Memory. Computer memory device

Computer memory memory inogadzirisa kuchengetedza ruzivo. Inogona kuva yemhando dzakasiyana uye inoita mabasa akasiyana. Izvi zvinoenderana nechinangwa icho chiyeuchidzo chichashandiswa. Iyo chiyeuchidzo chekuyeuka, kunze kwekuchengetedza, inopa kutapudza kwemashoko anodiwa.

Aina

Kana iri tekisi, PC inoyeuka inogona kuva mukati uye kunze. Mukati, zvichienderana, iri mukati mekushandisa kwekambani uye yakagadzirirwa kunyora ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana, mapurogiramu, nezvimwewo. Kunze kune zvinodiwa kwenguva refu yekuchengetedza deta. Izvo hazvibvi pahutano hwemakombiyuta, kana pane zvikamu zvayo mukati memangariro zvine. Iyo yekuyeuka chipangizo ine hurongwa hwakaoma uye huwandu hwayo.

Internal memory

Rudzi urwu runotarisana zvakananga nemushanduri uye rinoshandiswa kuchengetedza dambudziko uye zvirongwa zvakabatanidzwa zvakananga mukushanda kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi. Kuwanika kwerudzi urwu rwekuyeuka kunokurumidza zvikuru. Asi iyo ine simba shoma maererano nemazwi. Iko mukati memangariro maitiro akaparadzaniswa kuva subspecies: fixed and operative memory.

Rudzi rwekutanga runoita kuchengetedza nekubudisa dheta. Zvinyorwa zvesingaperi zvinorangarirwa zvakagadzirirwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi. Haikwanise kuchinjwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu. Kuyeuka kwechigarire kunochengetedza kakawanda zvakashandiswa data, zvirongwa zvekushanda, uye software iyo inobatsira kuongorora iyo midziyo.

Kana iri iyo yekushanda, inoshandisa yakawanda yepfungwa yepamusoro uye inofanirwa kugamuchira, kuchengetedza uye panguva yakakodzera kubudisa ruzivo ruchidiwa. Iko kadhi ye RAM inokurumidza zvokuti kana iwe uchiverenga kana kuinyora, iyo inogadzirisa haisi kumirira zvachose.

RAM Features

Izvo zvinotamba basa guru mumakombiyuta, sezvo inonoronga inogona kuita purogiramu chete mushure mokunge yaiswa mumutambo mukuru. Chigadzirwa chakadaro, zvisinei, chinokanganisa zvikuru. Inosanganisira mukuti iyo pakarepo simba rayo rikabviswa, RAM yacho inobva yabviswa. Uye iyo data yose isina kuchengetwa icharasika. Kuwanda kwe RAM kunobva pane zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa paPC. Kana zvisingakwani pamakombiyuta, ipapo shanduro yacho haitangi zvachose, kana inoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma.

Mamwe marudzi

Mukuwedzera kune nguva dzose uye kushanda, kune mamwe mhando dzekuyeuka:

• Cache memory. Kutarisira kukwanisa kutsvaga RAM uye kuchengetedza makopi emamwe mativi emhando yekushandiswa inowanzoshandiswa. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakurumidza kune ruzivo rwakarurama.
• CMOS-RAM ndiyo chikamu chechiyeuchidzo chinokonzera kuchengetedza maparamende ekugadzirisa PC. Izvozvi hazvichinje mushure mekunge kambani yacho isabviswa kubva kune simba.
• Vhidhiyo memori inoshandiswa kuchengetedza mufananidzo unoratidzwa panhamba.
  

External memory

Chimwe chinhu chinenge chiyeuchidzo chiripo kune maitiro akasiyana. Basa ravo uye zvivako zvinoramba zvichinja nekuvandudza. Iyo huru yekushandisa yekunze yekuyeuka ndiyo dambudziko rakaoma. Yakagadzirirwa kwenguva refu yekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko ose ari paPC. Heino purogiramu yekushandura, inenge yose iyo software uye yakawanda yemagwaro emushandisi.

Iyo mikuru mikuru ye diski yakaoma inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Capacity.
• Inokurumidza kuchinja kwe diski, iyo inosarudza kukurumidza kwekuwana ruzivo uye nekukurumidza kwekuverenga deta.
• Cache size, nezvimwe.
  

Chimiro nemabasa e hard disk

Kana zviri izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvekutora dhirairi, pane zvina:

• Disks.
• Chikamu chekombiyuta chechigadzirwa.
• Shingaira.
• Misoro yekuverenga nekunyora.

