Mabhasikoro eMoscow: nhoroondo yemigwagwa

Nhasi zvinoratidzika kune vakawanda kuti maTrolleybuses eMoscow aigara aripo. Pamigwagwa mikuru vakaonekwa muna 1933. MuUnited Soviet Socialist Republics, Moscow yakava guta rokutanga rokutakura motokari dzisina kujairika dzine "nyanga" dzakakwirira (nhepfenyuro dzehwamanda) dzakabatana nematare. Migwagwa yakanga yakasiyana.

Haana kutaurirana

Makore akapfuura, uye musingazivikanwi mitambo yekutakura "mararamiro" anobata manzwiro eine magetsi motokari yakava nzira inofanirwa yekufambisa. Trolleybus yave ichireba kwenguva refu isingaratidziki muIndarama-iyo chete, asiwo mune mamwe maguta eRussia, mahurumende eimbova USSR. Zvisinei, nzira dzeMoscow trolleybus (pane 104 dzazvo) dzine, zvichida, iyo yakaisvonaka yakaitika kare. Muchikamu chiduku, zvakaoma kuidzidza zvachose.

Asi chii chiri mberi kweMoscow trolleybus (nhoroondo yemigwagwa icharondedzerwa pasi apa)? Vanotaura kuti muna 2020, nekuda kwekugadzirisa nekukurumidza kwehutano, rudzi urwu rwekutakura ruchaita kuti nguva yakareba kurarama. Vachibloki kubvira kare muna 2015 vakanyora pamusoro pekukwanisa kuregererwa kana kupfupiswa kwemigwagwa makumi maviri nemashanu, kuparadzaniswa zvishoma kwemasero ekubatana. Zvose urefu hwetrolleybus "yarns" muMoscow is 600 km.

Kutungamira paIndaneti diaries inofunga nezvekuguma kwematrolleybuses Nha. 4, 7, 33, 49, 52, 84, kushumira South-West District yeMoscow. Vamiririri vakagadziriswa vehutano hwehutano vakavhiringidzika: mumaonero avo, iyo indasitiri iri kufa.

Paiva nechikwata chakaipa. MUP "Mosgortrans" inotsanangura kuti mabhiriki emakiromita ose anoshaya. Munguva iyi, sangano rehurumende pamwe chete rakamira kusimbisa kugadziriswa kwematokari (pasinei nokuti purogiramu yekutakura kutakura kweMoscow, maererano ne "vashandi vemigwagwa yeMoscow" vachienda kukura, hazvina kubviswa). Zvechokwadi maTrolleybuses eMoscow (Mufananidzo unoona munyaya) ichakurumidza kuparara?

Kune mufaro wevagari vemo

Ko "nyanga dzemakwenzi" dzichadonhedzwa, dziri kuramba dzichishandurwa nebhasi, kana kuti idzi idzi, hatingafungi. Asi vagari veMaroseyka, Pokrovka, Bolshaya Ordynka, Pyatnitskaya vatove "vasina kubata." Kuputsika kwemitsara kwakaitika. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutungamiri weMosgortrans haaoni chero chinhu chinotyisa mune izvi, achivimbisa kuti trolleybus ichiri kutora niche yayo yakagadzikana, basa iri richakura zvishoma.

Zvechokwadi, mumutambo mukuru wekuvakazve "My Street" pane chimwe chinhu pakunatsa mamwe mitsara. Zvisinei, kuendeswa kwebhasikoro nebhasi, maererano nenyanzvi, ichangobva kuitika. Zvakanaka, ngatitaurire pamusoro pekuti mabhazi eMoscow trolley, ane nhoroondo ane zvakawanda zvekufadza, akatanga kurima zvinyorwa zveguta guru.

