Sei makombiyuta? Nzvimbo kushandiswa kombiyuta. kombiyuta yekutanga

Ndiani wedu asina kumbofunga pamusoro kuenda kombiyuta? Izvi "robhoti" anoita kuti isu, achibatsira nesu pabasa, uye pazuva! How nguva yakawanda tiri yaungapedzera pairi, asi zvakadini uye kuponesa! Computer - zano kuti midzi hwedu, kubatsira kuzadzikisa nyore uye zvakaoma zvikuru nematambudziko, achitarisira uye anovandudza.

Chii?

Unoziva kazhinji vanonetseka nei tichida makombiyuta? vanhu vashoma kunyatsonzwisisa yose siyana mabasa, iro basa "michina" izvi. Asi vaibvepi uye nokukurumidza sei saka muupenyu hwedu? Computer ne Chirungu rakashandurwa se "kombiyuta". Nyaya iyi yaiva waiva basa riri mudziyo wokutanga chaizvo. Nehasha kutaura, muchina wokutanga semupi karukureta.

Zvino, mashandiro ichi anokwanisa kuita mamwe mabasa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakawanda mabasa aya computational kana kukudzora. Asi munguva ichangopfuura, pamwe pave network, rinokosha mazano-goho chaitika. Kuti kwema zvose zvakaitwa pamwe zvakarurama urongwa, vachishandisa purogiramu iri zvakananga kuti ichi uye zvakasikwa.

nyaya

Kazhinji, achirangarira rokutanga chaizvo kombiyuta, vanyori venhau dzakaitika yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora kuongorora zviitiko Bhabhironi rekare. ipapo akanga vakanga akazogadzira wokutanga kushanduka kukarukureta - Mushosho Mushosho. Asi kana musingaendi sokuziva unogona kuenda shure nguva makore asingasviki 100. Maiva muna 1941 nyika akaona mudziyo wokutanga kwakadaro. Chakasimudzira akava American yemasvomhu paHarvard Govard Eykson.

Iye vaviri IBM kuti mainjiniya ndakasika kombiyuta yekutanga pahwaro uchishandisa nguva Charles Babbage. Pamutemo, motokari yakatanga chete muna 1944. Iye akapiwa zita "Mark 1". Tava akaisa midziyo muna Harvard University.

Zvinofadza kuti panguva yokuti kukura PC kwave apedza 500 zviuru zvemadhora. Panyaya iyi, gungano kombiyuta yakaitwa dzinodhura uye yepamusoro zvinhu. The mashandiro mukavaisa Stainless simbi uye negirazi. The mudziyo akatora kureba 17 metres, nokukwirira kwaro makubhiti anenge 2,5 mamita. Saka, ichi kutsvaka unyanzvi uremu kwakanga matani anopfuura 4. Kuunza kombiyuta kubasa, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana levers, relays, haizoshandisi, izvo kwaiva vanopfuura 750 zvidimbu.

Sezvineiwo, motokari angosimuka waya, kureba chiri 800 makiromita. Zvisinei, kombiyuta simba iri zvakanaka chinyakare mabasa. Iye kurarama shoma nhamba - 72 chete, ivo raiva 23 grade nzvimbo. The Hurongwa aigona bvisa uye vanonyora uye vanopedza pezvakaitwa zvose izvi hapana kupfuura 3 seconds. Nokuti chokuwanziridza, zvaida kupfuura 6 masekonzi, weboka rakanga raitwa mumasekonzi 15.

Somugumisiro, masayendisiti vaikwanisa kuwana imwe yepamusoro pakuverenga muchina, yaishandiswa nokuda Perforated bepa tepi kupinda mashoko. Pasinei ake pachena kusimba magetsi zvekushandisa zvikara, iye achiri vakaita zvose Masvomhu pasina kubatsirwa murume, uye nokudaro rave chihombe danho kune kushandisa michina.

dzimwe pfungwa

Chaizvoizvo, kuti "Mark 1" ndiko kombiyuta yokutanga gakava ngaakuitirei. On zvibodzwa ichi pane zvakawanda dzidziso. Ikoko kazhinji anoyeukwa Konrad Zuse pamwe muchina wake Z1, iyo yakatangwa muna 1938. Aizivikanwawo yokutanga yemagetsi digitaalinen kombiyuta iri US, iyo akatanga kutaura 1942. Kunyange zvazvo asina kunyorwa kwenyaya, asi unogona kuva kumumvuri uye kurudziro anotevera michina.

kusiyana

Kana munhu zvinokonzera mubvunzo: "Nei tichifanira makombiyuta kuita" Iye inowanzomirira mureza shanduro PC kana tablet pakuparwa zvashata. Asi ichi ndicho chete chikamu chiduku mudziyo pasi chete zita. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, desktops zvinogona rakakamurwa mombe uye Server, pane workstations, pachake zvokusarudza, mumwe-chidimbu, mutambo inonyaradza, vezvenhau nzvimbo, etc.

