Zvinyorwa zvemashoko ezvinyorwa. Kushandiswa kwemashoko emitauro mukutaura

Mutauro weRussia ndewumwe wakapfuma uye unofananidzira zvikuru munyika nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvinoreva zvinoreva. Puroseology ndeye chikamu chemitauro umo kusanganisa kusinganzwisisiki kwemashoko kunodzidzwa, kunonzi inokosha mitsara inoshandiswa. Nekubatsirwa kwavo, kutaura kunova kwakaisvonaka.

Chii chinonzi "phraseology" chinorevei? Nguva yekutaura

Munhu mumwe nomumwe anoshandisa mitsetse yemapapiro mumutauro wake nemaune kana kuti asingazivi kuti ape kumuvara wepfungwa. Kure nemunhu wese anoziva mhedzisiro yezvinyorwa zvemashoko akasiyana uye izvo zvakasiyana kubva kune mamwe mazwi. Kuti anzwisise mabasa emitsara yemapapiro uye kwete kuvhiringidza navo nemamwe mapurisa ekutaura, zvakakosha kuziva maitiro avo.

1. Zvinyorwa zvemashoko nguva dzose zvinongororwa zvakajeka, kureva, zvinosanganisira mazwi maviri kana kupfuura.

2. Iva nechinangwa chisina kujeka. Puroseology haigoni kugoverwa, asi inogona kuratirwa mune mamwe mazwi-maonero. Semuenzaniso, izwi rokuti "mupumburu" rinoshandiswa mupfungwa ye "kusazvidza mumwe munhu zvisina musoro".

3. Kusiyana nemashoko asingasunungurwi, mazwi anongoratidzirwa anoratidzirwa nekusimbiswa kwezvakagadzirirwa - zvikamu hazvina kuchinja munhamba uye genera (iwe haugoni kuti "kati yakadanidzira" panzvimbo yeikuru yekubatana "kati yakachema" kana kuti panzvimbo ye "mhinzwa haidzidze" - Nezvinoreva "vazhinji" uye "zvishoma" zvinowanzoshandiswa mumutauro).

4. Kurongeka kwemashoko kwakagadzirirwa mumitsetse ine mapapiro. Zvakashata kutaura "mapfupa uye ganda" pane "ganda uye bone." Mutemo uyu unoshanda kune zvose zvinyorwa.

5. Mitsetse ine mapapiro yemutauro umwe, sekutonga, haishanduri shoko shoko kune rimwe. Kana muchiRussia kune mutsara wokuti "kupfira mukati mudenga", chiChirungu chichati "gara udzoke nechingwe chako", apo chinoreva chichava chimwe - "kusvibiswa".

Mabasa emashoko ekunyora mumutauro

Mitsetse yemapapiro inopa kutaura vivacity uye mifananidzo. Zivo yemashoko inotendwa inofanirwa munzvimbo dzose dzebasa revanhu, kazhinji vatori venhau vanotendeukira kune maitiro akadaro muzvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa, asi nokuda kweizvi zvakafanira kuziva chaizvoizvo zvinyorwa zvinorevei zvinoreva. Kuitwa kweanorist kana satirist inowedzera kujeka uye inojekesa kana akaisa mitsetse ine mapapiro mumuromo wake. Kushandiswa kwemashoko ezvinyorwa muzvinyorwa zvepepanhau zvakagara zvichikosha, uye kazhinji munyori wenyaya yacho anovataurira kugadziriswa kwekusika. Kune mavhesi mashanu apo mutsara wemapapiro unotakura chinangwa chitsva.