1933 gore. Mutsara wokutanga, kumucheto

Ko maTrolleybuses eMoscow (maitiro akachinje kubvira ipapo) muma1930s? Trolleybus nhamba imwe yakasimuka parwendo rurefu musi waNovember 15, 1933 (kutangwa kwakarongwa kuitwa kare kare, muna 1924, asi hazvina kushanda). Rwonzi (rwakange rwakaumbwa muna Gumiguru 1933) rwakayambuka Leningrad Highway, rakaramba richibva kuTverskaya Zastava kuenda kuPokrovsky Streshnev.

Nzira isina kutakura nekutora mapapiro (nyanga-nyanga), sezvakarongwa, yakashandiswa pamigwagwa yemugwagwa (pakati peMoscow fiddle yekutanga yaiva tram). Pamberi pemitambo yemitambo "Dynamo" yaiva nheyo mbiri-mbiri, mune imwe nzira iyo yaiva imwe nzira. Mabhasikoro eMoscow aifanira kutora nyika ino. Uye ivo vakazviita.

Zvisinei, pazuva rokutanga, vaviri vatsva vaifanira kusiya nzira, asi munhu mumwe chete akaonekwa. Chirume chechipiri pakarepo mushure mekunge vatambira kubva kufekitari vaitarisira "kuora kwekugadzira": akawira pasi pasi pevhu risina simba regaraji rekare uye akatambura. Asi zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvakajairika. Purogiramu yemugwagwa yakanga yakadai: kubva pa7: 00 kusvika ku24.00.

1934 gore. Kuenderera mberi

Mabhasikoro eMoscow akawedzera kuonekwa. Mambakwedza 1934, madzitateguru akanga atotambanudzwa kubva kuNew Triumphal Gates (Tverskaya Zastava) zvakananga kusvika pakati, kusvika pakatarisana ne1918 rainzi Kudhamuka (ikozvino kuRevolution). Gore rechi34 rakapera nekuvhurwa kwemutsara wechipiri. Akabva kuArbatskiye Vorota square kusvika kuSmolenskaya (Arbat) uye kuDorogomilovskaya kunze.

Nzira yeTrolleybus Nha. 2 yakatanga kushanda pakupera kwegore (December 10, 1934). Sangano racho rakatanga kubva kuDrahomilovskaya kunze. Zvasara kuenda kuRevolution Square muBolshaya Dragomilovskaya, kutakurwa "kwakakungwa" kwakaenda kuna Arbat. Kubva ipapo - kuenda kuComintern, kusvika kune yekupedzisira inonzi "Okhotny Ryad." Panguva iyoyo, motokari makumi matatu nemitanhatu dzaive dzichimhanya pamitsetse miviri yekushandisa trolleybus.

1935 gore. Mutsara wechitatu

Yechitatu yebrolleybus "webhu" iri mubhuku yaive "yakarukwa" nevanhu vemuvhuvhu ra1935. Yakatambanudzwa mukati meguta. Murumbidze kwaari, unogona kushanyira Petrovka, mumutsara weCaltne, kuSukharevskaya Square, kubva ipapo Mira Avenue (iyo yekutanga 1 Meshchanskaya Mugwagwa) ichienda kuRzhevsky (chigaro chacho chave chichizivikanwa kune vose seRiga). Zvinotaridzika kuti rimwe chete trolleybus rakamhanya munguva pfupi yapfuura, uye pakuguma kwegore rechi35 Muscovites dzaishandiswa ne 57 LK motokari!

"Lazar Kaganovich" - takataura izvi kutanga kuMoscow trolleybus, nzira. Rwendo rwemigwagwa, tsanangudzo dzavo dzakanyatsotora zvingatora mapeji anopfuura imwe emufananidzo.

Muna 1936 trolleybus yakasangana ne "kushungurudza" kwakashata pamushanyanisi wayo wechitima-tram. Migwagwa yacho yakabviswa kubva kuchamhembe kweBindu Ring. Panzvimbo pe "Gromoyalschik" vakabvumira "Bukashka" yakatsetseka (nzira "B" - kubva Kudrinskaya kusvika Kursk railway station).

