit matatu nhamba mupfungwa dzake, uye verenga kubva makore matatu. War mhuri Talay wakaitwa muna kubvisa, muna Perm mudunhu. The chikoro akatora mukomana pakarepo kuti mugiredhi rechitatu, uye muna Riga University, weVadzidzisi Vedare of Mikhail Tal akanga anyoresa, sezvo zvagara, nemakore 15.

Tal ndangariro kwakanga vakaramba. Mukomana chaizvoizvo reproduces mashoko mubhuku, iyo, sezvo zvaiita vamwe, akanga achitsvaka kukurumidza miniti. Kuti ruzivo, raakanga sechinoitika kunyanya zvinokosha, akaramba ari muyeuko yake nokusingaperi.

Muchiitiko chino, Michael haana aizviona mwana prodigy. Ake boyish chokuita havasi vakasiyana zvido vezera - aida kutamba nhabvu uye aipedza nguva yakawanda kumhanya bhora, pasinei okutanga zvokurwara vasangana mubasa neitsvo. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma upenyu hwake iye zvino ane zvaanoreva - chess.

kutanga enzira

Muna 6 makore Mikhail Tal, ane Biography zvino nokusingaperi nechokuita ichi mutambo wekare, kekutanga ndakaona bhodhi pamwe nenhamba. Zvino mwana waishanda pamwe nababa vake uye akanga akamirira muimba yokumirira mahofisi chiremba wake. Varwere akaita mutambo pakati wechesi, kumirira mabiko. The baba akamuratidza sei kuenda nechipi, uye aiziva dzinokosha nemitemo. Pakutanga, mukomana akatora mutambo nyore. Kufara, iyo zvino vaisiyana ramangwana wechesi shasha, yakabikwa mariri, apo nemakore 9 kwaakaitwa muzukuru kushanyira '' s naye. "

With makore 10 akatanga kuenda wechesi kirabhu panguva Riga Palace of Young Pioneers. Ndava nemakore 12, akagamuchira muchikwata 2nd, 14 - rokutanga mumakore 17, akava tenzi. wechesi mudzidzisi First Tal - Janis Kruzkops - aiva mutsigiri wemishonga, kushingaira kutamba. Kana ari Michael ari seari pasi kunoshamisa kugona uye romoto nevakwegura, unhu. Tal Chess kumbova vachitya ngozi pfuuridzirwowo, complicating nzvimbo. Ngano "kururama" vakaurayiwa Tal - uyewo zvikuru zvinobva ayo "piyona" uduku.

mudzidzisi mabhuku

Kufarira kudzidza mabhuku uye nhoroondo, sezviri pachena akabva Michael pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu mai - naIda Grigorevny, achiri muduku akanga kujairirana Ehrenburg, Picasso nezvimwe nevanhu. Nyaya yacho chinyorwa, pashure yokudzivirirwa University akasunungurwa mudzidzisi wechiduku Mikhail Tal aiva "Satire uye kufara mu mabasa them Ilfa uye Evgeniya Petrova." Zviri pachena kupenya zvinosetsa yokusafa Tal, Kunoitwa zvose - uye kwenguva yakareba nevanhu vaimuziva, uye haawanzotauri shamwari - aiva zvikonzero.

Apedza kudzidza aishandira imwe nguva ari pachikoro, asi nokuda nguva huru basa akava wechesi. Kurovedza Philological akabatsira chaizvo Tal muzvidzidzo ake nhau, kunyanya apo iye rakapepetwa magazini yakabudiswa Riga, "Chess", zvikuru tsenivshiysya pose.

Sally

In ake mutambo nguva dzose kutsvaga rupawo pamusoro pokudzora chomweya, mauto emadhimoni - zvakare inopenya, anoshamisa, azere ngozi, hwakakura fungidziro uye nezvimwewo werudzii nzwisisa nzwisiso akanga Mihaila Talya. Vakundwa vaitsvaka utsanangurirwe nokukundikana iri hypnotic anopenya vanatenzi mu nemano ake extrasensory. Vaya vanoziva Michael nani, kuedza izvi kuunza kunyemwerera - zvakanga mune dzimwe.

Just Tal Chess aiva chibereko chake nemaonerwo anoitwa upenyu. Chido tibudirire nekukurumidza, kuziva zvizere manyawi, incontinence mune chido uye zvinoreva kuti Kuziva kwavo Akaperekedzwa hwake.

Kana paiva kugadzirira rinokosha kundorwa Botvinnik, kusarudza zvaitika wenyika shasha rokuremekedza, akapedza yose kushanda rokutora kunaka Riga Sulamif Landau mwoyo. Zvinangwa vave kubudirira: Sally akava mukadzi wake, uye iye - nyika shasha.

Nzira Olympus

Rapid pamukwidzwa kuna Tal wechesi pamusoro, uyewo kunokurumidza kuwana inonyaradza vavo aimbova nyika zita - kunozivikanwa peji munyika munhoroondo wechesi. Muna 1957, mumwe Rigan wechiduku akava USSR shasha ari wechesi, kurova seane uchenjeri David Bronstein uye Paul Keres - Vakwikwidzi nokuti korona nyika. Mune remangwana, zvichiri 5 nguva yakahwina All-Union Chess Championship.

