Chii RAM?

Vose vechikoro vanogona kushanda nemapurogiramu pakombiyuta pachavo. Asi zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti vanhu vazhinji havangozvioni zvakakosha kuti vave nechinangwa chirevo chemaitiro anotora mukati memagetsi emagetsi. Asi muverengi, semunhu akadzidziswa, zvechokwadi anoda kusanzwisisa mubvunzo weiyo RAM. Idzi ruzivo harusi kungowedzera kukwirira, asi rinokubvumirawo kuti usarudze chiyeuchidzo chinonyanya kukosha pakombiyuta yako.

Saka, chii RAM? Chero chero chigadziri chekombiyuta, kunyange chekuita chekuita nyore, kunze kwekuti kuverenga kernel kunotakura mitambo yakawanda yekuyeuka. Rudzi rwekutanga rwuROM (kuverenga- chete memory), uye yechipiri i-RAM (random access access memory), maererano. Mushandisi anofarira kuti RAM iri chii, pachava nemibvunzo yakawanda, kana uchiyeuka kushandura mutauro weChirungu: ROM uye RAM. Rom iri kuverengerwa-chete, uye RAM ndeyekunyora (Random Access). Dzimwe nguva kunyora muROM kuchiri kunogona, asi nenzira dzakakosha (programmer, etc.). Kuti utsanangure kuti RAM chii, ngatitangei muenzaniso nechinotakura.

Mushure mekumanikidza bhodhi rekushandisa kubva kuROM, kuverenga microprogram kunoverengwa uye kunogadziriswa, nzvimbo yebhatani inobvunzurudzwa. Pano mushumiri anosimudza bhodhi nefoni. Kunyange nokuda kwekuverenga kwakajeka zvakakosha kuita 4 kuchinyorwa: nhamba mbiri, zviratidzo zvekuita nekuenzana. Iko "calculator" inorangarira sei "yapfuura" kusati kwatanga "chiratidzo" chakafanana? Maitiro avo akachengetwa mu RAM. Mumakombiyuta, chero, kunyange purogiramu yehofisi, inotakura purojekiti uye kuverenga, maitiro ayo ari mu RAM.

Ichokwadi kuti RAM inoshanda zvakakurumidza (mukuenzanisa neROM), inoshandisa simba rakawandisa, uye data yakachengetwa mairi inochengetwa chero bedzi simba rekugovera richigoverwa.

Mukombiyuta tekombiyuta, kushandiswa kwepfungwa kunowanikwa mumarangariro emumhanzi (slats, modules) nemuzinga we sliding pins-mazita, wiring yekuita makwara uye seti yepamusoro chips. Modules inopindirwa mukati mezvikwata pabhobho rebhobho.

RAM yakagadzirwa nemakombiyuta. Mhando dzaro dzisina kushandiswa! Iyi ichangobva kuitika vashandi havasi kuedza "kudzorerazve gumbo," nokuti chinangwa chekufambisa iDDR. Pamberi pekuiswa kwemaitiro matsva eDDR muIndel 845 neVIA KT266 chipsets , chiyeuchidzo cheSRAMRAM chakashandiswa zvikuru. Yakanga iri "run-in" uye teknolojia yezvakavimbika, asi ma modules akavakirwa pairi kuwedzera kushaya bandwidth kuzarura mikana yezvigadzirwa zvitsva. Saka, mhinduro yakagadziriswa - DDR (Double Data Rate) yakarongedzwa. Mhedzisiro huru kubva kune SDRAM yapfuura yaiva kuwedzerwa kaviri mune zvakananga. Izvi zvakagadzirwa kuburikidza nesangano rekuverenga dhamusi kubva mumangariro memhemberero, zvose zviri mberi uye kudonhora kwechiratidzo cheawa. Kuwanda kwacho hakuna kuchinja panguva imwe chete. Ichokwadi, kugadzirisa kwekushandiswa kwekodzero yemamodules kwakaitwa.

Mukuwedzera, zvimwe, zvishoma kudarika kuchinja zvakaitwa. Chimwe chazvo - nguva ye RAM yakatanga kutsigira zvakagadziriswa zvirongwa. Iyi parameter yakachengetedzwa mumarudzi ose emazuva ano ekuyeuka. Iyo inomiririra kunonoka kwekudya kwechiratidzo chekufananidza moduku. Iyo yakaderedza kukosha kwayo, inokurumidza kupindura, asi kuderera kwakanyanya mukushanda. Kana kukosha kwe microcircuit kuchiri duku, havangori nguva yekugadzirira kuverenga, uye kukanganisa kunoitika.

Uyezve, kana zvisati zvaitika muBIOS zvaidiwa kutsanangura zvakajeka maitiro ekushanda ema modules, iye zvino mitemo inodiwa inyoreswa mu SPD block (chip mumutsetse), uye BIOS inovaverenga uye inozviisa pachena.