I. S. Turgenev "Fathers uye Sons": nzvimbo muchinangwa yokufungidzira

Musoro mukuru mabhuku mabasa "Vanababa uye Sons" - kutambura vasingawirirani makirasi: kwamachinda uye akarurama democratic echimurenga pfungwa vechidiki. kunetsana Izvi zvinoratidzwa chaiwo wenyaya yokufungidzira. Naizvozvo, kuti chichiwedzera zvakanyatsojeka buritsa zvose zvinoreva, Turgenev anoshandisa zvisikwa, inova mhenyu nzira, sokunge mumwe kuchiri kukosha chaizvo uye kusarudza hunhu mune basa "Vanababa uye Sons." Basa vaiongorora iri yokufungidzira uri kuziva chaizvo uye hunakidze. Kazhinji, Russian hunhu mumabhuku kwakanga kwatoitika dzayo zvakasimba. Turgenev, somunhu kucherechedza uye anoziva zvakawanda pamusoro nyaya iri guru akadzama uye inotsanangura girl ichokwadi, nokuda kwavo akasika zvakafanira mupfungwa mutoro.

"Vanababa uye Sons": nzvimbo muchinangwa yokufungidzira

tsananguro rokutanga yezvakaita vasangana apo aifamba vanonyanya kutaurwa muna Marino. Turgenev Izvi zvinoratidza zvinoitika anokudzwa Estates. Handiti, dambudziko rakanga risiri chete Kirsanovsky mumisha, asi zvose pamusoro Russia. Varume zvairatidzika akaondoroka uye vakakanganisa, mhou - akaondoroka, ivo nokukara kundofudza. In pakati zuva dzvuku akamuka mweya chena uye mugwenga dzechando pamwechete blizzards uye chando. Upenyu murombo murimi mudiki munyori Rinobatanidzwa isingaperi uye kujeka muchando.

Kana munyori akanyora kuti ake mabhuku Paaidzidzisa, vatsoropodzi vakawanda zvinooneka pamusoro chii kwakakonzerwa zvaakasika. "Vanababa uye Sons" - kusikwa achirondedzera zvakaitika 1861 - Munguva serfdom, asati kwayo kukanzura.

ebetsero unyanzvi

The nzvimbo yose yokufungidzira kwete chete pane zvemagariro, asi mupfungwa. Kuburikidza chikumbiro nechisikirwo anosikwa nyika yomukati uye zvakajeka kune pfungwa dzake uye nemanzwiro. mitoo yakadai pamatanho ose anoshandisa Turgenev mubasa rake, "Vanababa uye Sons." Description zvakasikwa kunoita kuti bereka sendarama uye chinokosha hunhu unhu vatambi vavo. Anonyora Somuenzaniso, pamusoro Arcadia, kuti paakanga achifunga, tsime yawana ake, kumativi ose rakanga mutema, richibwinya uye akavhunduka nokuda noushamwari mhepo, ipapo akadurura larks zvikuru. Kubva Arkady ichi simba pfungwa dzake, akakanda nguvo yake, akatarisa baba vake uyewo kamwe, ake aifara boyish Kutarira akamumbundira.

Turgenev kusiyana kukuru nzvimbo zuva duel ( "yakanaka uye yakachena mangwanani"), kuti uzive zvakaipa zvakazoitika uye rinoratidza unnaturalness rufu yakadaro benzi. Naizvozvo Iye anosimbisa maturo vanhu pamberi noumambo uye runako hunhu. The nzvimbo pano inova chiratidzo upenyu kwechokwadi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kumakuva paguva Bazarov.

"Vanababa uye Sons": iri protagonists

Zvino, zvichida, zvinokosha kuti ndifambire mberi rondedzero rangano - chete nemashoko mashomanana kuti zvakawanda pachena pamusoro chii pane kutaura. In ake basa "Fathers uye vanakomana," vanonyanya kutaurwa ndivo Russian muvanhu kuti anotanga kuumba mutsva mhando yepamusoro vanhu, vanhuwo zvavo Democrats vakapinda zamu chido chokuchinja huripo mugadziriro kuRussia.

Tanga "Vanababa uye Sons" (pfupiso kubudikidza zvitsauko nezvazvo) pamwe kuti mugove wokutanga Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich, anogara mupurazi rake Marino, chakamirira kudzoka mwanakomana wake, uyo anoenda kumusha kwete oga.

Chitsauko chechipiri otaura Arkady pamwe baba shamwari vake. Uye Yevgeny Bazarov rakaita aingovawo munhu, izvo zvinogona kurapwa pasina mhemberero uye pasina kunyara.

musangano

Chii kunakidza nemabasa "Vanababa uye Sons", muChitsauko 3 nzvimbo vaisagona kuva zvakarurama anorondedzera mamiriro evanhu. baba vangu akafara chaizvo kusangana mwanakomana kugara Anodongorera ari shamwari yake Bazarova Evgeniya Ilicha (Student-Nihilist, uyo ari kudzidza panguva chiremba), uye kunyange kutya, kuti haana kunzwa pfungwa dzake pamusoro kunoshamisa runako hwezvisikwa. Mushure Eugene vaiona yezvakaita chechi haisi runako inogona kuyemurwa, uye musangano apo vanhu vane kurishandisa kuti voruzhinji yavo uye. Bazarov munyaya nihilism ndiyo chipangamazano yeshamwari yake odnodumtsa uye anoshora tsika kuchinja maonero vabereki vake nevanun'una Kirsanovs liberalism - baba uye sekuru Arcadia.

