Liberal - a freethinker

In enyika mashoko, pane mashoko mazhinji, tsika izvo vakawanda havasi aizvinzwisisa. Izvi kwakabatana kakawanda rokuchinja wehurumende nehurumende, zvokuti mutongi mutsva anobata zvose nzira yavo, uye vane zvizhinji munhoroondo chokwadi. Munyaya ino tichashandisa kuedza kuwana zvakanaka liberalism, chii vari vamiririri vayo uye chii dzematongerwe ivo vanoomerera.

Saka kambora - zviri anonyanya svobodnomyslyaschih murume freethinker. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti liberals vechokwadi rusununguko nokunyanyisa, ivo kwava kutendeuka sevasingaoni kune vazhinji dzinopikisana chokwadi, zvisingagamuchirwi kunyange izvi chokuita pachavo. Chokutanga, liberalism ari enyika kuitika, unosanganisira rusununguko rwokutaura, zviito munhu wose ari upfumi uye nedzimwe nharaunda dzoupenyu.

Liberals hurumende

Munguva kubva rechi16 kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18, dzakatangira Europe munguva inonzi liberalism. Chaizvoizvo Its ndechokuti vamiririri bourgeoisie vakatanga kukumbira kuti abolition kuti simba kwakakwana, uko kunopa Catholic Church, panzvimbo yakanga kusvika zvizere rusununguko chiito wese. Chokutanga, rusununguko urwu chokuita kusango upfumi uye kutengeserana. To pachena kuitisa basa ravo, kuti ataure dzavo mafungiro pachavo pane chero nguva - kuti akakodzera wakanaka mamiriro kune iyo ose worupo. Zvisinei, ichi, chaiva dzematongerwe ane Bourgeois stratum kwenzanga kuti haana kugamuchira rutsigiro zvakakwana kubva vanhuwo muEurope.

Paiva makore iwayo apo liberalism vakava political huru kuitika zhinji anoti. Maruva chesangano iri chaiva nguva French Revolution. Zvino ose worupo - zvakanga mumiriri mumhuri yakapfuma - waishaiwa chete rusununguko kuti ichikutadzisa zvokunamata neMhedziso. Pasinei chokwadi kuti munhu akadaro, kufanana MJ Lafayette, O. Mirabeau, uyewo Girondins uye Feuillant akagamuchira dzimwe nguva mumaoko avo rehurumende midziyo, ivo pachavo masirogani pamusoro rusununguko dzikava chinhu Anti-democratic. Mumwe mumiririri Bourgeois orudzi "akakoromora jira pamusoro pachake," chete nekugadzirisa matambudziko avo uye dzinopedza yavo zvavanoda.

Liberals muRussia

Vamiririri liberalism French akaratidza pachayo kwete zvakanakisisa ruoko, asi zvinyorwa zvavo, masirogani uye anozviti kodzero upenyu nani uye akagara nevanhu pakuyeuka uye papepa. Ndizvo Zvinyorwa izvi vava kurudziro huru kuti chidzoke chokuzvisarudzira-nevafungi muna Russian Empire. Zvechokwadi, munhu wose anoziva kuti Russian sunungukei - a Decembrist uye chero nevatsigiri vavo. Muna 1825 vakaita panguva weSeneti Square kupidigura Kesari. Hatigoni kutaura mune dzaigona mamiriro edu, kana vakawanda vevanhu akatsigira kwavari, asi izvi hazvina kuitika, uye vazhinji vapanduki vakaurayiwa.

Munguva Soviet, kuti Bolshevik Party akatungamirira chinoshingaira kurwisa kwose rusununguko rwokutaura uye norupo vanhu. Tose tinoziva kuti Soviet Union yakanga asiri dzomutengesi, kana muchivande mabhizimisi kana wakasununguka kutengeserana. Vanhu vaisagona kunyange kusiya miganhu yake yaakaberekerwa ehurumende, kuona nyika.