Maria Raevskaya: Biography, upenyu hwomunhu. Volkonskaia Maria Nikolaevna

Izvi tetepa uye musikana wakanaka pamwe curls dema guru bvudzi dzakakundwa mwoyo Pushkin pachake, uyo vaiona naye neMuse yake nhetembo. Writer Nikolai Nekrasov immortalized mufananidzo wake usingafi nhetembo "vakadzi Russian". Zvinonzi mune basa iri, iye rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama hunhu vakadzi Decembrists, uyo anoenda wakaora kuzvipira nokuda mhuri. Maria Raevskaya, anokudzwa pakuberekwa akamboda kuudza akaoma mugumo wake uye vakamutevera kuSiberia. Ichokwadi, zvinofanira aionekwa chiito heroism, izvo zvinogona kuita chete ako vaaida. Uye kunyange kana iye asina ruzivo kuti Prince Volkonsky zvakadzama manzwiro, asi chikwereti vake Maria Raevskaya kuzadziswa. Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro Biography rimwe noblewoman? Funga mubvunzo uyu zvizere.

Makore uduku uye kuyaruka

Volkonskaia Maria Nikolaevna (Nee Raevskaya) akaberekwa musi waJanuary 6, 1806 mu munda funnels Chernigov province. baba vake (Nicholas) aiva nomukurumbira mukuru uyo akatora mugove zvikuru rutsigiro rwemauto kuti mukupera rechi18 - kwezana remakore rechi19.

Amai (Sophia Alexeyevna) ari ukama musayendisiti Mihailom Lomonosovym. Vabereki vanoita zvose zvakafanira kuna Maria Raevskaya vakagamuchira akarerwa zvakakodzera uye dzidzo mukati pamasvingo Manor. Mhuri kazhinji muKiev uye St. Petersburg, aiva pedyo ukama vakadzidza uye vakangwara. Somuyaruki, Maria zvakanaka vakadzidza kutamba mumhanzi pamusoro piyano uye nyanzvi mitauro inoverengeka, aida kuverenga bhuku kubva pamba raibhurari. Baba namai maziso Masha vake ikava tetepa uye musikana wakanaka ane kumeso uye zvishoma vanozvikudza gait. Ndosaka namashanu Maria Raevskaya akaita irregularly vachirova pamwoyo nyanduri kukuru. Iye chaizvo akava kunamata kwake.

Volkonskie Pushkin

About ushamwari Alexander Sergeyevich Rajewski zvakanyorwa zvizhinji. Asi paakasvika azvizive - harusati kuzivikanwa. Chose nhengo yemhuri nhetembo dzavo zvakanakisisa, usativanzira kuti vanozvikudza ushamwari navo. The nyanduri ari detembo rwakazvitsaurira kuna Vladimir Davydov, noruremekedzo anodana mhuri imwe Russian mukuru "Rajewski wangu ...". Uye akatarisira pfuma funnels yakawanda tsamba. Pushkin vakafukidzwa anotaura mhuri nhetembo yake. Vamwe zvifananidzo usingafi nhetembo "Eugene Onegin" iri debited zvakananga kubva Rayevskys nehanzvadzi.

Alexander, vachitaura mhuri nhengo Borodino hondo, aida kuziva uzivi uye yakadzika zvakavanzika vakadzidza Russian remakore rechi19. The nyanduri vaifamba Rajewski wakati agara Crimea, kuCaucasus, kumaodzanyemba kweRussia.

Mwanasikana yakakurumbira mukuru uye nyanduri kukuru

Zviri ikozvino pachena kuti pakanga pasina masanga kuti Mary Raevskaya muna Pushkin muupenyu.

Kunyange 1820 mudetembi akaenda parwendo kuenda Caucasus Rajewski. Akanga 15, iye - 21. Maria Nikolaevna akayeuka sei, kana kufamba ngoro nemukoma wake, governess, uye Pushkin, vakarega kuyemura gungwa. The musikana aida kuwana pedyo nemvura, uye jaya Alexander, kutotarisira wake chido, vakamutevera. zvairatidza nyanduri yake nyama zvino anorondedzera muchitsauko "Eugene Onegin" rokutanga:

"... Ndinorangarira gungwa pamberi dutu:
Ndingaita shanje nemafungu,
Kumhanya mutsara chisimba
With rudo nhema patsoka dzake! "

Uyu unongova mumwe zhinji zvimedu, zvichiratidza kuti Maria Raevskaya muna Pushkin zvechokwadi vaitamba gitare kutanga ...

chisingakanganwiki rwokuparidza

Zvino pakava kudanana rwendo Gurzuf. Mudetembi uye mhuri Rayevskys akagara kuruoko kwoumbozha neimba yose Duke pakati Richelieu.

