East European kuchikuva: pezvakaita mamiriro enzvimbo. Mineral pfuma East European papuratifomu

Vazhinji European nharaunda kweRussia, uyewo dzimwe nyika yakavakidzana iri dziri nzvimbo dzenyika nechepasi, unonzi East-European papuratifomu. Landform pano kunyanya sandara, kunyange pane kunze, izvo isu kurukura pazasi. Chikuva Uyu mumwe mukuru panyika Geological idzodzo. Ngatitorei kunyatsoongorora, ndiko kusunungurwa kubva East European Platform, izvo zvicherwa iiswe mairi, uyewo chii muitiro waro inotungamirwa.

nzvimbo

Chokutanga, tsvakai kupi chaizvoizvo izvi Geological inotungamirwa.

East European kuchikuva yekare, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, Russian papuratifomu, iri munzvimbo Nzvimbo nzvimbo Eastern uye Northern Europe. It inoremekedzwa dzakawanda European chikamu Russia, uyewo nharaunda inotevera dzakavakidzana: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, chikamu Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan uye Norway.

Kuchamhembe-kumadokero East-European yekare papuratifomu kunosvika kune paumbwe Caledonian orogeny muNorway, pamusoro wayo wokumabvazuva muganhu wacho Ural makomo, kuchamhembe - kweArctic Ocean, kurutivi rwezasi Black Sea uye kweGungwa reCaspian, uyewo mezvikomo ari Carpathians, muCrimea uye Caucasus (muSitiya chitofu).

The zvachose nzvimbo kuchikuva iri ba anenge 5500. M. ? km.

The nhoroondo

Tectonic landforms East European Platform vari pakati mukuru munyika yose Geological idzodzo. Izvi imhaka yokuti kuchikuva achiri imomo pre-yeCambrian nguva.

Asati paumbwe imwe chete world- kondinendi Pangea ndima Russian pachikuva yaiva yoga kondinendi - Baltika. Pakaparara Pangea Chikuva chaiva chikamu Laurasia, uye pashure kupatsanurwa yokupedzisira - chikamu Eurasia, inova nhasi.

Munguva iyi, paumbwe akanga inotaurwa sedimentary matombo kuti hunovapo nenzira iyi zororo vokumabvazuva European papuratifomu.

kuchikuva

Kufanana zvose platforms vekare, mujinga East European ndiye crystalline bhesimendi. Pamusoro paro pamusoro mamiriyoni emakore kuti pave paiva sedimentary namatombo. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nheyo anouya pamusoro, pova crystalline aenzana.

On ndima iyi nhoo vari vaviri (kumaodzanyemba - Ukrainian nhovo kuchamhembe-kumadokero - kuBaltic Shield), iro rinomiririrwa pasi tectonic ndiro mepu.

East European Plain

Imhandoi pemvura ndiye East-European pachikuva? landforms vari kunyanya nemumakomo uye sandarara. It kunoratidzwa ne alternation yakaderera zvikomo (200-300 m) uye pamapani. Avhareji kukwira pamusoro romubani unonzi East-European, ndizvo 170 m.

Eastern European (kana Russian) Plain ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose chinhu romubani mhando muEurope uye mumwe kupfuura munyika. nharaunda yayo inoremekedzwa zvakawanda mundima Russian pachikuva uye ba anenge 4000. M. ? km. It Anotambanudza kubva Sea reBaltic uye Finland uye kusanganisira kumadokero kusvika Mountains Ural kumabvazuva nokuda 2500 km kubva mumakungwa kweArctic Ocean kuchamhembe (Barents uye White) kuna Black, reCaspian uye Azov makungwa kumaodzanyemba 2,700? Km. Panguva iyoyo ndiye chikamu chinotokurudzira pamwero mukuru chirongwa, unonzi Great European Plain amutambanudzira kubva kuAtlantic Ocean uye ichindosvika kuPyrenees Mountains kuFrance kuti Mountains Ural. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, avhareji kureba Russian Plain ndiye 170 metres, asi yakakwirira kwayo rinosvika 479 metres pamusoro pegungwa. It riri muna Russian Federation Bugulma-Bebeley chikomo pamapani Makomo Ural.

Mukuwedzera, munharaunda wokuUkraine nhoo, rinova riri pabani Russian, mufaro pane chimiro goho pakati crystalline matombo papuratifomu zvigadziko panze. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Priazovskaya chikomo, soro pfungwa izvo (Belmak-Tomb) ndiyo 324 metres pamusoro pegungwa.

Hwaro Russian Plain ndiye East-European papuratifomu, riri tectonic chaizvo kare hurongwa. Uye ichi imhaka sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine.

Other ruyamuro zvinhu

Asi Russian Plain haasi chete nenzvimbo sangano rine East-European papuratifomu. Landform pano anotora uye dzimwe mhuka. Izvi zvinonyanya maitiro ari papuratifomu miganhu.

Somuenzaniso, muna zvakanyanyisa kuchamhembe-kumavirira papuratifomu muNorway, Sweden uye Finland ndiye reBaltic crystalline nhovo. Pano, kumaodzanyemba Sweden, yaiva Sredneshvedskaya nokumapani. Its kureba kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira, ukuwo akaenzana 200 km uye 500 km. Altitude pano idukusa 200 m.

Asi kuchamhembe Sweden uye Finland iri rwenze Norland. kunonyanyisa kukwirira kwayo kuri 800 metres pamusoro pegungwa.

