Zvakakurukurwa sechivako epithelial tishu. Characterization pamusoro epithelial munyama

Mumwe mhando zvinyama ane muzvizhinji kuti mamirire zvinhu. Ivo vavete zvechadenga mamiriro, chine functionalities, nezvekwakabva, yezvakaita update mashandiro. Kuti unhu munyama izvi zvinogona kuva pamusoro zvakawanda zvinodiwa, asi rakajairika mabasa morfofunktcionalnaja chavanopinda. kupatsanura kwakadaro kubva zvinyama achibvumira yakakwana uye dzinoshanda maitiro mumwe mhando. Zvichienderana morphological uye dzichipfekeka zvinhu kusiyanisa zvinotevera mhando zvinyama: epithelial (chifukidzo), zvetsandanyama nemapfupa uye huta trophic tsandanyama.

Kunyanya sechivako epithelial zvinyama: mukuru morphological uye dzichipfekeka zviratidzo

Rinoreva kuti epithelium iri boka akamendwa rinoparadzirwa mumuviri. Vanogona dzinosiyana mavambo, kureva kutanga kubva ectoderm, mesoderm kana endoderm, uye mabasa akasiyana mabasa.

A ndandanda zvakafanana morphological uye dzichipfekeka zvinhu hunhu epithelial munyama:

1. ine masero anonzi masero epithelial. Pakati pavo pane kunanga intermembrane pakakoromoka umo hapana intercellular fuma. It, akavapindurawo, ane nadmembranny kunzwisisa (glycocalyx). Zviri kuburikidza masero ake vanopinda nefuma, uye kubudikidza naye zvinobviswa muchitokisi chete.

2. Masero epithelial zvinyama zviri gobvu chaizvo, izvo zvinoita kuti paumbwe akaturikidzana. Hazvina kuvapo kwavo rinobvumira zvinyama kuita mabasa ayo. Nzira masero mumwe anogona kuva akasiyana: Via desmosomes, pakakoromoka kana pedyo vokukurukura.

3. payakabatanidzwa uye epithelial munyama, izvo akaronga chimwe pamusoro mumwe, rwokuyera basal Kamudzira zvinosanganisira mapurotini uye makabhohaidhiretsi. ukobvu wayo 100 nm - 1 micron. Inside epithelia hapana midziyo ropa, uye saka diffusely dzavo dzinofambiswa pedyo zimba membrane.

4. Nokuti epithelial masero dzinoratidzwa morphofunctional polarity. Ndivo basal uye apical danda. Musimboti epithelial masero raiva pedyo basal, uye anenge ose cytoplasm iri apical. Pangava masumbu cilia uye microvilli.

5. Epithelial munyama akasiyana nemano yakajeka kuti panoda. Ivo dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza pamberi hunde, uye kusiyaniswa masero cambium.

Nzira dzakatsaukana kupatsanura

Pakuurayiwa shanduka ari epithelial masero aumba zvimwe masero tishu. basa ravo guru raiva delimitation muviri kubva kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva ino Danho yemhindumupindu of epithelial zvinyama vane akawanda Unoshanda mumuviri. Maererano chikamu ichi, kusiyanisa marudzi aya micheka: integumentary, kubvisa, excretory, uye nezvimwe secretory. Kupatsanura pakati epithelial munyama morphologically kufungawo chimiro uye uwandu epithelial akaturikidzana pakugadzirwa. Saka, govera kuroorwa uye multi-layered epithelial munyama.

Zvinoitwa chete-layer kuroora epithelia

The STRUCTURAL zviri ane epithelial zvinyama, unonzi rimwe-layer iri chokwadi kuti dura chinosanganisira chete rukoko nemasero. Apo vose masero dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza paumbwe imwe yakakwirira kuti vari kutaura rimwe-rukoko chete-musara epithelium. Epithelial kukwirira kunokonzera unozotevera kupatsanura, maererano izvo zvinoratidza kuvapo pamuviri ndege, cubic uye cylindrical (prismatic) chete-musara chete-rukoko epithelium.

Single-rukoko squamous epithelium pakati vemunyika kumatunhu mapapu ari kufema (Formação de), zviduku ducts omumuviri, testes, pakati nzeve mhango, serous membranes (mesothelium). Aumba kubva mesoderm.

Pamwe localization monolayer vari cuboidal epithelium ducts omumuviri uye tubules etsvo. Kukwirira uye upamhi anenge masero izvozvo nuclei vari woita uye dziri nechepakati sero. Mavambo zvingava zvakasiyana.

Izvi rudzi chete-rukoko chete-mutsara epithelial rinenge sechinhu cylindrical (columnar) epithelium, iri nemudumbu, ducts ari mumasero, renal yakaungana ducts. Kukwirira masero zviri kupfuura upamhi. It ane zvakasiyana mavambo.

