Jurgen Habermas: biography, zvisikwa, zvinyorwa

Jürgen Habermas muzivi weGermany uye nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika. Kubva muna 1964, iye purofesa muFrankfurt am Main. Akazova muzivi mukuru pane imwe nguva yenguva yedu nekuda kwekusununguka kwemaonero ake uye kufarira zvikuru dambudziko rekugadzirisa kukakavara pasina chisimba. Mukurumbira wakauya kuna Jurgen Habermas mushure mokutaura kwaro kwemashoko akazaruka kune vazivi vechizivi venguva yake.

Childhood

Akaberekerwa munguva yekupesana kwezvematongerwo enyika (June 18, 1929) muguta duku reDüsseldorf, Jurgen Habermas akava mumwe wevana vechiGermany avo vakaiswa pasi pezvinyorwa zvekubatana neHitler Youth. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti Habermas aiva nhengo ye sangano reNazi. Muna 2006, kupesana kukuru kwakavhiringidza pamusoro pechinyorwa ichi nekubatanidzwa kwezvinyorwa zveGermany zvakakurumbira.

Mumwe munyori wenhau dzakaitika kare Franz Ulrich Weller akaramba ruzivo urwu, achitaura nezvekuti Jürgen aiva nechikanganiso chekukura kubva pakuberekwa kwake - muromo we harere. Jürgen Habermas pachake, uyo ane chinyorwa chinoratidza izvi zvakakwana, akaedza nenzira dzose dzingaita kuti arege kutaura kwakadaro. Panyaya iyi, aisakwanisa kubatana nesangano, iro rakasarudzwa chete "Aryans rakakwana" mumatanda aro. Kunyange zvakadaro, inofungidzirwa kuti muzivi weramangwana pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu akatungamira pakati pemitezo yaHitler kuti ape rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira kweutano.

Nyanzvi inozivikanwa zvikuru Jurgen Habermas, ane biography yakakonzera nyika yake yesayenzi zvakafadza zvikuru , yakatanga kufarira mune zvematongerwe enyika uye hukama hwevanhu mumazuva echikoro.

Kugadziriswa kwesayenzi

Makore echikoro aJurgen akaitirwa muimba yeGymmersbach. Pano, jaya racho rakasangana nemashoko ose ekufambisa kwemauto eGermany kumabvazuva nekumhanya kwechido. Pakutanga, taundi rezvepurovhinzi rakava nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ehondo. Izvi zvakaunza vashandi - vasungwa kubva kunyika dzakakunda Europe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, unhu hwaJurgen hwakaumbwa.

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akashingaira kudzidza mafilosofi, psychology, masangano evanhu uye nhoroondo. Akadzidza kumayunivhesiti eZurich, Gottingen naBonn. Mushure mokunge apedzisa zvidzidzo zvake, aida kuzviedza pachake mubasa re mutori wenhau. Habermas akashanda semushandi wekuzvipira weFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung uye Handelsblatt. Mukurumbira wakauya kwaari pazera remakore makumi mana nemasere, mushure mekuwa kwekutsoropodza pamusoro pemusoro weGermany uzivi hwemakore iwayo aMartin Heidegger. Jürgen akapomera pachena pachena Martin kuti anoparidzira Nazism.

Mukugadzirisa kwekare kwenguva refu kufungisisa kwezvinoitika zvemazuva ano, Habermas akatanga kugadzirisa pfungwa yekukurukurirana kwemakakatanwa. Anofunga kuti zvinokwanisika kuita sarudzo inonzwisisika mukukurukurirana kuburikidza nehurukuro - iyi ndiro zita rekuita kunzwisisa vanhu vane maitiro ehupenyu humwe.

Kunaka kweJurgen Habermas

Mavambo ekutanga emagariro evanhu eHabermas ane pfungwa mbiri:

1. Nyika yehupenyu - inosanganisira hukama hwemagariro evanhu (mhuri, shamwari, basa). Kukurukurirana kunyanzvi kunoenderana nazvo.
2. Izvo nyika yehurumende ishamwari isingazivikanwi uye yebhizimisi. Instrumental rationality inoenderana nayo.

Imwe yemabasa makuru aHabermas ndiyo "Theory of Communicative Action," umo maonero ekutanga evanhu akavakwa.

Kunyanya kufarira ndeye pfungwa yeGermany anyanzvi pamusoro pekubatana muvanhu vemazuva ano. Jurgen Habermas anosiyanisa zviito zvose kubva pakutaurirana (izvo zvakagadzirirwa kupa ruzivo rumwe) uye zvakagadziriswa (zvakagadziriswa).