1. Kuwedzerwa kwehutano kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekujekesa mazwi: "Makate, kwete madutu maduku, asi makuru, ane mavara akasviba akaoma, akarova mwoyo wake." Muchiitiko ichi, mhedzisiro inonyatsozivikanwa yakabviswa mumamwe mazwi.
2. Kugamuchira kuderedzwa (kuderedzwa) kunoratidzwa mumatafura anozivikanwa eTV "Usaberekwa Wakanaka". Inonyengeterera kuenderera mberi: "uye ugozvarwa ufare."
3. Zvinyorwa zvemashoko ekunyora magwaro anowanikwa kubva ku classical yakagadzikana kusanganiswa. Saka, rechiLatin motto "veni, vidi, vici" ("yakauya, yakaonekwa, yakakunda") mutori wenhau anogona kugadzirisa nenzira yake pachake: "akauya, akaona, yakanyorwa."
4. Kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvakati: "Handizvo nei kutya kunonzi kunotyisa, kuti Bhabhi Mwari akaseka mumvura zhinji yeHericeric kuseka?" Kubatanidza kunofanira kubudirira, kuitira kuti mutsara hauonekwe.
5. Kuparadzwa kwekutaura kwekufananidzira, apo izwi rinotsanangurwa rinoreva zvakananga, uye kwete mifananidzo, somuenzaniso: "Mufananidzo waBuddha waiva nemaoko endarama".

Mitsetse yemapapiro yakauya sei?

Kuumbwa kwetsika yevanhu vese kwakaitwa kwemazana emakore akawanda, nhaka yenyika imwe yakatanga kufarira vamwe, semugumisiro weiyo unogona kuona chiitiko chekufananidzwa. Zvinyorwa zveRussia zvinyorwa zvikamu zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri makuru: zvikuru-Russian uye akweretwa. Mashoko emapapiro mumutauro weRussia akakwererwa kubva kuSlavic uye kwete maSlavic. Kubva kuChirungu kwakave nemashoko anonakidza "dutu mugirazi remvura," "kuva kana kuti kusava," "mhandara pane pea." Nekudaro, chiRussia mitsara inopararira pasi rose. ICzechs neBrithani vachiri kufara nemashoko ane mapapiro e "bheteri service", "hero yezuva redu" nevamwe vakawanda.

Maso-echiRussia anotaura zvikamu zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka makuru matatu: obscheslavianskie, vostochnosljanskie uye samo-russkie. Kusiyana kunokonzerwa nenharaunda yavakaparadzirwa.

1. Slavic yakare kare kana Proto-Slavic inogona kutumirwa kunotsanangudzo pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvine chokuita neBhaibheri, semuenzaniso, "Kristu pachifuva" mune zvinoreva "kuchengeteka zvakakwana."
2. East Slavic mazwi ezvinyorwa akaparidzirwa neRussia, Byelorussians neUkraine ("gadzai nguruve" - "ita zvinorehwa," "kana danda kana dare" - "hapana zvachose").
3. Mashoko emapapiro emutauro weRussia anotaura: "ane gulkin mphu" - "zvishoma", "chengetedza muromo wako" - "kunyarara."

Stylistic zvinyorwa zvemashoko

Munhu anoshandisa mumutauro wake wakagadzikana kusanganiswa kwemashoko ane zvinoreva zvinorehwa, asingatombofungi nezvazvo, uye dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva dzinoita seisina kunaka. Masayendisiti akaparadzanisa zvose zvinyorwa zvinyorwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvichienderana nekunyorera mavara.

1. Kusatenderera kusanganisa , kwakadai se "Gore Idzva", "pfungwa yekuona." Puroseologisms nezvinoreva chirongwa chakadaro, sekutonga, zviri nyore mukududzira, sezvo munhu achizvishandisa mumutauro wake kazhinji.
2. Bhuku . Zvinogona kushandiswa kwete chete mumabhuku akadhindwa, asiwo mumutauro wezuva nezuva - izvi zvicharatidza dzidzo yemunhu ("Babylonian pandemonium", "Achilles" chitsitsinho "). Zvisinei, hazvina kukodzera kushandiswa kwebhuku remitauro inowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongwa kana kazhinji.
3. Kukurukurirana . Rinoshandiswa kakawanda "white crow", "buffoon peas" uye mamwe mazita emagetsi. Girasi yechitanhatu ndiyo nguva yakakodzera kwazvo yekudzidzira mudzidzi nemashoko akafanana, kuitira kuti atange kuvashandisa nesimba.
4. Zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki zvinyorwa zvisingabvumirwi mumutauro wemunhu akadzidziswa, kunyanya mune zvigaro zvepamutemo. Nokuda kwechimiro, iwe unogona kusarudza izwi rakanaka rinosanganiswa. Saka, mutsara we "stuffed fool" unogona kushandurwa ne phraseology "inouya semiraira."

