Where pamepu iri Lena River? Lena River pamepu weRussia. Apo rwizi runoyerera kupinda Lena?

Lena River (pamepu Russia, ichi nzvimbo inoti inomira kundorwa pakanyorwa dzimwe) ndiro pakukura Eastern Siberia. Uyezve, zviri chegumi ari mazita wakarebesa nzizi munyika. Where pamepu iri Lena River? Nokuti dzimwe nzvimbo kunoitika? Chii nemisha dziri pamwe nayo? Izvo zvavo kupfuura? On ichi nezvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji ichakurukurwa gare gare munyaya.

tsananguro

Nzvimbo pamepu ndeipi Lena River, rinosanganisira kumatunhu akawanda Russian. Zvikurukuru, zvinotora nzvimbo Irkutsk, Amur Region, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk uye Transbaikal micheto, uyewo Buryatia uye Yakutia. Lena River, mapikicha paunogona kuona kumusoro, ndiye pakukura Russia. dziva Its nhema mukati kuti State. Vasvika zita rwizi? Zvinofungidzirwa kuti midzi yawo vavete mutauro Evenki runobva kuna rechiManchu Tungus boka. Akava aiongorora piyona demid pyanda. Lena River estuary akadana "Elyuene". Zvadaro, zita yakashandurwa uye akatora chimiro chayo ano.

jogirafi

Lena River pamepu yeRussia anotarisa guru ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Kureba kwayo anenge 4400? Km. Bheseni ane nzvimbo 2490 sq. M. m. Zvichienderana hunhu kuerera vari vatatu mugove. Wokutanga bhuku zvinosanganisira rwizi Lena (kadhi rake zvakanaka zvinoonekwa) asati Vitim. By kuguma kwayo kusvikira maererano of Aldan - chikamu chechipiri. Rezasi chikamu chechitatu - kubva Aldan kunzvimbo rwizi mainozonodira Lena (ndiyo nenyanza yeLaptev).

yokumusoro kosi

Ndiyo nzvimbo pamepu ndeipi Lena River, rinosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana tsaukana zvinhu dzakananga kune nzvimbo. Zvikurukuru, kuyerera kunotangira kubva mudhamu, yaiva pedyo Lake Baikal (makiromita manomwe). It riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 1470 m. Muna 1997, 19 August, apo Lena River yakatangwa, iyo kereke yakavakwa. The yose yokumusoro mugove, i.e. chaizvoizvo chetatu kuerera anomhanya mugomo pakureba Predbajkale. Munharaunda Kirenska mvura kuparadzwa kuri avhareji 1,100 cubic metres. m / chik.

avhareji nokuti

Ichi chikamu rwizi zvinosanganisira chidimbu pakati Vitim uye Aldan. Kureba - anenge 1415 makiromita. Pedyo confluence nzvimbo Vitim Lena zvinofamba munharaunda Yakutia. It iri kusango kumagumo kwayo. By yaienderana Vitim rwizi Lena (pamepu Russia nzvimbo iri pachena zvinoonekwa) anova mukuru-mvura iyerere simba. Depth muchikamu chino kuwedzera kusvika 10-12 metres, gwara akawedzera, pane zvitsuwa zvakawanda. Rwizi Mupata akawedzera kuti 20-30 makiromita. Hazvina asymmetrical: rworudyi yakatenuka iri zvishoma yepamusoro uye steeper. Iye chinomirirwa kuchamhembe muganhu Patom Highlands. Kuruboshwe - zvikuru munyoro. On vose dzakatenuka inokura gobvu nemipaini dondo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, revocable kumafuro. Chikamu kubva Olekma kusvikira Aldana rwizi Lena haana chinokosha vabati vechibharo. Over mazana mashanu makiromita, achicheka Prilenskoye ebani, rukova ichipfuura rakamanikana uye rakadzika mumupata, riri midzi muna reraimu. Just pazasi, kuti Pokrovsk rwizi anopinda mumapani nzvimbo. Somugumisiro, mumupata akawedzera nehasha, uye kuerera velocity iri seiyi chaizvo. Hazvina kupfuudza 1,3 metres por wechipiri (vakawanda -. 0.5-0.7 m / chik). Zvisinei, The upamhi floodplain, kunosvika 5-7, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo - 15 makiromita, uye rose mumupata rose - uye 20 km paupamhi.

