Trophic pamwero - ane chinhu chuma chikafu

Kudzidza biotic maumbirwo zvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti zvose zvipenyu zviduku mavari vari yabuda mu chuma zvokudya. Uye ngetani aya neimwe zvinhu zvipenyu izvi zvinogona kurondwa shure zvikuru. Maererano iye nefuma ndiye tsime simba, uyewo chivakwa zvinhu inofamba kubva muviri mumwe. Ndiyo imwe nhengo anodya mumwe, uye iniwo unoparadza wechitatu. Heuno muenzaniso nyore zvakadaro ngetani uswa - mhou - munhu.

Uye zvose nengetani izvi kashoma kure nemumwe - vane pakubatana chimwe padandemutande zvokudya zvose. Relationships mumidziyo izvi zvikuru kunzwisisa. Somuenzaniso, herbivores kudya miriwo anoverengeka kwemarudzi. Uye zvikara Uyewo haana chaizvo picky pakusarudza nyama kwavo kudya. Asi, pasinei nokuti izvi zvokudya Matandira dzakawanda uye vane zvose zvikuru dzakasiyana - vanogona kuva vakakodzera kupinda rimwe zano. Uye zano ichi sokunge ichi: mitema - chikuru vatengi - yechipiri vatengi - tertiary consuments - propagator. Uye propagator nguva dzose pakupera ngetani zvokudya uye yevatengi pangava wandei. zvidzidzo zvose izvi zvinonzi trophic siyana.

Kureva, kubva esayenzi maonero, ari trophic pamwero - ndiyo yose akagadzirwa zvipenyu kutora zvokudya Web imwe nzvimbo. Uye chaiye mararamiro kuverenga hapana kupfuura 3-4 idzi siyana. Yokutanga trophic pamwero - ichi zvechokwadi ndiyo chirimwa. Sezvo vose vanotanga zvokudya cheni. The trophic pamwero yechipiri inogarwa phytophagous, ndizvo herbivorous. It consuments wokutanga murayiro uye kudya chete kasvisto.

Wechitatu trophic pamwero inogarwa vatengi pamusoro 2nd kurongeka. Ndivo zvikara vanodya chete herbivores. Uyezve, pangava euryphages, ndizvo omnivorous. Vanogona zvakafanana dzinofambiswa chirimwa, uye mhuka zvokudya. Izvi zvinosanganisira nguruve, makava, makonzo, mapete zvakadai. Man kwagara ariwo euryphages. panguva ino pamwero kunogonawo kuva consuments uye kurongeka rechitatu - ndivo zvikara kuti zvokudya chete carnivores.

Uye vokupedzisira trophic pamwero inowanzopiwa inogarwa decomposers, semuna heterotrophic zvinenge. Ivo kuparadza, mineralizing uye destructuring zvinhu zvipenyu tsvina. Pashure dzavo "basa" kuwana nyore chicherwa yeimwe. A decomposers zvinozoita akakamurwa makirasi maviri. detritus ichi - mhuka vanopiwa zvakananga Organic residues uye zvinenge akafa. Izvi zvinosanganisira magora, magora, makava, mapere, earthworms nevamwe "scavengers".

Uyewo kureva decomposers uye destructors. Ivo vakafa kare yaora "Organic" riri inorganic yeimwe. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vanotsigira dzinotsanagura manyowa uye putrefaction. Izvi zvinosanganisira utachiona uye hunokuvadza. Uye izvi zvose trophic ngetani zvakarongwa kuitira kuti vaburitsi, vatengi uye decomposers kuburikidza navo dyidzana kunyatsotevera. Vanochengeta kuvimbika uye nemamiriro biocenosis, ekufambisa pamwe zvinhu uye simba Rwako. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti mutemo kwezvakatipoteredza.

Yakanyatsotsanangura munhu trophic zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza hurongwa mamiriro anogona achimiririrwa chepiramidhi simba runoyerera. Its chikonzero muri vaburitsi kana 1st trophic chechetere. Asi vose vaivapo siyana ndivo mapuriro uye musoro chepiramidhi. Uye mumwe nomumwe izvi siyana ndiyo chekubuda simba. The simba kuti anobva rimwe yakati sandara, simba iri mazano inotevera. Uye chikonzero chikuru chakadaro shoma trophic siyana mune mumwe mararamiro ndechokuti rebei chikamu simba panguva kuchinja kwakadaro akarasika. Pane mutemo 10%, uye maererano zviri chete uwandu anobatsira simba iri kune chinotevera padanho. Uye 10% - ndiro kunonyanyisa nhamba. Mune dzimwe zvinhu zvipenyu, kushanda zvakanaka kwakadaro akaenzana chete muzana.