Howa tupukanana sezvo ngozi zviyo miti

The chikuru fungal zvirwere zvinomera zviri nechipiriso marudzi tupukanana akadai ergot, smut uye ngura.

Development anotanga ergot mu rye maruva ari padariro ovary, mauri zviyo nzeve panzvimbo wakaumba sclerotia pamusoro chakuvhe, chisvetasimba, iyo inotungamirira tikarega goho. Mukuwedzera, inobatwa zviyo sclerotia (ane chepfu) uye zvadaro naye naiyewo milled kuti yevanhu uye mhuka chepfu. Uyewo, notumwe aya tupukanana angatanga pamusoro rekushongedzesa mhuka uye bhari zvimwe mhando.

Ustilaginales tupukanana zvingamuka pakati ovaries namaruva. Ivo zvinokanganisa madzinde kukura pfungwa, izvo inoumbwa Nzeve pachayo, kuderedza goho pane kukuvadza zvikuru kurima. Izvi chirimwa-parasitic notumwe vozdeystuyut dzose nemhando dzose bota, asi hunhu zvichiitika zvirwere zvakasiyana neimwe mhando bota. Chinonyanya shingirira chisvetasimba vaiona unzenza smut, kukuvadza zvinogona kusvika gumi muzana zvirimwa. Uyezve, ichi kubva fungal tupukanana mhando miti ungagadzirisa uye nezvikara rekushongedzesa.

How zvichiberekana ari chakuvhe parasitic mienzaniso pamberi penyu.

Fungal mycelium, kukura nedambudziko nhengo, uchiora kupinda kukakavadzana anoshongwa anenge dema, mauri hunde (earing) Plant Parasitic notumwe batanidza charred chitarisiko.

Akarova bhari Loose smut Spike anoumba kwakakanganisa simba rine rima guru dusting spores pachinzvimbo maruva uye Spikelets, uye smut kuti nokuumba spores ayo mukati zviyo.

tupukanana Ustilaginales zvinomera the rye two pemashanga chokuita netsika.

Otsi ari pasi nezvemarudzi maviri zvirwere: huruva uye bunt (huruva vakagovera zvakawanda).

Gorosi chete parasitic notumwe kukanganisa smut.

Parasitic notumwe anokonzera ngura, akarova pemashanga uye mashizha zvinomera, kuonekwa sezvo micheka yakatsemurwa shava kana orenji ruvara, iro zvino kuchinja dema kana shava. Ngura inobata zvose zvezviyo dzomusango rekushongedzesa, uyewo mamwe marudzi zvirimwa. Kunyange zvakananga kukuvara bota weevil izvi howa-tupukanana musamutsa, vanoita kuti chimiro havaratidzi yazara, raunyanira zviyo uye ezasi goho. Ngura notumwe, utachiona hwacho hunogona kukamurwa zvitatu mhando:

- Linear Ngura (izvo akagamuchira kuparadzira mukuru pakati ichi mhando);

- shava Ngura (kukanganisa zvikurukuru gorosi uye rye);

- Crown Ngura (vanosarudza kuva pamusoro oats).

Ngura notumwe, utachiona hwacho uye zvazvinoita nezvimwe zvinomera, akadai apila, neshinda, Timoti. Kunyange akadai foxtail uye wheatgrass, zvakare, haagoni kuzviramba navo.

Inokuvadza chinokonzera chirwere ari pamusoro notumwe, tupukanana wemiriwo mhuka uye kukudziridzwa ndechokuti vazova muchetura uye kukodzera kufudza. Muenzaniso kukuvadza notumwe, tupukanana zvinogona kuonekwa kuti hafu muzana miti utachiona ine uswa hwakaoma rinorapika zvipfuwo zvirwere, dzimwe nguva kugumisa mhuka afa.

Plant parasitic notumwe kombera uye tsanga muchando (chakuvhe Sclerotinia). Kuti goho hwomuti kubva chando madzinde mashizha akafukidzwa ine grayish ainzwa fungal shinda izvozvo gare gare kukura kupinda mashizha sheaths madzinde mukati murima, diki (kubvira imwe nhanhatu millimeters) sclerotia. Zvadaro, miti izvi mushure chando kutendeukira yero, shrivel uye kufa.

Winter zvirimwa kupesvedzera imwe ngozi, kunouya kwavari muchimiro inokudza maturo. Mhaka inokudza maturo ndiye damping-kure, achiperekedzwa munhu mawa kusimudzira parasitic chando muforoma, apo mhosva kunoitika, iyo chakuvhe Fusarium.

Tiine parasitic notumwe vanofanira kuitisa kurerutsa hondo, zvimwe kuramba pasina chingwa, pasina zvinhu mhuka.