Upland kunoratidzwa duku Norwegian nzvimbo iyo inosanganisira East European papuratifomu. Landform zvino anova yemakomo hunhu. Uye hazvishamisi, sezvo chikomo kumavirira zvishoma nezvishoma inova makomo chaizvo, vakatakura zita Air. Asi makomo aya kare zvinobva Caledonian orogeny, kwete chokuita zvakananga avo inorondedzerwa pakudzokorora pachikuva sezvinoratidzwa tectonic mepu.

rwizi

Zvino tora Kutarira huru reservoirs izvo dziri mundima pasi kudzidza papuratifomu. Pashure pezvose, naivowo, ndivo ruyamuro-zvinhu.

Kudeuka rwizi vokuMabvazuva European pachikuva uye yose Europe ndiyo Volga. Its kureba 3530 km uye dziva nzvimbo ba mamiriyoni 1.36. M. ? km. rwizi urwu runoyerera kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, apo ari idzo achiumba runoenzanirana chimiro floodplain ruyamuro Russia. Volga mainozonodira muGungwa reCaspian.

Chimwe chikuru rwizi Russian papuratifomu ndiye Dnieper. Its kureba 2287? Km. Iye, kufanana Volga, inoyerera ichibva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, asi, mukusiyana kuti yakareba hanzvadzi yacho, usingasii kuwira kweGungwa reCaspian neGungwa Black. The rwizi runoyerera nomunharaunda kunyika nhatu: Russia, Belarus uye Ukraine. With inenge hafu kureba kwayo inowira chaicho Ukraine.

Mamwe makuru uye inonyatsozivikanwa nzizi wokuRussia pachikuva kunofanira kusanganisira Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), Southern Bug (806 km), Neva (74 km), mutero kuna Dona Seversky Donets River (1,053 km), mutero of Volga Oka (1499 km) uye Kama (2030 km).

Mukuwedzera, rwezasi-dzokumadokero kupfuura chikamu papuratifomu muGungwa Dema, rwizi Danube. Kureba rwizi urwu rukuru 2960 km asi panenge chose zvinotora isu kudarika miganhu chidzidzo papuratifomu, uye chete muromo Danube iri munharaunda yayo.

munyanza

Pane ari munharaunda Russian chikuva uye dziva. The kupfuura vavo riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweRussia. Zviri Europe guru Freshwater nyanza Ladoga (nzvimbo 17.9 zviuru ba. Km.) Uye Lake Onega (9.7 zviuru ba. Km.).

Mukuwedzera, muna rwezasi Russian Platform yaiva kweGungwa reCaspian, iyo, chokwadi, iri munyu mudziva. Ndicho chikuru mvura muviri munyika kuti haasi kuwana mumakungwa. nzvimbo yacho 371,0 ba. M. ? km.

zvicherwa

Zvino ngationei kuongorora zvicherwa vokuMabvazuva European papuratifomu. Muura nzvimbo iri akafuma kwazvo zvipo. Saka, muna kumabvazuva muUkraine uye kwakadziva kumadokero Russia ndiyo imwe yenyika guru marasha nembiya - Donbass.

On muganhu muUkraine vari zvakare Krivoy Rog simbi uye manganese Nikopol madziva. deposits izvi zvinobatana kuwana pechiso Ukrainian nenhoo. More zvitoro simbi dziri mundima Kursk Magnetic Anomaly muRussia. Zvisinei, hakuna nhovo panze, asi akanyahwaira pedyo chaizvo pemvura.

Munzvimbo yacho reCaspian Basin, uyewo Tatarstan, pane kumbonyanya guru deposits mafuta. Ivowo vari munharaunda kwesango mafuta uye gasi nedunhu muUkraine.

Musi Kola Peninsula apatite dzatangwa kugadzirwa pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona.

Chaizvoizvo, izvi ndizvo chikuru zvicherwa vokuMabvazuva European papuratifomu.

Nevhu yeRussian Platform

Vadanana pane East European pachikuva? Hongu, zviri munzvimbo iyi ndeimwe rakaorera nevhu munyika. Kunyanya zvinokosha ivhu mhando dziri kumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati Ukraine, uyewo munzvimbo Black Earth mudunhu Russia. Dzinonzi dema pasi. Izvi zvinonyanya vadanana munyika.

Forest hwevhu, zvakadai wachena, izvo dziri kuchamhembe chernozems iri zvakati yakaderera.

General zvechadenga papuratifomu

Forms Russian ruyamuro akasiyana zvikuru guru-siyana. Pakati pavo kanoda inogarwa mumapani. Just East European pachikuva pave Europe guru sandara kunzwisisa. Chete pamusoro arikunze anogona kuwanikwa nekaupenyu yakakwirira rwenze. Izvi nokuda kare pamusoro papuratifomu ichi, izvo havachaoni vari orogenic pezvakaitwa uye weathering ndokudzora chikomo kuti aivapo pano mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura.

Nharaunda yacho yakakomborerwa hombe reserves zvicherwa. Kunyanya zvakafanira kuti govera deposits kuti marasha uye simbi mhangura, tichitarisa icho Russian pachikuva mumwe vatungamiriri venyika. Panewo matura mafuta nezvimwe zvicherwa.

Herino vakawanda hunhu inoita East European papuratifomu, ayo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, zvicherwa mudura yomukatikati, uyewo nenzvimbo zviri munharaunda. Zvechokwadi, nyika ino wakaropafadzwa, iyo inopa vagari vayo vose zvakafanira zviwanikwa zvakawanda kuti kana ikashandiswa zvakanaka, achava kiyi kubudirira.