Panguva yekurekodha, kombiyuta inotumira mashoko kune disk hard disk nenzira yebhanary bits, imwe neimwe iyo inonyorwa magnetization seyakanaka kana isina.

Kana chiitiko icho chigadzirwa chemagetsi chichikumbira ruzivo rwaive rwakanyorwa kare, madhairiro akaoma anotenderera, uye misoro iyo inofanirwa kuverenga kana kunyora yakasvika kune iyo nzvimbo iyo data chaiyo yakanyorwa. Musoro iwoyo unobva waona kuti zviratidzo zvakanaka kana kuti zvisina kunaka uye kutumira idzi data zvakare kumakombiyuta. Pasinei nokuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemashoko zviri pamativi akasiyana e diski, misoro iri nyore nyore kuwana chero nzvimbo yavanoda. Izvi zvinokubvumira kunyanya kukurumidza kuwana ruzivo kana uchienzanisa nemabasa akafanana magnetic tape.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinopa chiyeuchidzo

Nechirongwa chekuyeuka chinowanikwa mune zvimwe zvakasiyana:

• Flexible disks. Vakanga vakajairika munguva yakapfuura, asi ivo vanenge vasiripo nhasi. Gadzirira kuchengetwa kwemashoko emuduku nemazuva ano emitengo yehuwandu - 1.44-2.88 MB. Dragppy disk pachayo inowanikwa mumapurasitiki epurasitiki, iyo inowanikwa mune imwe makombiyuta drive. Zvirungidziridzo zvekuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvemufananidzo uyu zvinofanira kuumbwa kusati kwashandiswa uyewo zvichengetedzwa kubva kune magnetic fields.
• CD-ROM uye CD-RW - inodhura uye inowanzochengetedzwa yekuchengetedza kwemashoko anoshandiswa nhasi. Inzwi rekunyora deta rakakura zvikuru, uye zviri nyore kushandisa.

• DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD + RW , nezvimwewo. Mafambisi akawanda anokubvumira kunyora dhidhiyo mumasikisi akasiyana-siyana: audio, video, zvinyorwa, etc. Ive nemafungiro akawanda - anenge 4.7-17 Gbyte, iyo inokubvumira kuti uchengetedze ruzivo rukuru rwakadai rwaunoda ma CD-ROM akawanda.
  

Mazuva ano kuchengetedza mhizha

Pasinei nezvakawanda, maCD uye maDVD zvakanyanya kuchinjwa nemamwe maitiro ekugadzira inochengetedza ruzivo.

Shanduro yeiyi typology inomiririrwa zvikurukuru ne flash memory, iyo iripo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

• Mepu dzinosiyana nehuwandu nehuwandu hwemashoko. Iko kadhi memakadhi inoita kuti iwe uishandise nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kutanga nekombiyuta yega, kazhinji pafoni, uye foni uye nekuguma nemamera makamera, makamera nemimwe midziyo.

• USB Flash Drive, inozivikanwa se "flash drive". Iyi shandisa inoshandiswa serial inoshandiswa nehuwandu hwomukati kusvika kusvika 480 Mbps. Muchengeti pachake anoiswa mumuviri wakagadzikana, unogona kuva nemuvara chero upi zvake, maitiro uye zvinhu. Izvo zvinosanganisira iyi chipangizo chekugadzirira ndeyekuti hachigoni kushandiswa chete muhutano hwakatsanangurwa, asiwo zvakananga kubva payo kuti utange mimhanzi, video, kuverenga nekugadzirisa zvinyorwa, nezvimwewo.

Computer memory ndeye pfungwa yakaoma. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana - kunze uye mukati. Mukati kunoreva kusingagumi, kushanda uye mamwe marudzi ekuyeuka. Kunze kunomiririrwa ne diski yakaoma, uyewo zvakasiyana nehuwandu, huwandu, chimiro, kukurumidza kwekutumira uye kudhindwa kwedhidhiyo nemichina yekushandisa. Zviratidzo zvezviyeuchidzo zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana kwazvo, zvinotaridzirwa nehuwandu uye chinangwa chekushandisa kwavo. Mubvunzo wekuyeuka kombiyuta yemunhu uye unhu hwahwo hunokurumidza zvikuru. Gore roga roga pane kuchinja uye kuvandudzwa munzvimbo ino.