Mashoko ane mapapiro mumimwe mitauro

Vanhu vose vemunyika vane ruzivo rwakakura rwemitauro, iyo inogona kuonekwa nemabhuku. Mitsetse ine mapapiro inowanikwa kwete muRussia chete, asiwo mune dzimwe dzakawanda. Kazhinji, zvikamu zvinoshanduka, saka hazvisi nguva dzose kunzwisiswa kuti zvinorevei zvinorehwa, asi zvinoreva zvinoramba zvakafanana. Zvimwe kusiyana zvinogona kuwanikwa mumuenzaniso weChirungu.

• Izwi rokuti "rare bird" ("rara") rakabva muchiLatin. Mumutauro weRussia kwakaonekwa izwi rokuti "white crow", uye muchiChirungu shanduro haina kuchinja.
• "Rwisana sehove iri pamusoro pechando" - saka vanoti pamusoro pomumwe munhu ari kuita basa rakaoma uye risina basa. MuchiShona, mazwi anonzwika se "svitsa mutsetse nemuswe".
• Puroseologisms "kugadzira gomo kubva mumapapiro" uye "kugadzirwa kwemajobvu" ndiyo yakakwana, asi yekutanga inowanikwa pakati pevanhu veEurope.
• MuchiChirungu, kutaura kwemapapiro "sekuvhuvhuta kwemhepo" kunonzwika se "kupera mumhepo yakajeka." Saka vanotaura nezvemumwe munhu akakurumidza kuparara asinganzwisisi.
• Izwi rakakurumbira rokuti "sekaviri kaviri nevana" mumutauro weChirungu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana: "zvakajeka semhino pameso." Icho chinopindirana nezivo isina simba yemasvomhu here?
• MuchiChirungu, mazwi okuti "kudana zvinhu nemazita avo akakodzera" anonzwika zvakare mazwi: "kudana foshoro foshoro." Mubvunzo unonakidza ungamuka: "Sei munda wekurima, kwete pudding kana kofi?"

• Kana munhu weRussia ati "chengeta muromo wako uvhare," mutauro weChirungu achaita bhokisi rinokurukura "bhatani pamuromo wake." Kuti uzive kuti chii chinyorwa chinoreva kuti iwe hauna kunzwa kare, unofanira kutendeukira kuduramazwi.
• Mamwe mazwi ane mapapiro kubva kuvanhu vakasiyana-siyana venyika vanochengetedza zvakakwana dudziro yemadhinduri muchidhinduro. Nokudaro, mazwi okuti "inopinda nomumoto nemvura", "chirwere chemashoko", "mweya usingatauri" uye "kutsvaga nenyuchi mumasango" inonzwika zvakafanana mumutauro weChirungu neRussia.

Mifananidzo ine mapapiro yevevezi, vafambisi vezvikepe nevamwe

Mumutauro weRussia, boka guru rinoshandiswa nemitauro inowanzoshandiswa mune rimwe rudzi rwebasa. Cherechedza kuti mapoka anokonzera mutsara anokwira sei munharaunda yakamanikana yevanhu, iyo inowanzova yakakosha kuvanhu. Saka, mazwi anonyanya kufanirwa evanomhanya "kumhanyira pasi" uye "kuenda nekuyerera" ane chirevo chekufananidzira - "kuramba usina chinhu" uye "kuteerera mitemo." Mitsara "haisati ichitsva kana kuti inotch", "kutema pasi pomuti" uye mamwe anoshandiswa mubhizimisi semavezi vavezi, uye gare gare mamwe ose. Kana vabati vehove vachishandisa mutsara wokuti "shandisai" kana kuti "hovha pachigamba" mumutauro wavo, vamwe vose vanotaura saizvozvo mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kufanira kubata hove. Nokudaro, zvinyorwa zvemashoko akafanana zvinogona kuwanika mune unyanzvi hwemaitiro emabasa.

Mashoko ane mapapiro uye kare

Nyika yemazuva ano inobhadhara zvakanyanya kune tsika yekare yeGreece neRoma, sezvakaitwa zvidzidzo zvekare zvekare zvekare munguva ino. Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvekare zvekare uye epikisi zvinoshandiswa mumabhuku emakore anhasi. Zvinyorwa zvemashoko ezvinyorwa zvinowanikwa muGreece neRoma, sezvo nyaya dzekare dzakagara dzichida vanhu vose.