Hurukuro inotaura nezvemazuva ano ibhuku rinosanganisira hurukuro 12 naJurgen Habermas, iyo yaakaverenga mumayunivhesiti akawanda eEurope. Yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1985. Zvadaro kwaive kubudirira kukuru uye kwakakonzera resonance yakasimba mumagariro ekuchenjera. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi bhuku harina kurasikirwa naro rinokosha. Mune basa, Habermas anokurukura matambudziko ezviripo, achibatanidza maonero evatsigiri nevashori vemasikati.

Chii chinonakidza kune masayendisiti ezvematongerwe enyika nemazuva ano Jurgen Habermas? A biography, achitsanangura muchidimbu mabasa ake evanhu, anotibvumira kutsvaga nzira yekuumba pfungwa dzeNeo-Marxism.

Kudzidzisa nekutsvakurudza

Kubvira muna 1964 kusvikira muna 1994, Jürgen Habermas akatungamirira Dhipatimendi reFiopophy uye Sociology paYunivhesiti yeFrankfurt am Main. Chimiro chake chakava chiitiko chevadzidzi. Vakabva vatanga kudanana nemafungiro echokwadi-muongorori. Munguva iyi, Humbermas inova mumwe wevamiririri vedzinza rechipiri rweveorists reNeo-Marxism. Zvisinei, kufarira vechidiki vechidiki kumudzidzisi akakurumbira akaparara mushure mekupedzisira vekupedzisira vakatsoropodza zviito zveumwe wevatungamiri ve-theorists ve "kuruboshwe" Rudi Duchke.

Izvi zvinotevera. Muna 1967, Shah of Iran Mohammed Roza Pahlavin akasvika kuBerlin. Vadzidzi vekuMadokero yeEurope vari kupikisa tsika dzeyi nyika. Pakazoitika, rally yakaguma nekukakavara uye kukakavara nemapurisa, izvo zvakaguma nekufa kwevadzidzi Benno Onersorg. Habermas anotaura pachena pachena kuti Duceka ndiye anofanirwa kufara uye anoshora mapurisa zvechisimba.

Mumakore makumi manomwe, Jurgen akaita purogiramu yekutsvakurudza maererano nekutungamirirwa kweSocial Democratic Party yeGermany. Muna 1994, muzivi akarega basa.

Jurgen Habermas: zvinyorwa

Mafungiro aJurgen Habermas anobva pakuwedzera kuve kwekutaura kwevanhu. Nezvehutano hwehurumende, muzivi anotaura kuti hurumende yehurumende ndeyekuguma kwehukama hune rugare hwehupfumi uye democracy.

Jurgen anoedza kuita kuti hukama hwevanhu hubudirire. Anotenda kuti chikonzero chinopiwa kune munhu kuzivisa zvisingafungi. Mafungiro echizivi pamusoro pemanzwiro ekutadza anonakidza. "Ichi chiratidzo chekutengeswa kwebasa uye chinopindirana nekuparadzana kwezvido."

Kutsiurwa kwaJurgen Habermas

Vashori vedzidziso yekukurukurirana Habermas vakamutsoropodza kuti mamiriro ake akanaka ekubvumirana, sungano isiri yechisimba iri kure nekuripo. Mune mamiriro ehutsinye uye kusagadzikana kwomunhu, nzira dzakadaro dzokukurukurirana hazvina maturo.

Semuenzaniso, J. Meehan muzvinyorwa zvekuunganidza "Vakadzi vanodziverenga Habermas" vanonyora zvinotevera: nokuda kwesimba rose rokusika rehuzivi iyi, yakazara nekununura uye chido chekudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, ichiri chiri chakanyanya murume. Izvi, maererano naMeehan, zvinoreva kusavapo kwekuedza kunzwisisa nyaya dzepabonde muhuzivi hweHabermas.

Upenyu hwega

Kunyange paaidzidza yunivhesiti, Jurgen anosangana nomudzimai wake wemunguva yemberi. Nezvo, akagoverana zvakadzama zvematongerwe enyika nehurumende yakakunda mumazuva iwayo muGermany. Pari zvino, Habermas inobatanidzwa mune zvesayenzi.

Maonero ezvematongerwe enyika aJurgen Habermas anonangwa pakuumba pfungwa yekushanduka-shanduka. Muzivi wake anoona mukuvandudzika kwemafungiro evanhu uye kubudirira. Mabasa emusayendisiti mukuru ave imwe yezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kutaurwa zvevadzidzi mune zvakanakisa zvefilosofi nemagariro evanhu.

Mukurwisana kwemazuva ano, pfungwa dzaHabermas dzave dzakakosha pakugadzira mararamiro anobatsira ekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwezvematongerwe enyika uye zvemagariro.