Zvinoitwa chete-rukoko multi-musara ciliated epithelium

Kana rimwe-rukoko epithelial rinenge anoumba marongera masero zvakakwirira siyana, zvino tiri kutaura pamusoro multi-mutsetse ciliated epithelium. Izvi zvinyama mitsetse pechiso Airways uye zvimwe zvikamu dzokubereka nadzo (seminal turakiti jajtceprovodov) STRUCTURAL zviri epithelial zvinyama mhando ine pakuti masero ayo vari mhando nhatu: pfupi intercalary, refu ciliated uye wakanwa. Vose vari yakarongwa rimwe layer asi masero intercalary havana kusvika yokumusoro kumucheto dura. Kana achikura, ivo kusiyanisa uye vave ciliated kana wakanwa. A chinhu ndiyo kuvapo masero ciliated panguva apical danda kubva vakawanda cilia, masero wakanwa kubereka nebhitumini.

Kupatsanura uye nemamiriro stratified epithelium

masero epithelial zvingaite vakawanda akaturikidzana. Ivo dziri mumwe kupfuura vamwe, saka, zvakananga vachionana yepasi Kamudzira aripo chete panguva chaizvo zvikuru rakamiswa, ari basal rukoko masero epithelial. Rine hunde masero uye cambial. Zvavakanga kusiyanisa, ipapo kutamira outwards. Chokuratidza kuti kupatsanura ndiyo remangwana chimiro masero. Saka govera stratified squamous keratinizing, stratified squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy uye iitike.

Zvinoitwa stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Aumba kubva ectoderm. Kubva zvinyama ichi unotora Epiderme e, inova pose paiva ganda, uye chinouraya chikamu mugaranhoko. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako kwaiita epithelial zvinyama anowanikwa shanu akaturikidzana masero: ari basal, spinous, granular, kupenyerera uye horny.

The basal rukoko ndiyo imwe mumutsara vakareba cylindrical masero. Vanofanira zvakasimba vakasungwa kuti zimba Kamudzira uye anokwanisa bereka. Pakukora ari spinous rukoko kubva 4 kusvika 8 pemitsara masero spiny. Mugore granular rukoko - 2-3 mitsara nemasero. masero Epithelial vane flattened chimiro, batana core. Shiny rukoko - nhamba masero kufa 2-3. Pedyo pemvura stratum corneum, rinoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji pakati pemitsara (100) anoumba munhu sandara masero akafa. Ichi chikero horny, umo mune puroteni puroteni.

Mashandiro zvinyama iri kudzivirira yakadzika nyama pamusoro kwokunze kukuvara.

Structural zviri stratified squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy

Aumba kubva ectoderm. In nzvimbo localization ndiyo cornea, nemumuromo mhango, yegurokuro uye chikamu mudumbu mamwe marudzi mhuka. It ane nhatu akaturikidzana: basal chipingamupinyi uye sandarara. The basal rukoko neVadzidzi zimba Kamudzira chinosanganisira prismatic masero ane huru denderedzwa nuclei yakati zvava kusvika apical danda. The masero rukoko urwu, kugoverana, kutanga kukwira. Saka, havachisiri neVadzidzi zimba Kamudzira uye zvakaitika munzvimbo chipingamupinyi rukoko. Ichi akaturikidzana inoverengeka masero kwemashifiti polygonal chimiro, uye ane denderedzwa neerekitironi. Prickly rukoko anova pose - sandara rukoko a Ukobvu 2-3 masero.

Transitional epithelium

Kupatsanura pakati epithelial munyama inopa kwenguva inonzi Transitional epithelium aumba kubva mesoderm. Localization - renal chiuno, ureter uye dundira. Three akaturikidzana masero (basal, zvenguva, uye unhani) vari chaizvo zvakasiyana ari mamiriro. For basal rukoko inozivikanwa nokuvapo duku cambial masero siyana zvitarisiko avete basal membrane. The zvenguva rukoko masero muri chiedza uye yakakura, nhamba mitsara inogona kuva akasiyana. It zvinoenderana sei muviri izere. The bemhapemha rukoko masero vari yakatokura, kubudikidza vakawanda cores, kana polyploidy ivo dzinoratidzwa vanokwanisa achisunungura madzihwa, iyo kunotadzisa inotungamirwa pamusoro pashamwari kuonana weti.

glandular epithelium

epithelial zvinyama characterization akanga kukwana pasina rondedzero marongerwo uye kushanda anonzi glandular epithelium. Izvi rworudzi zvinyama iri rinoparadzirwa mumuviri, masero ayo vanokwanisa kubereka uye secrete anokosha zvinhu - zvakavanzika. The saizi, chimiro, mamiriro glandular masero rakanyatsojeka siyana, sezvo murwiyo uye zvakavanzika specialization.

Neurongwa hwakashandiswa zvakavanzika zviri kuumbwa zvakakwana Ndakatengesa dzakaoma mumatanho anoverengeka uye anonzi secretory kutenderera.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako epithelial zvinyama anoumbwa masero glandular, yakafanira zvikurukuru chinangwa chawo. Nekuti ichi mhando rejira aumbwa miviri, chikuru basa izvo zvichava rudzi chakavanzika. nhengo idzi dzinonzi mumasero.