Duchess Maria Volkonskaia: Biography, mapikicha, makore oupenyu

Nhoroondo Russian rakazara vakadzi zvinoshamisa, mazita avo haana chete mumapeji mukatushura mabhuku, asiwo vanhu ndangariro. Mumwe wavo - Mary Volkonskaia. Iye - guru-muzukurusikana M. V. Lomonosova, mwanasikana gamba hondo 1812 uye mukadzi Decembrist.

Duchess Maria Volkonskaia: pfupi Biography

January 6, 1807 panguva General Nikolaya Raevskogo wake Sophia mwanasikana Masha. Mhuri yaiva huru (vana vatanhatu) uye ushamwari, pasinei hasha naamai nekuomarara yababa. Hanzvadzi aida kutamba mumhanzi, uye Mary vakaimba yakanaka, uye mumba dzinowanzoendwa vaenzi. Kusanganisira A. S. Pushkin kuti kunyange vamwe nguva yave kuda Masha gumi.

Winter 1825 Mary akaroora kure kusvikira makore 37 okuberekwa Prince Sergeya Volkonskogo. Kwete nokuti rudo, asi kwete nesimba.

Pamwechete nokusingaperi-vakabatikana murume kashoma kuona, idangwe wake akazvara kubva kumurume. Uye chikamu yomuchinda nevapanduki yakawanikwa shure akatadza chimurenga. Pashure pokutongwa wake Maria Volkonskaia paakasvika mvumo kumutevera kuSiberia. Chiito ichi vasina atora mhuri yake, asi nokufamba kwenguva, kunyange baba shure kubatwa naye nokunzwisisa.

Kuperekedza murume ane zvakasiyana mujeri, Maria Nikolaevna aigara Blagodatnoye zvangu Chita musi Petrovsky fekitari uye Irkutsk, ndarasika madzungairiro izvi vana vakawanda.

Mumhuri yakabudirira uye vakapfuma, Princess Maria Volkonsky Decembrist mukadzi, noushingi akatsungirira matambudziko oupenyu angaratidza, kumbogunun'una, aine mumwe uye kurera vana. Vakasara.

Makore 30 aipedza nomurume wake kuSiberia uye akadzokera kumba chete muna 1855. Muna 1863 Maria Nikolaevna vakafa nechirwere chemwoyo mu munda wake mwanasikana mumusha funnels, uye gore papera pedyo naye akavigwa uye murume wake.

Character, kufanana simbi

Princess Maria Volkonsky - mumwe akasimba uye isingachinjiki vanhu, kunyange mumazana emakore kumbomira vanofarira uye kurudzira kuremekedzwa. Zvinonzi kusiyaniswa yezvakaita simba uye chido kutevera neururami dzavo, regai vanowanzotevedzera chinhu.

Dzabudapo greenhouses, pasi bapiro zvakasimba asi hanya uye rudo baba, Maria Nikolaevna, kuwana vachizvirova aakatipa ezvinhu, kwete basa, haana kutevera pfungwa kwenyika uye kuda chizvarwa.

Sezvo kaiziva kusungwa wake, chete akapora kubva pakuberekwa zvakaoma Maria categorically vakaramba dzaita kuti vanodimbura muchato rababa kumuchinda uye akaenda St. Petersburg, achitarisira kuona murume wake. Izvi chaitadzisa hama dzake dzose, uye tsamba kumurume intercepted akazarura. Kakawanda hama Alexander aiedza kumuwana kubva St. Petersburg, asi akasiya Volkonskaia chete kana mwanakomana achirwara.

Uye shure kutongwa, panguva iyo Prince Volkonsky akatongerwa kuutapwa uye rakaoma, Mary anotendeukira kuna mambo kuti kwaari kuperekedza murume wake. Kana mvumo chakabvumwa, hazvina kuita kutyisidzirwa kana baba kana mai chituko. Kusiya mwana wake wokutanga muroora, Volkonskaia akaenda kuSiberia.

Zvakanga chairo, izvo zvakaita musikana ane makore 18 okuberekwa kuti kodzero ave nomurume wake kwete chete nomufaro asi kusuwa. Uye Maria Nikolaevna akakunda hondo iyi, pasinei nokuti iye kutsauka, kunyange kubva mai vake, havana kumunyorera mutsetse kuSiberia. Uye kana Nikolay Raevsky pakuguma hwake akakwanisa kunzwisisa kwake mwanasikana chiito, kuti amai haana akavakanganwira.

"In pakadzika kuSiberia ores ..."

Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti unogona kufamba mazana emakiromita munguva yechando mutende. Asi Volkonskaya haana kutyiswa kana kutonhora, kana mufaro mahotera, kana murombo muviri, nokutyisidzira Tseydlera mubati Irkutsk. Uye kuti murume ari kwakandionza jasi mhando uye vakazunza ngetani, uye Maria Nikolaevna mune zvokunamata chido ikasawira mabvi ake uye anotsvoda namaketani mutsoka dzake.

