American Chess mutambi Bobby Fischer Biography, dzinonakidza facts, mapikicha

Pakati yakakurumbira vatambi, anozivikanwa munyika yose yose wechesi, vanhu vashoma vanogona kusiyanisa kuti ake uchenjeri hunoshamisa pfungwa. shasha yavo vakauya munyika mutambo yakawanda zvakagadzirwa uye nemamwe mapato. Chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana ndiye Bobby Fischer, yakasimba wechesi mutambi nguva dzose. Padanho IQ ake akanga akaenzana 186, zviri mumwe kumusoro prices munyika.

makore okutanga

Bobby Fischer akaberekwa musi yakanaka March zuva mumhuri dzakawanda. Muna 1933, amai yemberi shasha, Regina Wender, vakatiza Germany kuti Soviet Union, kana munyika yake vaNazi vakauya simba. Kwechinguva yaaigara munharaunda nyika ane ushamwari, apo akasangana murume wake ramangwana, Gerhard Fischer. Muna 1938, vaviri wakabudiswa chakarongwa muchato, uye pashure penguva akaenda US.

Munguva rinoti uye Bobby Fischer akaberekwa musi March 9, 1943. Pashure 2 years, baba vakasiya mhuri kana akadzokera Germany. Mother nokuzvidzora akadzidza mukomana wake nomukoma, Joan. Kuti musikana uye akapa hanzvadzi yake wechesi rokutanga, ipapo yose yachinja kwaari. Joan uye Robert (Bobby Fischer) akatanga kudzidza mitemo uye kutamba pamwechete. Nokufamba kwenguva mukomana wacho akatowedzera achinyatsotaurira munyika wechesi.

Panguva iyoyo, mhuri yaigara kuBrooklyn. Zuva nezuva, wechiduku Bobby kuti maawa mashoma hwakapedzerwa oga, kuridza pachake murudo mutambo. Izvi zvakonzera kunetseka vari mai, uye akasarudza kuwana sparring nemumwe mwanakomana wake. Vasingazivi kwokuenda, akasarudza kuisa chiziviso mupepanhau. Vashandi "Brooklyn yeGondo", kwete paigona chii chikamu kuisa chinyorwa zvakadaro, akasarudza mberi kune munhu anogona wechesi venhau. Zvakazoonekwa Hermann Helms, uyo akagamuchira AD nokunyorera pamusoro mai Bobby Brooklyn Club wechesi.

wechesi Club wokutanga murairidzi

Zvinhu refu maawa ari oga, musikana mutambi aigona kudzidza zvose anonyengera ari mutambo. Brooklyn tsvimbo akavhura mikana mitsva kwaari. Bobby Fischer, ane Biography achakurumidza ngachizikamwe zvose, anotanga kudzidzisa pamwe Carmine Nigro. Uyu murume panguva yakanga purezidhendi kirabhu. Young Bobby akapedza munzvimbo iyi zvinenge zvose ake kupembedza nguva.

Kana tsvimbo yakavharwa, wechiduku wechesi mutambi akakumbira amai vake kuti kutora naye park, "Washington Square." Panguva iyoyo paiva kuenda zvose mafeni ose mutambo uyu - kubva kuvaduku kusvikira huru, kubva akasiyana mumagariro strata. Bobby Fischer akaberekwa kutamba wechesi, atova pachena mumakore iwayo. Papera gore akatanga aidaro Hortonskom tsvimbo, uyewo kanoverengeka mwedzi yakadzidziswa unyanzvi uye vakadzidziswa kushanyira Dzhona Kollinza. Panguva iyoyo akanga ashanyirwa yakawanda vatambi uye GMs. Yakanga pamba anonyatsozivikanwa murairidzi Fisher akatanga kuverenga mabhuku anokosha chokuita mutambo.

kukunda rokutanga

Kudzidza dzakasiyana zvikwata, Robert muchirongwa makwikwi zvose, iyo yaiitirwa ikoko. Kukunda ake okutanga anogona kunzi kuhwina mutambo womunharaunda makwikwi nemakore 10. Zvinonzi zvikuru wakamira pakati vezera rake harisi chete manyorero game, asiwo chido kuva chakanakisisa.

News of kupenya mutambi akatanga diverge kubva duku wechesi nenzanga America. Bobby akatanga ndirumbidzwe, uye mumakore 13 kwave vakokwawo Tournaments zhinji. Kazhinji, aiitawo imwe mawa mutambo apo vavengi vake vaiva vamwe simba Vatori kamwe. Mumwe chiitiko chakadai kwakaitika Cuba, apo akanga aenda pamwe Regina Wender, mai vake. Famous grandmasters akakoka wechidiki prodigy kutamba mutambo, chii Robert nguva dzose dzinobvumirana, zviri mukana kudzidza chinhu chitsva uye kunzwisisa uchenjeri vanatenzi.