Nhasi hazvishamisi kunzwa mutauro we "phrase" uchipinda mumaoko aMorpheus, "uye mberi kwekuti tenzi wezwi awanzoshandurwa kune ino. Mhedzisiro yemashoko ane mapapiro inosanganiswa pakarepo nematambudziko maviri. Kurara morphine kunowanikwa kubva pamisoro yemaruva emupoppy, uye mwari Morpheus muGreece yekare aisaswa nemaruva epoppy uye haana kumbomutsa meso ake.

Hymen munyika yekare - mutongi wewanano. Kutaura nezvekubatana kwevanoda vaviri, vanowanzoshandisa mazwi ekubatanidza, ane shoko rinomiririra maketani, ligaments kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatanidza. Nezvisungo zvakasungirirwa mumwe munhu kune mumwe - uye zvakaonekwa semashoko ekuti "zvisungo zveHymen", zvinoreva rudo rusingaperi nerudo rwevanhu vaviri.

Kare kare, mwarikadzi wekusawirirana Eris akasarudza kutsiva pane vamwari, avo vasina kumukoka kumabiko. Akavakandira aporo yendarama nechinyorwa chakanyorwa kuti "Hera akanaka kwazvo, Aphrodite naAthena." Vatatu vamwarikadzi vakakavadzana kwenguva yakareba vanofanirwa kupfeka zita iri, asi Paris yakaita sarudzo yaro mukuda mwarikadzi werudo. Nokuda kweizvi, akamubatsira kuwana Elena, nekuda kweiyo nguva yakareba yeHarry War yakatanga. Saka zvakaonekwa "phrase of discord".

ChiGiriki chekare chinyorwa Aesop chakanga chisina kupiwa kune munhu wose. Mukutaura kwake, aigara achishandisa nzira yekufananidzira, nekuda kwezvinhu izvo vanhu vaipoteredza vaisagona kufungidzira zvaaitaura. Nhasi, mashoko okuti "mutauro weAsopi" inoreva kukwanisa kuratidza mafungiro avo mumagariro nemifananidzo.

Basa remashoko ezvinyorwa muzvinyorwa

Basa rezvinyorwa zvakadhindwa ndekukwezva vaverengi uye kuwana hurukuro yevateereri, nekuda kwekuti zvinoda zvepanhau zvichagara zvakakwirira. Vanyori vekuverenga vanowanzoedza kutsvaga zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvitsvene, zvichienderana nemashoko. Munyika dzeCIS vanoremekedza uye vanoyeuka vanyori veRussia veHorld Age, ndicho chikonzero ivo vanowanzosarudza zita rehurukuro rukurumbira rweGriboyedov "Ndivanaani vatongi?" Kubva mubasa rake "Nhamo kubva kuWi". Kazhinji kazhinji, vanyori vanoshandisa zvikamu zvemashoko kana kuwedzera nazvo nemashoko matsva emitauro. Saka, mumusoro wekuti "Zvikwereti hazvipise," pane kubatana naMikhail Bulgakov uye kutaura kwake kwakakurumbira "Manuscripts haiti kupisa." Nokudaro, zvinyorwa zvemashoko ezvinyorwa zvakare ndeyezvinyorwa. Mitsara yevanhu mapapiro "ngarava huru iyo inoshambira" uye "majeko mukuwa" vanotenda "vatori venhau vakashandura" guru ruble guru kushambira "uye" maMei maawa mumugumo vanotenda. " Nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti kushandiswa kwemashoko emagariro muzvinyorwa nguva dzose kunokwevera vaverengi. Zvakakosha kuziva chirevo chechimiro chimwe nechimwe chekunyora, kuitira kuti parege kunyara.

Zvikanganiso mune kushandiswa kwemashoko ezvinyorwa

Munhu akadzidzira anoedza kurongedza kutaura kwake nemitsetse ine mapapiro, shandisa mazwi echiremba nemashoko ekune dzimwe nyika. Kazhinji kushandiswa kweimwe chimiro kana chimwe chinhu chakakanganisa, izvo zvinogona kuchinja zvinoreva mamiriro acho ezvinhu uye kuchinja zvachose. Pane huwandu hwakashata hunoonekwa kakawanda mumutauro wemunhu.