Picturesque hunhu - makomo, gungwa, girini mapindu - vaipikisa dzorudo, uye, chokwadi, Alexander akatanga kuratidza kufarira Maria Nikolaevna. Asi kwete kwaari oga. hanzvadzi wake bewitches Pushkin kuti uduku uye runako. Kunyanya mwanasikana mukuru Nikolai Nikolaevich, akanga pachisikirwo aizvininipisa uye chakakomba mudzimai. Days hwapera Rayevskys mumhuri Gurzuf, taifara vari nyanduri huru upenyu. Akafarira kuverenga General womwanasikana nhetembo, akakurukura navo mabasa Byron uye Voltaire.

Hazvina kushanda kunze ...

Asi kana ndave pedyo napedyo Pushkin uye Mary Raevskaya? Rudo nyaya vaviri, Chokwadi, kuziva wose vayemura tarenda Nyanduri. Zvisinei, kunze ushamwari, simba uye nemanzwiro nokuda Aleksandru Sergeevichu mudzimai ramangwana Decembrist zvaaiwana. Uyezve, Maria akaona kuti vechiduku Alexander sezvo hanya nehanzvadzi yake. Asi naivowo havana kutora nyanduri vanozvikoshesa. Asi nhetembo Pushkin kuna Maria Raevskaya chaizvo. Aiyemura nzira Alexander nounyanzvi nyanzvi kukwanisa senhetembo uye papepa manzwiro uye manzwiro. Achiri muduku Masha chitandadzo zvishoma nezvishoma kukava rudo rwechokwadi. Uye Pushkin, ari kunyara pamwe chinhu chake chido, zvichida, pakupedzisira, angatsunga kutaura nezvemanzwiro avo, asi reciprocity kumbobvira kubudirira. Gare gare Alexander Akanyatsofunga ainetseka pamusoro rusina kukwana mberi rudo, izvo, chokwadi, zvinoratidzwa basa rake.

Kuti kunongova neimwe chete "The Tsime Bakhchisarai", izvo, maererano Gustav Olizara akava wakajeka kuzvitsaurira kuna Maria Nikolaevna. Pushkin akaramba kutaura neMuse ake muSt Petersburg uye Moscow.

Asi, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, paiva nguva apo Raevskaya haana hanya munyori "Evgeniya Onegina". Ndiwo hafu wokutanga 20s, apo Maria Nikolaevna uye Alexander Pushkin muna Odessa musangano. Nguva pfupi asati kuti, iye akanyora tsamba Pushkin, izvo akabvuma kuti zvikuru kushayikwa munzanga yake. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo Pushkin akanga akarasika kufarira anoverengeka mumamiziyamu ayo uye akasarudza amuudze mune munhu. Iye akaita saizvozvo. Pashure paizvozvo, Maria Raevskaya, Biography chine mugove dzinonakidza uye zvinoshamisa chokwadi, kuenda kuna Odessa kuna Kiev.

Last nguva mudetembi akasangana neMuse ake chando 1826, nguva pfupi asati wake kuenda muutapwa. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi Maria Raevskaya muna Pushkin muupenyu vakasiya chavangayeukwa guru.

zvikundikane murume

Zvisinei, mukuedza kuhwina pfungwa wechidiki Masha Alexander Sergeyevich kamwechete mukwikwidzi. Tiri kutaura pamusoro Polish count Gustav Olizara kuti, sezvo Pushkin, akadzidza nhetembo. Jinda yakanga yakarohwa chitarisiko Maria Nikolaevna. Muna 1824 iye kunyange Woo musikana, asi Nikolai inoshora pfungwa iyi, nokuti akatambudzika zvikuru Polish midzi zvinogona muroora.

Zvino Pushkin Aigara akasangana ishamwari yake, uye akataura naye pamusoro mabhuku nyaya. Uye kana zvisakadaro, asi Poles Olizara mwanasikana General Rajewski haana dzakawedzerwa kunzwa rudo, uye iye akagumbuka chaizvo nezvazvo. Maria Nikolaevna aisada kusungirira kutapwa kwavo "akananga" vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata nokuti zvakava kusawirirana zvakare yakadzika iri Russian uye nzira muchiPolish upenyu.

muchinda

Kwapera nguva, iko kutapwa achauyisa Mariyu Raevskuyu pamwe matatu namatanhatu Prince Sergei Volkonsky rweberere mhuri chakanaka. In hwake akashanda ari refutenendi of Life Guards vamabhiza hondo. Noruzivo zvehondo, Volkonskiy tsime hondo 1806-1807 wacho. Akabva muchirongwa First World War uye dzimwe danidziro. Kukurira chinzvimbo zvavo, Volkonskiy vadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Mukutanga 20-ies muchinda akapiwa murayiro yose inifanduri nokupesana. Basa rake rehondo aigona shanje chero mukuru. The chete chiitiko kuti akasara Sergei Grigorievich, ndechokuti akanga akatungamirira upenyu tsvimborume wacho, kunyange zvazvo akanga ari thirties ake. Iye, kufanana vakawanda Russian vepamusoro, Vaigara Masonic vadzimu.