Mumakore 16, Fischer akasarudza kusiya kupfungwa yedzidzo, kuti kuzvipira zvakazara pachake kudzidza uye kutamba Chess. Iye pasina pamba yakarongwa dzakawanda dzakafanana mitambo pamwe pachake. Rakapararira kuburikidza wamakamuri puranga, iye rave akapfuura kubva kune vamwe, dzinoongorora uye kufunga kuburikidza inofamba kumativi ose.

Tournaments

Muzhizha 1956 yaiva US mudiki mutambo umo muduku Bobby Fischer akasimuka ushasha yake yokutanga, uye akava gotwe weNobel ari makwikwi. Pashure paizvozvo, akatanga dzakatevedzana Tournaments kuti ichaita naye wechesi korona, izvo murume akarota kubva pauduku.

Muna 1958 iye chikamu muYugoslavia zonal mitambo. Ikoko, iye akasangana achitungamirira grandmasters zhinji. All nguva yake kupembedza Fischer akapedza pamusoro pokumuka nzira itsva uye kashoma unobuda mumba make. Vechikamu vakati kuti kutarira mukomana kunoita munhu simpleton, asi kana anouya tafura, zvose zvinotaura mutambo.

Rakanga dzokuYugoslavia kukunda vakauya Robert mukana kukwikwidzana pa dzakakwirira nhanho. Muna 1959 musarudzo Tournament yakaitwa panguva iyo duku prodigy aifanira yakasimba wechesi vatambi venyika. Kuva oga kune imwe nyika, haana kuva mubatsiri, wechipiri kana mhiri. All Zvisarudzo nezviito akaita tisingatungamirirwi. Daily kupembedza nguva Bobby akanga agere zvake mukamuri nokutamba wechesi, apo vavengi vake vaiva akarurama rudzi, zvikuru vakazorora remba. Fisher akaita zvakawanda zvikanganiso, asi zvakadaro akatora 5th nzvimbo, iyo mberi akasimbisa mukurumbira wayo uye yakashama kumusoro pahupamhi tarisiro.

Muna 1961, rinotevera mutambo kunoitika mutaundi Bled. Vakura uye wakanyatsogadzirirwa American wechesi mutambi Bobby Fischer rowana anenge ose Party uye pfungwa panzvimbo yechipiri. Kuitawo akanga zvishoma akarasika kuna Spassky, wechiduku prodigy zvinotora muna 1966 kusvika Piatigorsky Cup, vakatora nzvimbo muSanta Monica.

Tevera Tournaments vakauya Robert, zvakawanda mukurumbira munyika wechesi. Akakunda dzakawanda machisi uye vakabata 1st kana 2nd nzvimbo. Style Ake kutamba anova nechivimbo uye simba. With kurovedza kwakadaro uye vatotanga nezvinyamusi, chisimba uye zvakaipa hunhu shasha akauya huru makwikwi hwake. At makore 29 okuberekwa akanga kundorwa grandmaster rakasimba of USSR.

Game pamwe Borisom Spasskim

Muna 1972, Bobby Fischer, akasimba US mutambi aiva kukunda muhondo nyika rokuremekedza. mupikisi yake raiva Boris Spassky. mutambo uyu anonzi kuva mutambo remakore, yava vakauya yakawanda Manzwiro, kwete chete vatambi nyika, asi pasi pose, avo akatarisa kurwa. Zvaive munguva kweHondo Yemashoko, uye vazhinji bato akabatanidza Spassky uye Fischer nebope pakati masimba makuru maviri.

The mutambo kwakaitika Reykjavik. Nechekare maminitsi mumutambo wekutanga yakaratidza kuti tinogona kutarisira zvose American mutambi. Zvakangotanga vakatanga rakanga 5 pm, Spassky akanga akagadzirira uye akagara achimirira pakutanga. The mutambo rakatanga, grandmaster Soviet anoita kutanga, uye tinya wechesi wachi. All vanotarisira rechipiri contestant.

Maminitsi akapfuura, uye Bobby Fischer, the US shasha, haana kuzviratidza. Spassky anouya kuzotonga, pachena, kuti kubvunza panzira mberi, uye ipapo anopinda mumba, Robert. Izvi hazvisi chimwe vhiki ichakurukura zvose mapepanhau munyika. Nechekare panguva iyoyo American grandmaster akataura pachake uye kutamba pamusoro eccentric uye nezvimwewo Maitiro ake. Saka, mutambo vakatevera yose, kunze kunetsana ichi zvinopfuura zvenguva dzose machisa.