Muna 37th trolleybus atotanga "kugadzirisa" migwagwa inotanga kubva muJindu Ring uye ichienderera mberi neKaliayevskaya uye Novoslobodskaya mumigwagwa, Kuznetsky Bridge ... Imichina yepamusoro yeYTB-1 yakagamuchirwa neMuscovites. Kunyanya vakada musoro weSoviet nyika Nikita Khrushchev.

Madzi maviri, asi kwete imba!

Muna 1938, chikwata chekutsvaira uye chakanaka chaive chizivo chakanaka kune vose vaida kushanyira musha wekare wekubata hove - Berezhkovskaya kugumburwa, chiratidzo chakanaka che Vorobyovy Gory, chakamhanyira kusvika muna October (yakambova Kaluga) nzvimbo ... Kubva pachiteshi chemasitiriti "Sokol" parutivi rweLeningrad Highway vanhu vakasvika kuNorth River Station, muIzmaylovo, kubva kuCrimean square pakatarisana neJardin Ring uye Mytnaya Street - kusvika kumusika waDanilov.

Mabhazi eMoscow akavhara migwagwa gumi. Nzira idzi dzakange dzaiswa panzvimbo dzenzira dzakaputsika. Yatove muna 1937-1939. Pepanhau reLeningrad rakaenda 2-nhau yakanaka YATB-3 uye trolleybus yekambani yeChirungu. Kutanga "lanky gimmick" munyaya yacho, taifanira kusimudza ruwaya nemamita (kubvira pa8 kusvika ku58 m). Mumakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu, mabhazikiti akafamba-famba Mira (avenue) kuVSHV (yekurima mazamu). Muna 1953, nekuda kwekuvhiringidza kwekushandiswa kubva pachigamba, vakabvisa.

Kubudirira uye manheru trolley bus era

Pamberi pekutanga kweHondo yePatritic Patriotic ya1941-1945 muMoscow, paive nemabhazi mazana matatu nemasere uye migwagwa 11. Musi waJanuary 1, 1952, guta guru raigona kuzvirumbidza mabhiriyoro mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nematanhatu uye nhamba yakakurumbira yezvirevo zvavakanga vachifamba.

Mumakore makumi mashanu ekugara kwemakamuri kunze kweguta guru raive richikura. Ikoko kwakanga kwakarongedzwa trolley bus (kunyanya, kuSiria Boar). Chero kupi zvayo muscovite kana vaeni veguta guru vaifamba-muIzmaylovo, Volkhonka, Varshavskoye Shosse, Luzhniki Stadium uye munzvimbo dzakawanda dzezvivako, vakabatsirwa nebhasi rinotyisa.

Nguva inobhururuka. Ive yava nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu kubva pakusvitsa kwerin'i itsva yeVSHV muna 1954. Pakupera kwa1960, urefu hwose hwemigwagwa yeTrolleybus yakawana makiromita 540, yakabatana nemigwagwa 36.

Muna 1964-68 makore. MuSouth-Western kugara munharaunda, "accordion" - inonzi trolleybus yakashandurwa - yakanga iri kushanda. Zvisinei, muna 1975 yakazobviswa kubva kune vanofamba. Muna 1964 muMoscow pane mabhirikiti makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu. Pakazosvika 1972, mambure akazosvika 1253 km uye akaonekwa sechareba (refu kwazvo) pasi rose.

Muma1970 nema1980 migwagwa mitsva (Novogireevo, Ivanovo, Orekhovo-Borisovo nevamwe) vakanga vakasungwa nemigwagwa. MunaAgasti 1993, Moscow yakatanga nzira imwe chete yemigwagwa (naizvozvo migwagwa yakasunungurwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwavo kwakawedzerwa). Mimwe yemitsetse yakavharwa. Zvadaro, kuderedzwa kwakapfuurira.