To makombiyuta zvinosanganisira midziyo yakawanda itsanangudzo kusanganisira netbooks, mapiritsi, nettopy. Kune supercomputers, izvo zvinosanganisira Mini, supermini, pachake uye mainframe. The wokupedzisira nzira - iri kombiyuta simba kwazvo, rakagadzirirwa mukuru-kuita uye zvekuvaka-nyanyisa mabasa. Zviri chaizvo nhamba RAM kazhinji uye ane zvokunze ndangariro mudziyo unoshandiswa kuti batch mangé kubudiswa uye kuita mamwe mabasa.

For makombiyuta duku uye Mobile tiri tose chaunofarira akangwara phones, Laptops, pachake digitaalinen vabatsiri, mapiritsi, e-mabhuku uye zvichingodaro. Vanhu vazhinji vanokanganwa kuti chirwere chiri mumaresitorendi uye zvitoro - ariwo kombiyuta sezvo wemagetsi mushanduri, karukureta, etc.

Zvakadaro kuwanda mano zvinova pachena kuti avo chinangwa kunogona zvakasiyana chaizvo uye dzimwe nguva zvikuru zvisingatarisirwi.

patani

Nokuti nguva dzose kuvandudza motokari ano magamuchira dzakasiyana-siyana mufashoni zvakagadzirwa. gungano kombiyuta, unomedurirwa vanoshandisa vazhinji - zvinenge hapana zvichienzaniswa akagadzira Server zviteshi uye simba yokutevedzera zvakafanana. Asi pane zvimwe zvinodiwa uye algorithm, iyo inounza pamwechete mhando dzose makombiyuta.

Kana vanhu vanotanga kufunga pamasikiro mudziyo, kazhinji vanonetseka kana muchina-digital mhando kana analoginen hurongwa. Wokutanga musiyano wezvinyorwa zvinoshanda discrete kusanganiswa kana zvokufananidzira variables. Analog mhando chakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa guru chokubuda mashoko. Chokwadi, tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo ndiyo akakurumbira pakati vanoshandisa.

By analoginen zvino zvakafanira kutakura nomograms, masiraidhi mitemo, astrolabe, oscilloscopes, materevhizheni, uye kunyange muuropi.

kunyoresa

Tichidzokera musoro yacho "Ndingaitei kushandisa kombiyuta," zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti pachine zvakawanda izere mabasa kuitwa zvakaoma kuongorora. Uye hazvingaiti zvose magetsi pezvakaitwa kuti kombiyuta nokundiruramisira ndiwo panogumira zvatinokwanisa ayo.

Zvisinei, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro inonyatsozivikanwa nzira kushandiswa, chinhu chokutanga chandinoyeuka: PC kudiwa mubasa uye varaidzo. The yokupedzisira iri kunyanya nevakawanda iye zvino, uye pamwe rokudzidzisa zvinoriumba kunobatsira vadzidzi vakawanda michina kurovedzwa kwavo uye kuwana ruzivo.

varaidzo

Munhu wose anoyeuka pamusoro yemhuka wechesi chete kombiyuta. Kana paiva akadaro mukana, vanhu vari chete vanoshamiswa yaibvira muchina. Next vakanga vakasuma akasiyana siyana makasa nezvimwe dambanemazwi. Zvino kufukidza imwe pfupiso mitambo zvose zviri shamisa. Tournaments pakukura munyika wakaitwa mitambo yepakombiyuta, izvo aunganidzwa nhandare mafeni uye mubayiro kupfuura $ 20 miriyoni.

About varaidzo tinoyeuchidzwa kwete chete chap hrs uye Laptops, asiwo mutambo inonyaradza, PDAs uye smartphones. Ekupedzisira, Chokwadi, vane operative features, asi achiri inowanzoshandiswa yokuvaraidza mudziyo inobatsira rasai nguva mumugwagwa.

