KAvZ-685. Soviet pakati-kirasi bhazi

The gamba nhasi nyaya - bhazi KAvZ-685. Michina iyi anobudiswa panguva kuKurgan Bus Plant kubva 1971. Bus ichi kirasi panzvimbo diki kupfuura avhareji. Chinangwa chaicho hazvina, mukuru-chinangwa ichi muchina. Motokari iyi rinowanikwa basa kumaruwa, zvikurukuru pamusoro tsvina mumigwagwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi chakange zvazviri vakanyatsoshongedzwa, vaiva zvakafanira kuchengeteka varikumahombekombe, uye ane yakakwirira permeability. Ngatitorei Ukanyatsotarisa Data motokari. Old mabhazi - Zvinofadza chaizvo. Vane nyaya inokosha, zvino zvimwe anenge hapana murege kufamba.

wokuenzanisira nhoroondo

Nhoroondo bhazi rinotanga pakuvhurwa chirimwa. Maiva muna 1958. Chinhu chokutanga zvaitwa kuKurgan chirimwa, vaiva 651 fung womuenzaniso. Basa pamusoro pokumuka michina izvi zvakatanga muna 40s remakore rapfuura. Muenzaniso yakavakwa pamusoro chassis uye chikuru nzvimbo yacho GAZ-51. Saka kana ari 60s pana GAZ akatanga kubudisa itsva GAZ-53A, kuKurgan chirimwa wakagadzirirwa pakusikwa mabhazi chitsva pamusoro chassis ichi.

Mukupera '60s akatanga kuonekwa prototypes vokutanga KAvZ-685. Michina mangwanani izvi aiva siyanei design, kwete kufanana mujinga kwavari GAZ-53A. Paiva neimwe redhiyeta cladding. The chiedza rakanga riri muchimiro mana-chinhu hurongwa. Papera chinguva, kuti vagadziri vakasarudza kusiya nepurani ichi. In dzakatevedzana mabhazi kubva zvetsika mberi chikamu chawo gasi.

Kutanga Serial kugadzirwa mabhazi, fekitari Kutarisira ane rokuvakazve rakazara zvavakanga vachida kuita. Saka, yekudyidzana akawedzera kugadzirwa nzvimbo.

The rokuvakazve akabudirira uye muna 1971 yokutanga KAvZ-685 akasiya ungano mutsetse. Production zvokushambadzira vane mwero Hood, asi vachiri zvishoma akasiyana inokosha kugadzirwa akatevedzana windshield. Renguva pamwero Kugadzirwa aigona kutanga muna 1973. Muna 1974 boka kure gungano mutsetse pashure 100 000th kopi. Nokuti nguva kurimwa womuenzaniso yachinja kakawanda uye magadzirirwo zvekushandisa michina.

KAvZ-685: Magadzirirwo

muenzaniso uyu chikatsiviwa 651 fung nebhazi. Zvisinei, magadzirirwo haasati achinja zvikuru. Pano tinogona kuona motokari pamwe bhoneti marongerwo uye kwete yakawandisa chinzvimbo. Bus basa riri nyore zvikuru uye, sezvo isu munotoriziva, yakagadzirirwa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu tsvina migwagwa.

Kunyange zvazvo chassis vatana uye zvitsva mhando tichiri kusawirirana, asi wakare kuKurgan bhazi uyewo yakasiyana chaizvo kubva mutsva, muenzaniso itsva tinoona makuru kukura, ano, vakapiwa kuti ichi chinhu bhazi Soviet chakagadzirwa. The motokari itsva hachingagari vanhu 28, ane zvakanaka unyanzvi, aishingaira uye traction unhu. Hunhu tateguru iyi mabhazi ano zvizere zvaidiwa zvinodiwa kuti inoshanda panguva.

injini

Yokutanga mhando KAvZ-685 vakanga vakapakata mana sitiroko carburetor masere humburumbira Motors. Vaiva ZMZ 53A. Sepombi mu izvi simba dzakabatana dziri V serin'i.

Simba injini ichi - 120 l. a. Kutenderera nokumhanya aiva 3200 R / m. The Injini aiva nguva yakanaka yokuti torque - 245 N / m. Musha aiva 4.25 L. Machine waida 24 litres muzana 100 km. Bus tangi aiva inokwana 105 litres. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya injini ichi chaiva 90 km / h.

kufamba

Pano, zvose zvakafanana, zvose Gaza. KAvZ-685 akanga akashongedzerwa ane mana-PPC. Zvinozivikanwa kuti bhokisi raiva zvishoma dzakachinjwa wokuenzanisira CAT GAZ-5312. Kupfuudzwa mushure kuvandudzika yawana ari synchronizers rechitatu uye hutachiwana chinhu.

Wakabatisisa michina izvi anoshandiswa yakaoma, vasina disk. The mashandiro waiva chitubu, peripheral. It unogadzirira ari batira parutivi hydraulic tikachirega.

braking hurongwa

The mabhureki vave rakatangwa muna muchimiro hunyambiri-redunhu hurongwa. Sami mabhureki vaiva ngoma, uyo akashanda mavhiri zvose. Kugadza akamedura, mainjiniya uyewo aishandisa hydraulic nemotokari, rinova akashongedzerwa vacuum booster.

geometry

The muviri aiva kureba 6.6 m, pahupamhi 2.55 metres, kureba bhazi rakanga 3.03 M wheelbase iri 3.7 m, uye Clearance -. 265 mm.