Prince aiva nhengo weSouthern muvanhu, uye kazhinji vakashanyira guta riri Neva River nokuda Nhaurirano. Uye pamwechete navo ake akanga yakakurukura pfungwa kuparadzwa madzimambo uye kugadzwa munyika Republican chehurumende.

muchato

Muna 1824, Sergei G. kurumidzai Kiev "bhizimisi rinokosha chaizvo." Aida kuita pa Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya uye vaitarisira kuti baba vake vacharopafadza mubatanidzwa wavo. Muchinda aiziva mhuri General Rajewski uye vanonakidzwa kugara mazita avo, dzimwe nguva kusika "rinobva muzvirongwa", izvo chokwadi vaiva misangano nenhengo Masonic Lodge. Akabvunza ake komuredhi Orlov chikumbiro kwaari Nikolai Nikolaevich, uye ona kana achibvumirana kupa akaroorwa Maria Nikolaevna. Muchinda Rajewski pakupedzisira akazvidemba nokuti mamiriro ezvemari mhuri yake chakazunguzirwa zvakakomba, uye Volkonsky akanga ari mupfumi. Kunyange zvazvo Maria Nikolaevna hapana akanzwa kuti Sergei Grigorievich, akasarudza zvinodiwa nababa vake. Nokuti avo mhuri zvavanofarira, izvozvo akabayirwa pacharo. Uye, pashure musangano pamwe Pushkin muna Odessa upenyu hwake kusvika pamwero nayo vakarasika zvarinoreva.

Vamwe nguva pashure muchato wake Volkonskaia Maria Nikolaevna akanga kurwara, uye rokudzorera utano, aifanira kuenda Odessa. Prince kumuperekedza asingagoni nekuda kwebasa. Hongu, uye sungano pakunamata pakati Sergei Grigorievich uye mwanasikana Rajewski akasimuka. Aisagona hanya naye, kunyange panguva muchindakadzi aiva nepamuviri. Kuberekwa yakanga yakaoma uye aiva inokanganisa utano Maria Nikolaevna.

Chimbichimbi dambudziko kutenderera

Zvino iye akaona pamusoro kusungwa wake. Unoranganawo akatambura hasha wematambudziko: mambo akarayira kuti kuutapwa navo kuSiberia. Sergei Volkonsky makore 20 zvakaoma. Mary vakasarudza kusiya murume wake uye vakamutevera.

Zvisinei, vabereki vane dzinonetsa zvikuru nemafungiro ayo basa. Asi Volkonskaia Maria Nikolaevna (mudzimai Decembrist), nhaka unhu yababa vake, akaratidza kuvimbika uye mafungiro ehama dzavo kuteerera. Akashanyira uye Blagodatskikh angu uye Petrovsky fekitari, uye Chita. Mwanasikana General Rajewski yakagovana nemurume wake vose nematambudziko nhapwa upenyu. Zvechokwadi zvakakomba uye nematambudziko vakatambura Volkonskaia Maria. Children muchindakadzi akafa: kutanga, Nicholas ikagara kutarisirwa hama, uye makore maviri gare gare, uye mwanasikana Sophia, uyo akaberekwa kuutapwa. Mumatsutso 1829, akafa General Nikolai Nikolaevich Rajewski.

In Irkutsk, Maria akagara mumba meya. Muhafu yechipiri yezana yechi30 Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaia nomurume wake nevana vakatamira kugara mumusha Urik, yaiva kure Irkutsk.

The-refu akamirirwa rusununguko

Chete muna 1856 Volkonsky akabvumira ruregero kudzokera kumusha. Pakazosvika nguva Maria Nikolaevna utano yave vasanyanya zvakakomba. Tasvika kubva kuSiberia, akatanga kunyora autobiographical netsamba. "Netsamba" varo vakanga republished nguva zhinji.

rufu

Princess haana 10 August 1863. Doctors chirwere mwoyo wake chirwere. Maria Nikolaevna akavigwa ake chizvarwa musha Funnels Chernigov province.