nomurwizi

Just pazasi Yakutsk murwizi aibuda huru rechibharo miviri - Viluy uye Aldan. Panguva iyi kuerera kunova hofori. Kunyange munzvimbo umo pane nzira imwe chete, noupamhi makiromita anosvika gumi uye kudzama - vanopfuura 16-20 mamita. Pachitsuwa chikamu Lena yava kusvika 20-30? Km. Kune Misha shoma chaizvo - anenge dongo kumahombekombe. Lower kosi kunoratidzwa yakatetepa dziva. Kumabvazuva Chikamu mberi bazi Verkhoyansk Range - the Watershed of Lena uye Yana. Kurutivi rwamavirazuva ndiwo zvishomanana kwakadzikira pakati reCentral Siberian Plateau. Vanobvumirana Olenek uye Lena. Just pazasi chete. Bulun compressed rukova akakodzera iye pedyo chaizvo neeSultan: kumabvazuva - Haraulah, kumavirira - Czekanowski. Inenge 150 makiromita kubva Laptev kunosvika rwakakura Lena rwizi Delta.

hydrology

Data pamusoro vodoraskhodu panguva pamuromo Lena dzinopesana maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji, kunyange mavari anogona kuwanikwa mashoko okuti. Kusanyatsoziva iri yakakura nokuti rwizi ane hombe Delta uye vakawanda ducts. On ndima iyi inowira dziva chikamu, iyo nzvimbo -. 60 zviuru ba M. ? km. Various nokufungidzira aibuda mvura gore kuwanda 489 kusvika 542 sq. ? km. Izvi unoenderana imwe pagore chokubuda avhareji pakupera kuerera wakaenzana 15 500-17 175 m3 / wechipiri.

Sezvo mukuru simba mugove uyu, chokwadi, vakawanda rechibharo, uye yakarukutika chiito mvura mvura. Kutambira zvichemo pasi zvinhu kudziviswa kwakapararira permafrost mukati catchment. The chete Kunze ndiko geothermal.

Pamwaka kuchinja zvakadini uye mvura iyerere

Nokuti rwizi kunoratidzwa vamwe zvikuru yakakwirira mafashamo muzhizha, chitubu nenzizi uye pasi mvura nguva mumatsutso-yechando nguva (kusvika 366 m3 / s). zviratidzi All pamusoro mvura kuparadzwa kunobva vanhuwo kwadzinoita kunayisa. Panguva chitubu nemafashamo panguva June kusvika 40% zvaimutambisira, kubva June kusvika October - 91%. Pamuromo guru mvura kudyiwa paavhareji pamwedzi rakanyoreswa muna 1989 gore. Zvadaro muna June, zvakanga 104 000 m3 / wechipiri. Panguva mafashamu munzvimbo yoRwizi kuguma kunonyanyisa kuyerera anogona 200 000 m3 / s.

chando utongi

Rwizi kunyanya munzvimbo ine utsinye okunze. Kuerera yakasiyana nevamwe wavo simba kuzara echando uye chando utongi zvavo. Winter unotonhora chaizvo, pamwe duku chando uye refu. Ice aumbwa gobvu uye simba pasi izvi ezvinhu. Spring chando vasakukurwa kunoratidzwa kumusoro simba. Sana -oma zvinogumbura uye mafashamo guru munzvimbo - zvakakwana kakawanda chinonakidza nokuda Lena. Spring mafashamo asati (kuguma April) rinopembererwa muna Kirensk muruwa - chokumusoro rinosvika. Zvishoma nezvishoma kutamira kuchamhembe, kuerera anouya zvikuru untroubled iri muaizi erwizi. Tisati nomurwizi teura kunosvika panenge pakati June. Panguva iyi, mvura hunopfuura yakaderera pamwero 6-8 metres, uye mune nomurwizi kupora anogona kusvika 18 m.

