Medals "Kutsigira kweCaucasus." Medal "Kuzvidzivirira kweCaucasus" - mubayiro weU.SR

Iko kare mumakore ekutanga eHondo Guru rePatriotic, hutungamiri hweU.SR hwakaona kukosha kwekuda kuziva yevadziviriri veMelandland. Kumugumo uyu, mirairo nemapurisa zvakagadzwa, izvo zvakazopiwa kune vashumiri vanozivikanwa kwazvo, uyewo kune vanhu vese vakaratidza ushingi uye ushingi mukurwisana nevaGermany vanovhiringidzika. Chimwe chezvikwereti zvakadaro yaiva medal "Nokudzivirira kweCaucasus" (1944). Nhasi inochengetwa mumhuri dzakawanda sechiyeuchidzo chekushandiswa kwebaba nemadzitateguru.

Prehistory

Asati ataura pamusoro pemutambo "Kuzvidzivirira kweCaucasus", zvakakosha kutaura mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pekuti hondo yacho yakaitwa sei kune ino inokosha geopolitical region uye zvinorevei kukundwa kweuto reRussia mune izvi kutungamirirwa kwaive nemigumisiro yeGreat Patriotic War.

Kutanga kwemauto ehondo yekudzivirira kweCaucasus kunoonekwa seJuly 25, 1942. Zvisinei, veGermany General Staff vakasarudza kutora nzvimbo dziri pedyo neDon, mwedzi yapfuura. Nokuda kweizvi, Fourth Panzer Army yeWehrmacht yaifanira kupfuurira mberi kwechikamu pakati peKharkov neKursk, uye ipapo guta raRostov-on-Don rakatorwa, iro rinokosha mazano.

Hondo yeCaucasus

MunaAgasti 1942, mauto eFascist Germany akabata "Shelter yegumi neimwe", iyo yakakwirira yepamusoro yehotera iri muU.SR, iyo yakasvika pakakwirira mamita 4130, iyo iyo NKVD mauto akazvidzivirira (vazhinji vevakasara vehondo idzi vakazopiwa mharidzo "Nokudzivirirwa kweCaucasus"). Vakamisa mureza weTatu Reich ikoko. Chiitiko ichi chakasimbiswa munyika mukudhinda sekuguma kwekutora kweCaucasus, uye Hauptmann Heinz Groth, uyo akaita basa iri, akapiwa Hitler 's Knight's Cross.

Mushure memwedzi mushure mezvakatsanangurwa zviitiko zvinoshamisa, mauto eGermany akatora akawanda eguta reNovorossiysk, uye mushure mechinguva Sanichar neMarukha kupfuura nzvimbo yeCaucasian ridge. Zvisinei, kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, kufambira mberi kwavo kwakaderera, uye zvakanyatsomiswa nezvikamu zveSoviet. Kusvikira pakuguma kwa1942, chikero chemasimba chakaramba chiri mberi, icho chakavhuniwa semugumisiro wekubudirira kwemauto eSoviet kuSalalingrad. Somugumisiro, kwaiva nekutyisidzira kwekukomba kwemauto we Wehrmacht muCaucasus, izvo zvakakonzera kushushikana kweGermany General Staff.

Kutarisana kwemauto eSoviet

Zviito zvemauto makuru muCaucasus zvakatangwa kubva pakutanga kwaJanuary 1943. Somugumisiro, mauto we Wehrmacht akamanikidzwa kudzokera kuitira kuti arege kutenderera. Kwapera vhiki shomanana, masoja eSoviet akakwanisa kurasa mauto we Wehrmacht kumadokero kweRostov-on-Don, uye hafu yekutanga yaFebruary yakarongedzwa nekuuya kwemauto munzvimbo yeNovorossiysk. Nokudaro, chimwe chinyorwa che "Small Land" chakaonekwa, icho chakaita basa guru mukusunungurwa kweNovorossiysk, kurwisana kwakaguma kusvika pakati paSeptember. Nenzira, kwaiva ipapo apo Leonid Brezhnev akazviisa pachake, uyo akagamuchirawo medal "Nokudzivirirwa kweCaucasus", iyo mari yazvino inogona kudzidziswa kubva ku Falerist.

Mukufananidza, kubvira munaEpril, imwe yehondo huru dzehondo munhoroondo yehondo yakaitika mudenga pamusoro peKuban, zvichibva pane izvo vaSoviet vashanduri varo vakashandura mamiriro acho ezvinhu uye vakabata kukundwa kukuru kune mauto eRuffewaffe.