Danho rinotevera nzira pamusoro wechesi Olympus vakava Tournaments dzakawanda. Zvichiteverwa kukunda mune Inter-zonal mutambo Vakwikwidzi muna Portoroz, Slovenia (1958) uye panguva rechi13 Chess Olympiad muMunich (1958). Tal akahwina dzakawanda wechesi mutambo muna Zurich (1959) uye kuedzwa mugore iroro vaida Tournament muYugoslavia, raisanganisira zvose ipapo nyeredzi iri mutambo: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres nemashanu Robert Fisher.

Match pamwe Mihailom Botvinnikom nokuti nyika ushasha rakaitirwa kubva March 15 kusvika May 7, 1960 uye dzakaguma mangwanani kukunda Tal-makore 24, uyo akakunda 6 mitambo, kurasikirwa 2 uye wokutanga hafu yakasvika 12 points.

The gotwe nyika shasha

Young uye anokwezva, witty uye vakangwara, uyo akanga asati amboitika vakashinga uye nesimba kwokukurukurirana kutamba Tal akava chidhori wechesi mafeni rose. Zvino vatenzi nyanzvi akatora vanoshamiswa panguva pakarepo pakuonekwa "upstart" pavanenge kuziva shasha itsva, ndichinzwa tsitsi iye wava ubiquitous uye pahunosiya. Kunyange kuzivikanwa pakati grandmasters uye wechesi paruzhinji uye misanthropic sociopath Bobby Fischer oga Tal, kuridza blitz nyore kupedza zuva rose.

In Riga, Tal akasangana guru revanhu kubva panzvimbo yake maoko vaitakura motokari pamwe wechidiki shasha. Iye nokuzvidira akasangana wechesi mafeni vemazera ose vari Riga uye mhiri Union. Nokukurumidza Soviet Union vashoma ivavo vaizova vasingazivi zita Tal. Michael Nehemevich akawana kuremekedzwa yokuti haana kuchinja nzvimbo dzokugara, kunyange toughest nguva, kumbobvumira pachake groundlessly vanoshora maperero azvakaita nyika apo akaberekwa, asi ushingise mashoko ake akaita kunze kuramba kufarira naye chikamu ehurumende masangano - imwe nguva zvakanga kungopfeka kusiya.

tevera upenyu

Nokufamba wokugadzirira rematch pamwe Botvinnik muchirimo 1961 akapindira kuwedzera itsvo matambudziko Tal. Iye kunyange aida kukumbira kunonosa ose mutambo, asi zviri kunze kuremekedza nemuvengi wake vakabvuma ose ezvinhu Botvinnik. Somugumisiro, Tal haana agadzirira kurwa itsva rokuti uye vakarasika.

Zvadaro, iye anoramba kunorwa nokuda nyika wechesi korona, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Aiitawo chikwata Anatoly Karpov panguva gadziriro yayo nokuda machisi pamwe Korchnoi uye Fisher, vachiita rakakura kuwana kwavo ushasha rokuremekedza.

Pasinei nezvinetso zvinowedzerwa utano, haana kuda kuderedza kumhanya upenyu. Aberekwa mwanakomana wake, wake kurambana kubva Sally, wanano wechipiri nowechitatu, kuberekwa mwanasikana, akaramba murume anodikanwa vose akasangana muupenyu, kuita vakadzi unsophisticated uye nyore. Haana kurasikirwa nyore uye zviwanikwa mafaro - rinonaka, asi chikafu chinokuvadza, zvakanaka rinodhaka, aisvuta chaizvo ... Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, izvi zvakakonzerwa kudiwa tisanzwe dzose marwadzo. Kuderedza marwadzo uye aifanira kushandisa zvinodhaka akasimba.

aenda Undefeated

Muna 1988 Tal rowana World Chess Championship pamwe Wakafupisa nemirau akava mutsigiri mukuru World Blitz wokutanga. In ake unyanzvi Biography muna 1970-80 paiva nenguva apo amborohwa Tournaments siyana raiva 90 mitambo mumutsetse, inova anoyevedza budiriro tenzi upi.

Wokupedzisira pamutemo bato iri Classic wechesi mutambo Tal akahwina zvakare, zvakaitika May 5, 1992 mu Barcelona, nemuvengi wake raiva Vladimir Akopian. Nguva pfupi asati afa, iye chaizvoizvo akatiza kubva muchipatara kuti kuitawo Moscow Blitz Championship, apo akakunda ipapo nyika shasha Garry Kasparov. Zvaiva ake okupedzisira wechesi mutambo. Akafa July 28, 1992.

Mihail Nehemevich Tal akaburuka munhau kwete chete kwakajeka wechesi mutambi, mumwe okupedzisira romantics uyu mutambo wekare, asiwo kunoshamisa kwavo unhu, vanochengeta ndangariro akanaka akawanda vanhu munyika yedu uye kunze.