Musaruraganda - ndiani ichi?

Musaruraganda - murume nechokwadi mumuviri uye mupfungwa ukuru mamwe marudzi pamusoro vamwe, uye kuti kusiyana ava yairwirwa munhoroondo netsika nebudiriro dzakasiyana marudzi.

Rusaruraganda munyika yanhasi

Munyika yanhasi, apo kupfuura mberi chikamu munharaunda vachifarira zvegutsaruzhinji misimboti, dzakakurumbira ndiko pfungwa pluralism siyana uye maonero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero maonero, dudziro nhau muitiro, zvematongerwo kufamba uye zvimwe zvibereko pfungwa dzevanhu vane kodzero huvepo uye achadzivirira nzvimbo yavo yoga pamutemo nzira. In enyika bhora kuti inotaura kuzivisa democratic maitiro uye simba, izvozvo zvinoreva rugare coexistence imomo kumapati uye fambisa-siyana. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti pluralism uye kushivirira hakungamboitwi kuratidzirwa misanthropic maonero. Mupfungwa iyi, "musaruraganda" - zvakajeka akaipa kutsunga, uye vanhu, achidanidzira kuti kusarurwa vanhu vane ganda rakasiyana (ziso chimiro) , kana zvakatowanda kuti pamutemo zviito pamusoro pavo vanofanira zvachose kuva mutoro pamberi mutemo.

History of rusaruraganda

Pfungwa kuti vamiririri akasiyana dzevanhu marudzi dzisakarurama mukati nemano avo, paiva refu chaizvo nguva. Uye, chaizvoizvo, akanga akaberekwa kupfuura kamwe, achangogara paiva vamiririri dzakasiyana dzomunyika vane vakasiyana kwokunze kusiyana. Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba, kusarurana hauna kunohumwe zvahunoreva uzivi pamusoro chikonzero kuti, chokutanga, kwaiva kusina kunyanya kutonga pamusoro vamiririri rudzi rimwe pamusoro perimwe, uye chepiri panongova pasina chikonzero. It yakabuda chete nguva colonialism uye vakawanda kutendeuka vokuEurope vagere kondinendi African varanda vavo. Izvi zvinofanira mukaruramiswa noruzhinji, uye muranda-varidzi pachavo. Chinhu chokutanga ndiko kururamiswa yaitsvakwa muBhaibheri, munyaya yaNoa vakatuka zvizvarwa Ham - zvichipomerwa avo vakawanda Africans. Chekutanga sayenzi musaruraganda - murume wokuFrance Zhozef Gobino. Uyu munhu achiri pakati XIX remakore, aiva muvambi kwokururamisa nesayenzi kuti kusaruramisira womunhu marudzi. Hwaro hwayo dzematongerwe dzinoshanda zvaanorumbidza akaenda, sei kure mune kukura kwavo andisiya Europe nguva ino - zvoupfumi, mauto, zvetsika nemagariro nezvematongerwe - kubva dzomunyika mamwe makondinendi. Maererano Gobineau, zvakanga zvakafanira yepakutanga kushandisa inonzi Nordic rudzi mu rezvedzidzo mano.

Yose zvayo, yechipiri yezana XIX remakore uye yokutanga yezana XX remakore yaiva nguva kubudirira uye yokungotaura zvikapa kururamisirwa rusaruraganda. Muna 1860-1870-ies, mushure kushaya kuti uranda muUnited States, vari zvizere maruva urudzi pakati pavarwi muchiuto uye vatariri vehondo wokumaodzanyemba. racists American anozviratidza kwatiri chena uye vane Hood. Vamiririri Ku Klux Klan nemhaka yokurarama mabasa ayo vava mumwe vanonyanya kutaurwa izvi muitiro. Zvisinei, yakakurumbira zvikuru nhengo ideologist uye dzidziso pamusoro uduku nedzimwe marudzi avanhu ari Adolf Hitler. Zvinosuruvarisa kuramba mukusaziva rake Ultra-ano Russia kuramba kushandisa Chirevo yeNazi Party pasinei yokuti chakaremara vaNazi zvinoshanda necheSalvic rudzi. Somunhu zvikuru kusimba Vashaya racists Russian vari zvikamu zvemashoko kutaura varanda German, kutamba vemo pevatsigiri uye dzimwe nguva akati kuti vaida kunzwa. Zvisinei, pashure pokukundwa National Socialist German rusaruraganda akaramba utano hwakanaka kwenguva refu mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Saka, munguva munguva musaruraganda rusaruraganda South African Republic - haisi tsvina izita. Asi rusaruraganda iripo kusvikira kuma1990.