Inflows

The nharaunda umo mepu iri Lena River, rinosanganisira muzvizhinji mvura ndokuyerera. Ivo anowira chiteshi. Pakati rechibharo zvinofanira dzinounzwa Tea, Big Pat, Kuta, Vitim Viluy, Olekma, Aldan, vaduku, kunzwa, Kirenga, Lunghu, The Bear. Vamwe vavo zvikuru guru. Mumwe akadaro Somuenzaniso, Batamay. Paavhareji kunwa mumuromo make - 5060 m3 / s, uye dziva nzvimbo - 729 000 sq. ? km. Four chikuru rechibharo - Vitim, Aldan, uye Olekma Viluy - zvakajeka kumira kunze kwayo saizi, pakati vamwe.

kutumirwa

Lena River pamepu yeRussia akapoteredzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvinhu zvikuru guru. Pakati pavo, nemisha vane rinokosha chisungo ukoshi. Zvinofanira akati kuti rwizi kusvikira nhasi chikuru kutumirwa tsinga Yakutsk. Izvi senga mutsetse anobatanidza nzvimbo yacho nezvimwe mundima batana kukosha. Regedzeka Lena vakatakura unorema kubva "zvichiita kuchamhembe." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chengarava Kachug - kutanga kutumirwa. Zvisinei, kubva pachiteshi Osetrovo nechokumusoro kwerwizi midziyo diki chete. Just pazasi netaundi Ust-Kut uye confluence of Vitim zvinotora zvikuru chaizvo kunzwisisa zvikamu mumagwa nzvimbo uye dzine zviduku. Kuti uvandudze chokufambisa pomumbure panzvimbo basa pagore, zvikaita kuti dredging. Navigation rinoitwa kubva 125 kusvika 170 mazuva.

misha

Zvinofanira akati kuti nzvimbo kuburikidza iyo rwizi runoyerera, inogarwa nekaupenyu simba. Pane maguta matanhatu. Chikuru chacho, Chokwadi, Yakutsk, kunyange zvazvo vagari vemo - vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 300 zvishoma. The guta rakaumbwa muna 1632, gore.

The guta mukuru pamusoro Lena vaiona Kirensk. It rakaumbwa muna 1630. Distance pakati nzvimbo zvavo (kunze nharaunda pedyo Yakutsk apo pane hwakanaka yakakwirira vagari arambe achirema) anogona kusvika zvakawanda zana makiromita. Panyaya iyi, pasi kuparadzira taiga. Kakawanda unogona kuwana akasiyiwa misha, uye misha. Nguva nenguva pane duku mumusasa yawo. Pakati kare nzvimbo kucherechedzwa Zhigansk. It rakaumbwa muna 1632, gore, uye kubva 1783 kusvikira 1805 ndipo aiva mamiriro County mutaundi.

Imwe nzvimbo wekare - Sottintsy. Heino Lenin kuti miziyamu-kuchengeterwa nhoroondo uye mavakirwo "Ushamwari". Sottintsy - nzvimbo yepakutanga nheyo Yakutsk.

upfumi kukosha

The Lena River anonzi mumwe cleanest munyika. The rwizi haina kushanduka munhu. To musi, murwizi, hapana madhamu, hydropower zvinomera uye zvimwe zvivako. Munzvimbo dzisina kugarwa nomunhu, unogona kunwa mvura uchinanga kubva murukova. Nokuti kuti panzira haisi yakawanda nemisha, basa kwoupfumi hakuna dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira zvikuru. Vaiona chikuru chengarava maguta akadai Yakutsk, Lensk, Kirensk Sturgeon.

ikoroji

Sezvinoratidzwa migumisiro pakutsvakurudza masayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakasiyana (University of Alaska, National Center French Studies, Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences), inokanganisa aibuda mamiriro kwepasi kunogona kukanganisa. The tembiricha munzvimbo apo rwizi Haatauri mu yechando kusvika manomwe inegumi. Saka permafrost rukoko iri hafu kiromita. Sezvo masayendisiti, iyo ambient tembiricha mumazuva okupedzisira makumi mana apfuura amuka nokuda avhareji rworwendo mana. Uye pasina ichi mafashamo zvakakwana kwazvo vari kuwana simba kubva gore negore. Izvi zvinokukuvadzai kumhenderekedzo wehurumende. Uyezve, pane inofamba zviwi nomurwizi. Pakazosvika 2009, gore mwero panguva iyo anoburukira vakasvika maviri nemanomwe metres pagore.