Mhando kubereka

Mhando kubereka zvakachinja kukura yebudiriro kwevanhu. Nyanzvi rematanho matatu huru kuburikidza nzanga vakapfuura Stage appropriating upfumi, zvokurima uye maindasitiri. Panyaya iyi, uye patsanura Mhando kubereka.

Mufananidzo runozivisa anoverengeka makumi ezviuru zvemakore kubva pakutanga kwenhoroondo yevanhu. Uyu mufananidzo wokutanga kwevanhu kubereka akasimuka pasi pokutonga kupa (kuvhima, kuunganidzwa, hove) upfumi. A maitiro chinhu yakakwirira kutsamira vanhu kubva dzakapoteredza muzvarirwo.

The prehistoric nguva yakanga dzinoratidzwa diki kukura uye pasi kukura yevanhu vemo. Zvishoma nezvishoma appropriating upfumi inofamba kuti zvibereko (okurima) - akatanga kuva mombe ruminant uye kurima. Nguva iyi inonzi "neolithic Revolution." Nokudaro, prerequisites kuti kukura zvinotevera mhando.

Paiva mhando chechipiri kubereka chavagari pamusoro akawanda zvemakore. Iyi yakanga vaine kutonga anenge mhedziso yacho agrarian upfumi. Huru zviratidzi Panguva iyi akanga akakwirira nhanho chokubereka uye vanofa. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo kwese, yokupedzisira panguva iyoyo overlaps yokutanga, iyo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira low kukura mune vemo. Maererano demographers, chikuru regulator, Saka rufu mwero, mune dzimwe nzira kukurudzira kuberekwa unodiwa. Mamwe kubereka inozivikanwa nezvimwe kukura zvigadziriswe.

A nguva inokosha kukura zvinonyatsorehwa upfumi vanhu yaiva nguva iri Industrial Revolution mazera 18-19. Sezvaunoziva, zveupfumi muEurope, uye muzana remakore rechi20, vakafukidza nyika yose munyika. Panguva iyi, zvakatanga kutora kuumba yazvino mhando kubereka vemo.

Chikuva idzva kukura vanhu hwokuratidza zvevhiki kurutivi paumbwe imwe wevanotungamirira yakasiyana zvachose mamiriro ezvinhu, kushandiswa zvigadziriswe akasiyana zvachose.

Munhu wava zvishoma runotsamira zvakasikwa, utano akaita yakawanda mberi, nani kwose kunaka kwoupenyu - izvi zvose zvakaita kuti anyatsoona zvinoderedza hunofa, kuwedzera upenyu anotarisirwa (avhareji). Zvinhu izvi zvakaita kuti pave nokuwedzera uye dzinongoitika kuwedzera.

Kwete mudukusa iyo havana dzimwe mhando kubereka, vari dariro itsva kuonekwa zvinokosha mukana wokushandiswa uye basa wevanotungamirira ukama, ichipa mhuri rusununguko rwokusarudza. Panguva iyo pane kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda, manageability iyi. Nyanzvi iyi akapoteredza kunzi ano muchimiro kubereka vana ndaisagona mhando.

wevanotungamirira pezvakaitwa All dzinoda zvakadzama tsvakurudzo uye kududzira. Nokufamba zvavo yokudzidza akaonekwa pfungwa wevanotungamirira Kuchinja nokumukira. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, tsanangudzo idzi sezvo zvakafanana. Mune mamwe wevanotungamirira chimurenga nayo inozivikanwa se pakuguma kuchinja. Muzviitiko zvakadaro tinotaura nokumukirana matatu munhoroondo yevanhu; asi neolithic, nguva 18-19 Ages uye yechipiri yezana XX remakore.

Mumwe wevanotungamirira chimurenga unoenderana yezwi imwe mhando itsva wokuberekana. Izvi kunzwisisa kuchinja maitikiro sayenzi-inobva akasika preconditions kuti kukura dzidziso iitike. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha pano ndiyo tsananguro yezvakaita kuchinja marongerwo uye kutevedzana kwezviitiko nedanho hunofa, wokubereka, dzinongoitika nokuwedzera hwevanhu, uyewo tinyatsonzwisisa yakareba kuitika.