Zvimwe zvinoderedza kusagadzikana kwehuwandu hwemashoko ehurumende semugumisiro wekushayikwa chimwe chinhu: "kubudirira komudzidzi kunoda zvakanakisisa" panzvimbo ye "kubudirira kwevadzidzi kusiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa." Iyo fomu yekutanga inoshandiswa zvisina kururama. Kushandurwa kweimwe yezvikamu zvingava chepakutanga, asi dzimwe nguva zvinokonzera kuseka.

Vashandi vemafirimu vanowanzoshandisa zvinyorwa muhurukuro dzavo "apo rutsoka rwevanyori haruna kutsika rutsoka." Muchibatanidzwa chakachengetedzeka, munyaya iyi, panzvimbo yezwi rokuti "munhu", imwe yakasarudzwa.

Kudzokorora chikamu chiri pedyo nemutsva ndichokanganiso chinogona kutungamirira munhu akadzidziswa kumira. Saka pane nzvimbo yakarurama ye "usakanganiswa ushingi" unogona kunzwa "kwete mwoyo wakarashika" - chiito chekare chekare chakasarudzwa panzvimbo yekusingaperi.

Kushandurwa kwakaipa kwema grammatical forms, zvakare, kunogona kukonzera kuseka, kunyanya kana panzvimbo yemashoko inotsanangura "kupisa mhonye" vanhu vanonzwa "mhonye inopisa." Kushandura imwe chete kune yakawanda hakugamuchirwi.

Kazhinji kacho kukanganisa kunozviratidza mumusanganiswa wemashoko maviri. Puroseologisms "inoreva" uye "inobata" inogona kuvhiringidzika pamwe chete, zvichiguma nechinoshamisa che "play play".

Kukundikana kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemashoko ane mapapiro nderekutarisira kwakakomba, nokuti izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune mazano asina musoro, saka zvakakosha kuziva kuti mapurogiramu anokwira sei uye mune zviitiko zvipi zvinofanira kushandiswa. Saka, mutsara wokuti "vanofara vakapedza kudzidza rwiyo rwavo" (rwiyo rwunoimbwa nenyasi inouraya) rinonzwika risina maturo, saka kana iwe usingazivi nezvekushandiswa kwemashoko, usatora mikana.

Kakawanda sei tinoshandisa mashoko emapapiro? Phraseologism mumutauro wezuva nezuva

Munhu anoshandisa mitsetse yemapapiro mumutauro kakawanda pane zvaanoita. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinoitika zvisingazivikanwi. Saka, kune rimwe zuva vamwe vanoti mashomanana emashoko mashoma. Kazhinji chikoro chekuchikoro chinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvinyorwa (girasi 6 nepamusoro).

Isu tinodana "scapegoat" munhu anofanirwa kubhadharira kukanganisa kwevamwe, uye kutsamwira mumwe munhu, ati "Ndichakuratidza kuz'kina amai vangu!" Kuedza kuzadzikisa zvakakosha kuburikidza nekuedza kose, tino "shanduka segorokisi mune gumbo", uye takasviba, tinotanga "kushanda kuburikidza nemapurasitiki." Kuona mukadzi akange akanyarara, ane mwero, tichamutumidza kuti "dandelion yaMwari," uye munhu anooneka sechivi chisina kunaka chemunhu - "gwai rakasviba mumhuri."

Kazhinji kacho vanhu vanoda kutora zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyatsoziva, kuti vataure mazwi anesheti. Vatauri, zvichienderana nehurukuro yekutaura kwavo, tangai nemashoko ane mapapiro, kuitira kuti vateereri varatidze kufarira kwakanyanya. Vakomana vaduku vanowanzo "nyundo museve" kuti vawane hukama, uye vasati vasarudza izvo "vanosungira honye" kuitira kuti vawane simba. Vana kunze kwekuchikoro "vanorasikirwa nenzeve" dzemirayiridzo dzakachenjera dzevabereki vavo, pamusoro pazvo "zvakadzika pasi" mushure memakore mashungu. Nokudaro, phraseology yakanyatsosimbiswa muhupenyu hwevanhu vose.