Fisher akaenda mutambo kuburikidza nhevedzano okukunda. Kwemakore akawanda akanga kugadzirira mutambo uyu, kurasikirwa Spassky ari makwikwi pazera duku. grandmaster Soviet nekusiyana, mushure mekugamuchira shasha kuti musoro vakava zvishoma ngwariro inobhadharwa kurovedza uye nokutamba. Zvadaro, zvakamubaya pamusoro zvabuda.

Zvichakadai, wokutanga batch mangé yakatanga. Bobby Fischer, kukura wakanga anenge 185 masendimita pamusoro tafura, akagara zvake cheya, iyo zvikuru vakauya nokuda mutambo uyu. Nokurwadzisa zvose: Chiedza Mabumba, uye kurira kamera shutter, uye kuvapo vanhu, zvisinei chinzvimbo chavo uye ushande.

Pasinei neizvi, bato zvakanaka, asi pane imwe nguva Fischer paanokanganisa, unogona kuita chete mutsva, uye anorasikirwa. Izvi zvakaita iye kuva nehasha, uye akabvunza kubva varongi vose paparazzi dzavo midziyo vabviswa kubva musha. Sezvo akaramba, chokuAmerica grandmaster kubviswa, kurega kuramba kurwa. The mutambo zvakazoonekwa kuti kukanganiswa, uye kukunda yechipiri mutambo rwoga paakavapa kuna Spassky.

Pashure 1.5 mwedzi Bobby Fischer zvakadaro akabvuma kupedza mutambo, asi vakanyengetedza varongi kutamisira mutambo kune imwe nzvimbo yakakodzera. It akazviratidza kuva mukamuri duku mutambo patafura Tennis. Third Party uye vose vaivapo dzaenda Muchiitiko zvakasiyana. Uye kuguma Kumukundi yakanga American. Bobby Fischer, regumi nyika shasha, kuti zita akanga akamirira kwemakore 15 refu kubva kukunda US vatambi zvose.

Around mutambo pakarepo akakwira hype. Vamiririri Soviet Chess Association aida kuongorora mumhepo, kuvheneka uye pachigaro, apo akanga ari Muponesi, dzichishandisa chokwadi chokuti mutambi rakabudisa migumisiro namakemikari kana redhiyo mafungu. Pashure kunyatsoongorora dzakawanda sangano zvose zvinoumba uchapupu dzidziso iyi haina kuwanikwa.

The wokupedzisira hondo

Pashure pokugamuchira musoro nyika shasha Bobby Fischer, uyo kufarira Biography kuti ruzivo vatambi uye nyanzvi, kunosiya nechidzitiro uye haarambi kwekanguva. Muna 1975, iye aifanira azviise mutambo pamwe Anatoliem Karpovym, kusimbisa zita rake. Asi GM uye kuteerera chiitiko.

nguva refu asina ruzivo pamusoro guru wechesi vatambi vave akashuma. Zvinoratidza kuti murume kuvanza aiva Bobby Fischer. upenyu hwake pachake ari zvakare yakafukidzwa chakavanzika. Dzimwe nguva unogona kunzwa kuti wakaonekwa dzakasiyana dzepasi.

Muna 1992, sangano romunyika yose iri rematch pakati Spassky uye Fischer rakarongwa. Pangozi vaiva mari guru, mubayiro dziva rakanga pamusoro US $ 3 miriyoni. mutambo uyu yakarongwa kuti iitike rechi20 gore mutambo Spassky - Fischer, uyo akaburuka munhau wenyika wechesi.

The rematch kwakasarudzwa kuti aite muYugoslavia. Asi America ine pamwe kuti nyika panguva iyoyo vakanga kuoma enyika ukama, uye Bazi Finance Fischer mungozi zvirango. Asi kuti haana kurega GM, ndiEzekieri, kunyange huvandudzike. Pashure mudyandigere rake wechesi muna 1975, akanga kuramba achitsoropodzwa policies Washington uye hurumende dzose US.

