Chii chinonzi chimiro chekusoprene

Chii chinonzi isoprene? Nzira yakawanda yezvikamu izvi inofananidzwa ne- homologous series of diene hydrocarbons, uye ine chinyorwa CnH2n-2. Regai tiongorore dzimwe nzira dzekuwana iyi makemikari akabatanidzwa, pamwe nekuwana nzvimbo huru dzekushandiswa kwayo.

Tsanangudzo pfupi yezvinhu zvemuviri

Ngatitorei zvinyorwa zvinokosha zve isoprene. Iyi diene hydrocarbon inotyisa, haina inosvibiswa yakawanda mumvura. Kukurukurirana kwakanyanya kwechirwere ichi kune dambudziko rinonyangadza. Iyo yakawanda yakagamuchirwa yakagamuchirwa, iyo isingakuvadzi kuvanhu, 40 mg / cm ³ . Nekuwedzera kwechiratidzo ichi, 2-methylbutadiene-1,3 inopesana nehupenyu hwevanhu. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai ichi chinhu chinenge chisina kujeka mvura yakasviba ine nzvimbo yakadzika yakatsva.

Zviratidzo zvemakemikari zvinhu

Chii chinonzi chimiro chekushandiswa kwesoprene? Mune zvakagadzirirwa izvi zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu kune mabhiri maviri akabatanidzwa. Ndivo avo vanoratidzira maitiro ekutanga emakemikari aya anomumiriri wezvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvisikwa. Isoprene inoshandiswa nyore nyore mumhepo yeakisijeni, asi peroxide mishonga ndiyo inogadzirwa.

Polymerization

Isoprene inopinda polymerization here? Nzira yakawanda yekirasi iyo iyo hydrocarbon iyo ndeyeCnH2n-2. Kufanana nevamwe vamiririri ve homologous series of butadiene-1,3, isoprene inokwanisa kuita chikwata chakakura-masero.

Mukuita kwekunyora mapurogiramu, kuumbwa kwe cis uye kutengesa isomeri ye polyisoprene, iyo inofananidzwa nemarubha echisikigo.

Kuwana ruvara rwemhando

Chii chiri kugadziriswa kwesoprene? Maitiro anoitika munyaya iyi anowirirana nekushandurwa kwemaonomusipirene mu polymer - polyisoprene. Kuparadzanisa ruvara rwemhando yezvakagadzika dzine chimiro chakafanana ne 2-methylbutadiene-1,3, lacteal juice yemiti inotyisa inoshandiswa.

Iyo jisi inoguma yakasvibiswa, inosanganisira mukurapa ne sulfur chloride. Muchikemikari ichi zvinoshandiswa, rubba inobata imwe sulfur, inowana plastiki, elasticity. Iyo inogadzirisa chigadzirwa haigoni kushanduka kwekushisa, makemikari ane utsinye. Nzira yekuumbwa kweyo isoprene inotsanangura zvinhu zvekushanda kwechirwere.

Kana nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari kunotora sulfuri mukati ma25 kusvika ku40 muzana, unogona kuwana ebonite. Izvi zvine simba rakakwirira, rinoshandiswa seyakanyanyisa kuvhara zvinhu. Iyo yakagadziriswa yakagadzirwa nesoprene, iyo yakasangana nesarufa, haina yezvisungo zviviri. Icho chimiro chechigadzirwa uye chinotsanangura masimba ayo.

Polyisoprene rubbers vanoona mapurogiramu ose anoshandiswa mukugadzira ndege, motokari, mabhasikoro uye matairi.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinogona kutaurira chimiro chemugumo we isoprene? Inogona kuwirirana nekubatana kwemaoko nemamolekoro e halogenated hydrocarbons, halogen, hydrogen, nemvura. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti isoprene ndeyekirasi ye unsaturated hydrocarboni.

Nzira dzekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuwana mishonga inoprene. Semuenzaniso, mune zvinoitwa neacetylene ne acetone, zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwepakati pemiti ye methylbutynol. Mushure mekudonhorera kwayo, huwandu hwemvura inopera mvura inoprene. Zvinogonawo kuwana 2-methylbutadiene-1,3 kubva kupropylene. Pakusarudza zvinokonzera, methane inogona kuwanikwa sechinhu chinowedzera.

Kushandiswa kwesoprene

Iyo yakawanda yeyo isoprene inoberekwa inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwe isoprene rubber. Inenge yakangofanana mune zvemuviri uye chemakemikari maitiro kune zvinhu zvepanyama. Pakati pezvikamu zvekushandiswa kwegadziriro yakakwirira yemakemikari, tinoshevedza kugadzirwa kwematairi emotokari.

Mukuwedzera kune-cis-isomerom, pakati pezvigadzirwa zvepolymerization kunewo mutsva-mutsva ane gutta-percha maitiro. Haina mhando yezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimusi. Iyi inonzi polymer inoenda pakusikwa kwegorofu bhora, uyewo kuti ibudise mafungiro emagetsi emagetsi. Pakati pematavi anokosha ekushandiswa kwe-isoprene ndiko kushandiswa kwepolymeric zvinhu zve styrene-isoprene-styrene rudzi. Mishonga yerudzi urwu inoshandiswa se thermoplastic zvinhu uye zvinomanikidzwa zvakanyatsobatanidzwa.

Isoprene inofanirwa kubatanidza asiyl rubber, iyo yakawanda inowanikwa mukati mayo inosvika kusvika pamatatu.

Sezvo kuguma kwezana remakore rapfuura muUnited States of America kwakatanga kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi etippenes kubva pakusanganiswa kwekutanga kwe isoprene, acetylene, acetone. Inyanzvi iyo nzira iyi yaive yakagadzirirwa inofungidzirwa kuti isati yemazamu maviri.