Ekuderedza kurema motokari - 4,08 mamita Total uremu - .. matani 6,5 vhiri chassis payakavakirwa - 4 X 2. kupfuura shoma pakona nharaunda yacho muchina rakanga 8 m.

muviri

Pano hatigoni kutaura itsva. Kufanana nevamwe mabhazi ose USSR, muviri bhazi rakanga rakagadzirwa zvokufonongonwa nesimbi. The muviri yakaitwa muna bhoneti marongerwo. Washington achaita yekudyidzana netwakawandawanda kuwana vatyairi uye repair hurongwa kune dzakawanda zvinoriumba uye simba dzakabatana. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti nokukurumidza uye zvakanaka vashumire uye basa rokugadziridza.

mukati

bhazi mukati zvinoita rokunyaradza vmese vanhu 28. Zvigaro zvakanga 21 vanhu vagare pasi, iyo vagadziri ndakavapa musuo parutivi mumwe chete. Chimwe chitoro aiva kwechimbichimbi mbudo kuburikidza weshure. Pro chitoro uti chinhu chinokosha, asi yakanga shasha kudziyisa hurongwa. Iye kunyange yokunyanyisa kuchitonhora zvakakwana kudziyirwa kumusoro mukati Salon. The kufefetedza Hurongwa - chaivo. Kuti aite izvi, mainjiniya uye vagadziri zvakapa parutivi mahwindo uye madhoo.

Vakatakurwa kuti vakasununguka kushandisa motokari iri vari kabhini upholstered zvigaro zvakagoverwa. Special nemhaka Mucheka-vakagadzira zvigaro. Akanga rakasimba zvikuru uye anogona kugara nyore kuti anopfuura rimwe kana maviri mwaka vasati yokutsiva kwayo. Mutyairi hakuiti kuparadzaniswa vanhu. Saka, vakachengeteka mitemo regai kuriritira partitions. Vatyairi vasvike kubasa kwavo tichibatsirwa imwe yoga musuo.

mutyairi chokutonga

Kubasa aiva ose ezvinhu kuti mutyairi haana kuneta mune dzose ndege. The cheya zvinogona kugadziridzwa maererano chinhambwe kubva chiridzwa Panel, uyewo vave kugadzirisa pakona kuti mafungiro.

Old mabhazi vasina akashongedzerwa nesimba gozvo, asi vhiri nemotokari iyi ane dhayamita guru, iro nyore utariri. ari zvokuchunisa All zvakakodzera uye haizoshandisi mune imwe nzvimbo.

On the dashboard kwaingova zvisina zvatinoda. Saka, vagadziri uye mainjiniya vakaita nechokwadi kuti mutyairi wacho afunge haina akapararira.

Magirazi akanga uchikungura zvisina kukodzera huru. Vaitsigira pfungwa kukura kwomuviri. Saka akashandura nani zvikuru maonero mugwagwa. The windshield aiva partition. chikamu chimwe nechimwe akanga nepokuongorora wiper. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti uchengete girazi yakachena uye asingauyi kuvhiringidza kutyaira.

About Maintenance uye Repairs

Zvinonzi mienzaniso izvi dzinenge hapana matambudziko chero vatyairi kana repair Vanamakanika. The muchina kunobva pahwaro GAZ-53A, chiri pamberi penyu kuishandisa kuvaka bhazi, vakapfuura yakawanda nemiedzo. Chassis kuKurgan chirimwa rinogadzirirwa pasina Migwagwa zvakanaka basa.

Sezvo mainjiniya panguva iyoyo, ndinosika muenzaniso idzva, akaedza kuvaka muchina kuitira kubatanidza dzinokosha dzakabatana pamwechete muenzaniso wekare, apo Achibuda anodiwa zvikamu pasina matambudziko. Bus KAvZ-685 uye magadzirirwo ayo rinobvumira hurongwa pakuparwa breakage kuona zvikanganiso nyore uye nekukurumidza sezvo kushanda ari parumananzombe.

okunatsiridza

Pahwaro muenzaniso ichi kubva okunatsiridza siyana. Zvakasikwa kushandiswa munzvimbo nyika nedzimwe ekunze. 685S womuenzaniso yakazokudziridzwa kuti motokari kuchamhembe munzvimbo. Pane okunda yakaderera chaizvo mhepo tembiricha saka muchina akashongedzerwa inodziya yakanamirwa pamifananidzo, kaviri PANE uye injini kudziyisa.

Pakanga pane mamwewo yokutevedzera. Somuenzaniso, mashoko 685G yakagadzirwa munzvimbo gomo. Kuti motokari aigona zvakachengeteka kukurira unomonereka monyoroka, bhazi rakanga akashongedzerwa uchinyanya mamwe mabhureki uye retarders, uye mufambi kabhini iiswe chigaro mabhandi.

In mhedziso

Nokuti nguva kwayo kwaiva murairidzi kukuru. Mainjiniya vakaedza zvakanaka. Dzimwe nguva michina izvi vanogona kuonekwa kwese mumigwagwa dzokumaruwa. Vachiri kushanda nzvimbo - ndizvo zvazvinoreva unhu yeSoviet.