Kuwedzera mutambo wenyika wechesi aine kombiyuta uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana uchitamba mutambo wacho kuti varaidzo chirongwa anosanganisira kuona mafirimu, zvokushambadza uye epaTV, teerera ekuteerera, redhiyo kana mabhuku. Virtual Tours mamiziyamu, dzemitambo, kuratidzira, zvesimba, etc.

inotungamirwa

Vechiduku vakawanda vakanganwa kuti kombiyuta, kuwedzera varaidzo, dzaizopiwa kunodzidziswa. Uyu ake chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kushanda, izvo zvinoita kwete chete kutsivira huripo zivo, asi kuti vawane vatsva. Saka, agere kombiyuta, tinogona kuenda nyore kuburikidza kure kudzidza, kuzvicheka-dzidzo, verenga mabhuku, teerera uye watch video makosi, kugona dzakasiyana-siyana pezvakaitwa uye kuwedzera horizons.

Nzvimbo kombiyuta zvokuti siyana mafomu dzinowanzoshandiswa zvakanyatsobatana. Saka, somuenzaniso, kukurukurirana uye dzidzo kunotibatsira kudzidza nyore mitauro mitsva kana kuwana shamwari kubva pose.

kutaurirana

Chokwadi chokuti PC unoshandiswa senzira yokukurukurirana, kwete kukodzera nezvokuvaka. Munhu wose anoziva nezvazvo. Zvino kushandisa kombiyuta yako sezvo chikuva kusangana uye kutaura, nekusiyana, kwahunokonzera zvimwe zvinetso munzanga. Vanhu vanova novimba network, forum uye vanyora. Kunyange zvazvo, kana iwe ufunge nezvechisarudzo ichi zvinobatsira divi, kombiyuta here akwanise isu nokuzivana vanhu akasiyana makona pose.

Akafambira pakukurukurirana, aivabatsira kuunganidza mashoko pabasa, saka kuti dzidzo uye kuita mamwe mabasa.

basa

Computer basa Chokwadi, uyewo chinokosha chokushandisa. Zvakaoma kufungidzira mumwe kubva mudonzvo, uyo asingadi kushandisa mudziyo uyu. In zvitoro vanowatengesa kuti chinhu nhamba iri PC, dzinoita asiri mari muripo kuburikidza zviteshi, etc.

Makambani makuru ngaavongwe pamakombiyuta akamisa kushanda samambure kuti mashoko yedzimudzangara, vane nokukurumidza unocherekedza uye kugadziriswa. Vamwe emakambani makuru kumisa hrs yavo yakakura hurongwa zvirongwa kuti basa wekambani. Uyewo, hazvishamisi kusangana PC pakombiyuta munyori, mutori kana copywriter, nekuti yetapureta kare vabuda fashoni uye vakanga chete nenhumbi zvinonakidza kana zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa.

Somugumisiro, kana uchiri handizivi nei tichida makombiyuta, funga kushandisa chii vanhu kusika mifananidzo, mifananidzo, aongorore navo, nechigadziko site, typeset bhuku, magazini, mapepanhau, uye siyana akadhindwa zvinhu uye yemagetsi. Sezvazvakanyorwa ikozvino akasika mumhanzi uye mafirimu, sei vanoshanda pamwe masvomhu. Pakupedzisira, iye anova, mazano, zvinhu kana zvirongwa.

ounyanzvi hwokugadzira

Kana isu nezvematambudziko chaizvo asi ikozvino wose anogona kuudza zvinenge zvose uye nei tichifanira makombiyuta uye apo vari kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, muchiuto hurongwa chombo kudzivirira kana nzvimbo neKomisheni PC. All chaiko mananara kana tsvakurudzo kuvakwa mienzaniso yakatanga kushandisa zvoga michina.

Patinoita akarongeka, zvemakemikari, panyama uye nezvimwe Analyses uye Masvomhu kwakaitwa michina. Jobs vakanga zvoga kwenguva refu, uye avo kwete chete chokuita Masvomhu, asi kunyange pakati vanachiremba.

Kuvakwa akagadzira danho iri zvoga nokudzorwa PC enyika. Zviitiko zvikuru zvose, kusanganisira makwikwi, varaidzo inoratidza etc. vachitsigirwa kuburikidza kombiyuta, uye vanhu vanomhanya navo.

Kazhinji, rondedzera mwero kukosha PC muupenyu ose hwevanhu, nzanga uye hurumende yose zvakaoma chaizvo. Zvino, kwese kwese, tinogona kuona kombiyuta zvayo mushanduro dzakasiyana-siyana. With veMubatanidzwa paIndaneti, mashandiro izvi zvakasimba akapinda hwedu, vamwe kwakatsiva TV uye zvetsika Vezvenhau, kukurukura neshamwari uye nemhuri. Vamwe kuva chinokosha zvikuru basa uye kudzidza, uye munhu - asi mushandirwi.