The mutambo zvakanaka, vavengi vakabata mitambo 30, uye Kumukundi Bobby Fischer akabuda zvakare. Pasinei neizvi, vose vari nyanzvi mune nenzwi rimwe akaudza kuti ufanane vose nevatambi haisi chete. Asi Grandmaster vakafunga mutambo uye ushasha agara akati kuti haana kurasikirwa korona yake weNobel, sezvo muvengi akasimba kumupfuura pachake, haana kusangana.

upenyu Personal

Bobby Fischer, ane upenyu pachake ari yakafukidzwa chakavanzika, dzose nguva wakayeriswa mutambo. Pamwe nevasikana nayo anenge ndambomuona. Mubvunzurudzo panguva Olympic Games muna 1962, iye nevamwe vatori zvimwe nuances. Panyaya vakadzi, akati kuti kutsvaka vakadzikama bato. Asi ini kusarudza vokuAmerica nekuti muna zvaanofunga, vachiri akazvimirira uye nemaune. Ake anopenya raitungamirirwa panguva nevasikana kuMabvazuva.

Rimwe zuva, apo Fisher-makore 17 muchirongwa mutambo, ivo vakwikwidzi atumwa kumukadzi akakwanisa captivate mwana prodigy. Nguva yose ari makwikwi, airidza zvakaipa, sezvo isina dzose nguva yaaipedza aine anoda itsva. Zvakaguma kwakajeka mutambi aiva pamusoro chinzvimbo mune tafura League. Chaiva chidzidzo chakanaka kuti muduku Robert, uye kubvira ipapo rudo rwake chete yaiva mutambo wenyika wechesi.

Bobby Fischer: Interesting Facts

Muupenyu hwake, yakakurumbira wechesi mutambi aizomira kwete chete nokuda kwayo penya mutambo. Agamuchira rokuremekedza, ake zvavanoda uye vachida akakura yekudyidzana. Somuenzaniso, kutamba haana kutanga pamberi 4 pm, nekuti aida kurara. Zvino mutambo asati kuva nechokwadi kutora dzinoshambira mudziva kana kutamba tenesi pamusoro dare.

American Chess mutambi Bobby Fischer anonzi kwete chete kwakajeka mutambi, asi ndiyewo akakurumbira paranoid iyoyo. Pashure pokugamuchira rokuremekedza anotanga kuti zvematongerwo munyika vakarangana uye verenga nezvazvo mabhuku uye nyaya zhinji. Kwapera nguva kuoneka pachaunga kutaura ake utsinye pamusoro pavaJudha, vokuAmerica uye Africans.

Pashure akundwe Borisom Spasskim muna 1972 Bobby Fischer akava gamba renyika. With zvaizoratidza kugumisa zvibvumirano makambani akawanda wakakurumbira, ayo akapotsa pakarepo akatendeuka pasi. Celebrities vakaedza kunyengera naye kumapati uye mhemberero. Most zvose vakamiswa kudzidza kubva kwaari mutambo. Asi pashure pechinguva akakurumbira shasha Bobby Fischer, Photo rinodhindira shanduro zvose achanzi mutengesi uye somupanduki.

Robert godo game, uye vakatenda kuti mutambo wechesi kubhadhara sedzisina. Saka, akabvunza yokuita mutambo inflated mari, dzichishandisa chokwadi kuti vatambi havasi kuwana boxers maduku uye dzimwe nevatambi zvikuru dzakakurumbira anoranga. Izvi mafungiro inozvikudza mutambi wakabereka zvabuda uye Championships vakatanga kukwezva vanoiona iri sefa uye vachivakuza.

Mumwe Developers ose wechesi dzidziso uye munyori nyaya zhinji pamusoro mutambo ndiye Bobby Fischer, mufananidzo zvinogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku dingindira ichi. Akadzidza batch mangé vechirume Tournaments uye vaiona kubva zvakasiyana pamakona, achiratidza zvakafanira nzira uye matanho kuti vakunde ramangwana.

Mumwe zviri GM aiva kushaya uchifara, izvo zvakazoita kuti atenge 157 masutu. Chikonzero ichi chaiva kuti mune rimwe mitambo pamwe anokumhan'arira Bobby Fischer akabvunza pamusoro ake akanaka uye yakashongedzwa chitarisiko, uye tsanangurai sei izvozvo chinokodzera. Akapindura kuti zvidimbu 150, asi kuti aitamba, kuti Robert haana kunzwisisa. Asi shasha aifanira kuva mukundi pazvose, uye akawedzera ake wenguvo 157 zvokupfeka.

Fisher akamira shasha yake kwete bhora wechesi. Aiva Polyglot uye aiziva sei kutaura mitauro 5. Aifarira mabhuku uye nguva dzose verenga mabhuku mumutauro. Maererano mari, akanga nguva dzose nekudzikama. Tinogona kutaura, Fisher aisada navo, haisi muteresi ounyanzvi zvinhu kana zvinhu zvinokosha, akanga hanya yakakwirira chili uye anofarira vose vapfumi vanhu. Asi, pasinei ichi, aiva rinokosha mutengo kuruzhinji, mafeni uye venhau.