Yakapfuura Volkonskaya kuSiberia nomurume wake akauya Ekaterina Trubetskaya, uyo akava Mary uye shamwari mukuru uye shamwari. Zvino vakadzi vaviri ava vakanga vakabatana nevamwe vakadzi 9 Decembrists.

Havasi vose vaiva huru, asi aigara chaizvo zvine rugare, uye noblewoman akadzidza nomwoyo wose kuna prostolyudinok uchenjeri hwenyika, nokuti kazhinji havazivi kuti inokosha - kubheka chingwa kana kuti muto. Zvino sei kufara madzimai avo Decembrists concoction, izvo kudziyirwa uye vakaramba kupisa mweya vakadzi ava.

Munguva ichangopfuura iyi vasine aristocrat Maria Volkonskaia kunyange vakakwanisa kuhwina rudo vemo vanhuwo zvavo uye vanhuwo angaratidza, izvo zvakabatsira, kazhinji kupedza mari wokupedzisira.

Zvino vatapwa vaibvumirwa kutamira Irkutsk, musha Volkonsky uye Trubetskoy vakava chaivo tsika nzvimbo.

Danai mwoyo kana panguva behest chikwereti?

Kune nyaya dzakawanda uye mabhuku Rakakwanira mukadzi uyu zvinoshamisa, akanga asiri chete muduku pakati vakadzi Decembrists, asi mumwe wokutanga uyo akamboda saka zvinoshamisa panguva chiito. Zvisinei, kwete chete aya anofadza Maria Volkonskaia, Biography izvo zvichiri chinokwezva pfungwa nevatsvakurudzi.

Pane Dzidziso Yakapararira kuti Maria Nikolaevna murume haana rudo. Uye handina kukwanisa rudo, nekuti muchato yakanga haawanzotauri vanoziva nayo, uye ipapo kwegore akararama nomuchinda nomusi simba mitatu, uye kunyange ipapo kashoma akamuona.

Chii zvino chakaita Volkonskaya kuzobayira dzavo zvakanaka uye upenyu nevana asati aberekwa? tinonzwa wake chete?

Pane imwe pfungwa. Maria Volkonskaia, kana asina aida murume kokutanga, ipapo vanoremekedza uye kunyange kuyemurwa kwake akakura kuva norudo. Mumashoko Shakespeare: "Iye akamuda nokuda kudya ..."

A zvichibvira kodzero musayendisiti anozivikanwa netsika Lotman, uyo aidavira kuti madzimai Decembrists - vakanatswa Vakadzi vakanga akakurira dzorudo enganonyorwa uye kurota zvakapembererwa muzita rudo - kuti mudzidziso muupenyu hwake uchidanana zvinangwa.

"Diary pamusoro Maria Nikolayevna Volkonsky"

Paakadzokera kumba, Princess Volkonsky akataura pamusoro hwake kuSiberia mu "Notes". Vakanga akanyorwa French uye chinangwa kungotaurwa kuti mwanakomana wake Michael.

Pashure ramai vake rufu akanga asina vaizeza muzviparidze, asi vachiri kushandurirwa mumutauro wokuRussia, uye kunyange verenga zvishomanana N. A. Nekrasovu. Entries akaita pamusoro nyanduri chaizvo chaizvo, iye kunyange akadanidzira apo kuteerera upenyu angaratidza nemadzimai avo.

"Netsamba" dzakabudiswa muna 1904 mu yakanakisisa zvokudhinda imba St. Petersburg - musi zvinodhura pepa etchings uye phototypes.

Maonero vakararama uye nezvizvarwa

By Zvakaitwa Decembrists, uyo akasarudza vachishora zvakatsaurwa netsika youmambo simba, chinogona kurapwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Asi kuita 11 vakadzi vavo, vakatevera mhosva varume vari kure uye rinotyisa kweSiberia Zvechokwadi vakakodzera kuremekedzwa.

Atova XIX remakore, mberi nhengo vanhu akapa vakadzi ava zvinenge halos yavatsvene. N. A. Nekrasov akanga akatsaurira nhetembo yake "vakadzi Russian", iro wairatidza chaiwoiwo zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa Mary Volkonskaya.

In XX remakore, pamusoro vakadzi Decembrists akanyora mabhuku kwesayenzi uye rikava, akaita mafirimu, vakavaka zvivako Somuenzaniso, muna Chita uye Irkutsk.

Maria Volkonskaia, Biography iyo zvinoratidzwa "Notes", uye kuti musi unogara nhamba dzepamusorosoro pakati vakadzi Decembrists nokuda hwake uye zvinoshamisa simba coherent.