Nikolai Petrovich Turgenev Ainzwira tsitsi zvikuru, uye iye akarondedzera gazebo, "vashoma uye anonhuwira," Akati pamusoro utsanana, softness uye romanticism mweya wake.

Asi Odintsov mumunda pamwe nzira dzakarurama, dzakadimburirwa nemisipiresi wakasimwa uye girinihausi anosika pfungwa artificiality upenyu, nokuti monotonous uye hukuru.

Bazarov, nemumwe rinofananidza vanhu miti. Iye anoyeuka pauduku hwake uye Aspen pamupendero mugomba. muti uyu aiva ake miviri - anozvikudza, ndakasurukirwa uye akatsamwa kwazvo. Kazhinji, unogona pakarepo kuti akashama ziso kuona kuti zvose magamba ose yokufungidzira vari kuedzwa ukama hwavo zvakasikwa. Uye hazvishamisi kuti pedyo Bazarov Odintsov, sezvo zvikazooneka, vane zvakawanda zvakafanana.

Mufananidzo mugwagwa

In ake basa "Fathers uye Sons," pfupiso zvitsauko zvishoma nezvishoma anopa Kunyatsoona okutanga kwematsutso chisinga- zvakasikwa inouyisa wakafara katsamba nyaya uye tariro vachiri update. Uye pasinei nomufaro landscape, kukosha patsime achipinda magamba kubva pamazera akasiyana richiratidzwa dzakasiyana. Arkady chete akafara chaizvo zuva, baba vake Nikolai anotora nhetembo Pushkin kuti, pfungwa dzake dzose dziri pamwe chete "nendangariro inokosha" nedzekare. mufananidzo uyu enzira vachaenda yose chokurondedzera rangano.

Landscape acharamba fambisa kunzwa nzvimbo, pane imwe namahwindo nzvimbo. Pashure pezvose, akanga asiri magamba pasina kufamba nguva dzose. Achangosvika ikoko pamberi ake mufananidzo Russia uye nhetembo guru Tiutchev "misha ava murombo."

muzvarirwo

Kana mabasa "Vanababa uye Sons", serakavakwa muchinangwa yokufungidzira kwazvo chinokosha. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hunhu aisa rokupedzisira pfungwa iri rondedzero. Anogumisa upenyu magamba ose. Munguva epilogue anotsanangura serakavakwa vomumusha kumakuva, raiva chokupedzisira hwokuti Bazarov pfungwa akundikana, zvarinotaura vakundikana uye achakurumidza kuvigwa. Ndizvo chete zvisikwa achagara nezvokusakwana "asingagumi, rugare uye kuyanana."

zvakajeka nayo prescribes Turgenev kushanda "Vanababa uye Sons." Basa vaiongorora iri yokufungidzira hwakakura kwazvo, papera munyori achibatsirwa zvavo kufarira nzira zvinoratidza ndivanaani Bazarov, uyo vachaonekwa kwavo kwechokwadi hunhu. Magumisiro upenyu Bazarov zvikuru. Iye kudanana nechirikadzi, akapfuma Odintsov, uye ipapo, utachiwana typhus, akafa.

Peace uye kurudziro

In ake basa "Fathers uye Sons" prices zvoga. Bazarov, sokunge hunhu otsiva nokuda kusanzwisisa yake, asi kana gamba haana kunzwa, "akapinda musango uye vafambe nayo refu kufambira mberi, nokuputsa matavi uye achiuya mhiri zvinyoronyoro scolding naye uye ini ...". Zvisinei, Turgenev anoratidza kuti haasi zvachose tariro vanhu, nekuti vakanga musarasikirwe pfungwa runako.

Odintsov anenge hanya zvakasikwa, kufanana Bazarov, iye akafamba mubindu chete nokuti zvatinosiita chinhu kwaari. Asi nokuti Nikolai Petrovich zvisikwa zviri rine rakafuridzirwa. Katerina uye Arkadi - vaduku uye asinganetseki, ivo chaizvoizvo mwana murudo naye. Kunyange zvazvo Arkady uye akaedza munzira dzose kuzvivanza, asi chokwadi chiri zvakare pachena.

Fenichka pamusoro serakavakwa kumashure zhizha anotarira "kururamisa kubva netini." Bazarov, kunyange vachiramba runako rwenyika, asi pachigadziko subconscious pamwero mumwe naye. Kuti tinzwisise pachake, anoenda famba musango, apo iye anotsamwa uye atsamwa. Nature anogona kuvimba, inova munhu unwitting uchapupu zvakaitika.

mhedziso

Muna nganonyorwa "Fathers uye Sons" akataura netsamba yacho uduku zviri protagonist Bazarov kubvumira unzwisise mweya wake, paaitaura baba vake, iye anoti: "Ndinofarira uchityaira pano, akafara wenyu Birch momuti, zvakanaka rwakatambanudzwa." Pano anoratidza kuti mweya wake hauna asi utsinye sezvo achida kuratidza.

Turgenev pano zvinoratidza zvikuru sei yakadzika uye nomugumisiro kwevanhu, ari kunobva ake pfungwa, manzwiro uye moods.