Musi waSeptember 3, Hitler akamanikidzwa kupa mutemo wekurumidza kudzokera mauto eGermany kumunharaunda yeCrimea. Nokudaro, musi waOctober 9, 1943, zvikwata zveRKK zvakanga zvakatora zvakakwana Taman, kureva kuti, chiitiko chakaitika iyo vazhinji vezvakaitika kare vezvematongerwo enyika vanofunga kuti ndiwo mugumo chaiwo wehondo ine ropa uye inotyisa yeCaucasus. Mhedzisiro yakadaro yehondo yakabata basa guru mukuguma kwemasangano eTranscaucasian eU.SR. Kunyanya, vaidzivisa basa. Mukuwedzera, kubudirira kweuto reSoviet kwakadzivisa kupinda muhondo yeTurkey, tarota kwenguva refu yakaropafadzwa yekuwedzera miganhu yayo nekudhura kwenharaunda yeSoviet Union.

Mipiro: medal "Nokudzivirirwa kweCaucasus" (ruzivo rwehuwandu)

Munyori wemifananidzo iyi muenzi N. I. Moskalev. Mubayiro wacho wakagadzwa muna May 1944. Mushonga unofanirwa kupfekedzwa kurutivi rworuboshwe rwechipfuva uye, kana iyo inopiwa kune mamwe mimwe mikana yeU.SR, inowanikwa mushure mokunge mhuru yakapiwa kune avo vatori vekuzvidzivirira kweKiev. Maererano nedaibhuku rinowanika panguva yekupembererwa kwemakore makumi mana ekutonga kukuru, huwandu hwevanhu 870 000 veSoviet vakahuwana.

Mitemo yepamutemo

Uyu mubairo wakaendeswa kune vashumiri vose veRed Army, ye NKVD neSoviet Navy, uyewo vamiririri vevanhu vasiri vanhu vakatora zvakananga mukudzivirira kweCaucasus. Maererano nekugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa kwayo, chikonzero chei ichi chaive dhesi iyo yakanyatsozivikanwa kuti inobatanidzwa mukurwisana munharaunda. Mipiro yacho yakatumirwa panzvimbo yePresidium ye Supreme Council.

Medals "Nokuda kwekudzivirirwa kweCaucasus" yakanga yakatarirwa kuvarwi avo vakanyatsopindira mukudzivirira kweCaucasus kwemwedzi mitatu, uye kubva munaJuly 1942 kusvika munaOctober 1943. Kana zviri zvevanhu, mubayiro wacho wakagamuchirwa nevanhu vaipindira muhondo, pamwe chete nevaya vakavaka migwagwa yekudzivirirwa uye nhare, kutanga muna autumn muna 1941. Kufanana nemimwe mibairo yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, iyo medal "Nekudzivirirwa kweCaucasus" haisati yabudiswa. Ichokwadi ndechokuti vanenge vose avo vanofanirwa kushandiswa vakagamuchira, kusanganisira mberi.

Medals yekudzivirira kweCaucasus: tsanangudzo

Uyu mubairo muhupimo uye hukuru (denderedzwa nehupamhi hwe 3.2 cm) yakafanana kune vamwe vakawanda vakagadzirwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, uye yakaitwa nendarira.

Pamukamu wepamusoro wezvakakonzera kune gomo reElbrus, pamakumbo aro - masvingo emafuta, akapfuura apo boka rematangi riri kufamba, pamusoro pepamusoro pemakomo - zvikara zvebhururuka dzinobhururuka. Mubairo wacho unopedzerwa neganda rine gara rezvikamu zvemazambiringa nemaruva, mukati mazvo, kumusoro, pane nyeredzi nyeredzi shanu. Pasi penhenda ndeyekunyorwa kwe "USSR", uye pakati pematare - chikwere uye nyundo. Pasi pemugarani pachitenderera kune tsamba dzakakwidziridzwa, kupeta mumutsara unoti "KUTI KUFUNGA KWAKASASASASI". Kana iri reverse, yakaitwa mumutauro wemutauro uye pairi unogona kuverenga shanduro ye "SOVHURI HOMELAND", pamusoro payo pane chifananidzo chekoko uye nyundo yakakwirira kumusoro kwepamusoro.

Tape

Iyo mhete ine zviduku zvakasenderedzwa maziso, iyo, uyewo nhete yendarira ine simba yakabatanidzwa nehombodo yepentagonal, iyo yakafukidzwa neyirire yakagadzirwa sirikiti yemuorivhi-ruvara , 2.4 masendimita.pamusoro pamiganhu kune mabhanhire ebhuruu, uye mukati-mavara maviri machena (yakafara mapepa ose - 2 mm).

Mhedziso "Nokudzivirirwa kweCaucasus", mutengo wazvino uripo kubva pa700 kusvika ku2000 rubles, unogona kuva chifukidzo chekusanganiswa kwevamwe vatendi.