With veMubatanidzwa ano kombiyuta uye Indaneti zvose pamusoro penzvimbo, zhinji vanatenzi wechesi vakatanga kupindawo namo Tournaments mune zvemagetsi nzvimbo. Saka vaigona kuwana akakodzera anokumhan'arira, uye kuva nzira itsva kupa vatsva mukana wokudzidza kubva nyanzvi. Imwe Chirungu mutambi mukuru mukirasi Naydzhel Short akati anotamba paIndaneti chete Fischer. Chokwadi, tenzi huru huru haana kusaina zita rake, asi manyorero kutamba kwakaoneka kuti ndizvo.

okunyanyisa maonero

Bobby Fischer, musi yokuberekwa rakaenderana nguva Second World War, jaya akatanga abatanidzwe vakarangana dzidziso uye mabhuku enyika. Pashure kuwana nyika zita raakataura pamusoro hurumende US. Asi noruvengo kuvaJudha, vaKomonisiti, uye zvepabonde vashoma vakanga vatanga kudzokera mukati 60s. Panguva iyoyo, amai vake rakanga riri Soviet Union pamusangano pamwe Flughafen Hruschevoy uye akaita nguva paredhiyo. Izvi zvakazoita Fisher kuti chimbwamupengo uye zvakawanda rirwadze ruvengo rwake.

Aitenda kuti munyika yose vaJudha run, ivo vose zvepamusoro uye masangano ose. Aidavira kuti achidisa kubvisa uye kuchenesa America nevanhu ndisingadiwi. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti zvechokwadi runoyerera ropa ravo! Kumusha kwavo, aionekwa mutengesi, somupanduki. The loudest kukudzwa kwake akabvumirwa nemagandanga zviito pamusoro United States September 11, 2001. Akati kuti inguva kutambira America, uye anoda kuti ave chapupu sei nyika ino kuchapera pachiso panyika.

mumakore achangodarika

Mushure mutambo pamwe Borisom Spasskim Fischer aiva kuvanda kururamisira. Chikonzero ichi ndicho US nehurumende Kurambidzwa chikamu guru wechesi mutambi ari mutambo munyika ino. Panguva iyoyo, zvirango pamusoro Yugoslavia nemhaka yehondo muBalkans vave dzatangwa. Asi Fischer haana basa nazvo, asi akanga asingagoni kudzokera kumba, sezvo akanga akamirira mudare uye makore 10 ari mujeri.

Vakagogodza pamukova zuva chiitiko, akatora muripo wake uye akaenda Switzerland. Mushure pfupi vari munyika yakatamira Hungary. The US Federal Bureau akapa wokuparidza kusungwa yacho grandmaster. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Fischer akavanda, kutanga kuPhilippines, ipapo muJapan uye nguva nenguva vakatamira nzvimbo nenzvimbo.

Sezvo America Grandmaster vaisagona kudzoka, akasarudza kutsvaka kupotera pamba nevabereki vake. Bobby Fischer, ari wechesi mutambi, mufananidzo aiswamo mabhuku akakurumbira zvikuru munyika, iye zvino vanoda imwe musha mutsva. Waanofanira kuzviisa pasi chikumbiro citizenship muGermany, asi vakaramba. In pakati muzhizha ra2004 akasungwa ari yendege Japanese apo vachiedza kusiya nyika. US Extradition Treaty kunoda kupa Fischer.

Zvichakadai, magweta aimbova shasha inokurudzirwa kushandisa citizenship muna Iceland, paakange aita ake asingakanganwiki uye anokunda mutambo. In chitubu 2005, chisarudzo chakaitwa. Robert Fischer pamutemo akava mugari wenyika ino, kuti awane pasipoti uye kufamba kubva kuJapan kuti musha mutsva.

Reykjavik uye zvakaitika makore okupedzisira grandmaster kukuru. Muna 2007, Fisher vakabvuma kuchipatara pamwe chirwere kuti "chiropa kukundikana". Treatment haana kubatsira, uye muna January 2008, haana kuva mukuru uye kunoshamisa mutambi nguva dzose. Akaita mutambo vakawanda zvakagadzirwa uye vakauya nayo kuna kuvandudza.

Kwemakore akawanda asati afa Bobbi Fisher akararama oga uye akagamuchira royalties mabhuku ake, umo iye akarondedzera machisi ake uye vakadzidzisa unyanzvi kutamba Chess. A shamwari shoma vaimushanyira panguva nenguva uye vakaramba.