"Hondo uye Rugare" - munhu itsva dambudziko. "Hondo uye Rugare" L. N. NdiTolstoy

The nganonyorwa "Hondo uye Rugare", chinokosha basa munyori mukuru Russian Count Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, rakanyorwa munguva kubva 1863 kusvika 1869

Zano basa, munyori akaumba kare kunyora, achitaura nyaya yacho Decembrists yemuna, iyo kwakaitika St. Petersburg December 14, 1825. Leo NdiTolstoy akaronga kuratidza upenyu Russian nzanga nguva, uye kubvira kupikiswa sangano, siyana epachivande pamwe chikamu pakati Decembrists vaiva kupfuura kukuru uye kukosha muupenyu enyika yeRussian wehurumende, munyori vakasarudza kushandisa dingindira iri sezvo hwaro basa rake.

Kududzirwa yokufungidzira

In ubate okutanga yemberi mabhuku Paaidzidzisa "Hondo uye Rugare" itsva nyaya Lev Nikolaevich NdiTolstoy akasarudzwa sezvo kutsvaka huru hunhu. Munyori akataura kuti chaizova nomufananidzo Decembrists, mumwe magamba nguva, achidzoka nemhuri yake kumisha yavo mushure kubatana. Zvisinei, zvarongwa yokufungidzira vakakumbira tsananguro yo huru hunhu kubva pahuduku, uye saka, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vaende shure makore anenge 20 apfuura, yake kare. Munyori akasarudza kutanga nyaya iri 1805. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo dingindira iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" akabvunza dudziro hwakafara kupfuura rimwe iro rinozivisa nyaya Decembrists, uye nokudaro, mukufamba kunyora yokufungidzira pakutanga yaiva hondo Napoleon uye zviitiko, rimwe nzira kana mumwe zvakabatana naro .

emunyori ngwariro rave zvava kusvika Patriotic Hondo 1812 uye kuti nguva asati nechisimba hondo French rinotungamirirwa Napoleon Bonaparte. Kunyange zvakadaro, vashoma zvitsauko konekwa mabasa 1860 pasi pezita "Decembrists" NdiTolstoy akashandisa yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare". Dambudziko iri rinonzi pakuvaka rangano, unova yemunyori chinangwa chaiva kufukidza anenge nhoroondo kota remakore vanhu vokuRussia uye uto Russian. Munyori akazviita, basa iye dzakakunda sowakajeka.

Mienzaniso itsva umhare

Ake ichikosha rokuita "Hondo uye Rugare" by NdiTolstoy Lev Nikolaevich akanyora makore matanhatu, zvakafanana rondedzero kudzika uye simba enganonyorwa mumabhuku nyika waguma. mufananidzo Roman chaizvo, mumwe nemumwe vanosimbiswa pamwechete pamwero wakakwirira kwazvo, ari heroism nemasoja Russian iri pachena - vari kurwira wakarurama chikonzero, nemhuri dzavo, nokuti kwavo. Muenzaniso mukuru Tushin yayo bhatiri, yakaderera kiyi kusvika muvengi. Zvisati ushingi kweuto wokuRussia mune Hondo Borodino, kana akasarudza njodzi Russia, mumwe munyori akarondedzera chinotyisa zvoga, asi neshoko rimwe nerimwe munyika yokufungidzira, Chokwadi, chokwadi. The morale rechiFrench, Chokwadi, hazvirevi kumira hapana tichienzanisa kurwa mweya varwi Russian, mune ichi, uye makuru, uye nheyo huru kukunda weHondo Russian. Vose vanotaurwa ose NdiTolstoy mumatauriro itsva sezvo patriots nyika yavo.

Mabhuku uye Painting

Paainyorera inogadzirwa "Hondo uye Rugare" itsva dambudziko riri pakuti yaiva nhema, ari broadest munda, mubatanidzwa wezvidimbu dzevanhu yemberi. Lva Tolstogo vatambi zvakanyorwa, chinocheka Kurohwa kusimba, unyanzvi hwake chaiko anogona kuenzaniswa mufananidzo kubudikidza Paolo Veronese, uyo akaita kwazvo kune zvose zviso mabhii ake pamusoro hombe pamatende of Venetian Doge raMwari Palace, uye magamba vamazana izvi.

The unyanzvi kukosha mabasa

Muna nganonyorwa "Hondo uye Rugare" by NdiTolstoy kuratidzwa pamapeji ose evanhu strata, kubva musoja nyore kuna mambo uye ake boka racho. Achiratidza vemazera ose, akasiyana kirasi, vapfumi nevarombo, kutendeseka uye kusavimbika, utano uye kurwara. Russian Nzanga, zvidzidzo yakaderera uye mukirasi pakati, mambo vaaitonga - zvose kuwana nzvimbo iri mukuru mabhuku mabasa nguva.

The oumhizha hwakada zvakanyatsobatana zviri muupenyu, vanhu vazhinji vanhuwo, shoma chikamu nzanga dzimwe nguva mhuka chin'a simba, rinosundwa uye zvavanoshuva. umhondi Chiitiko Vereshchagin muenzaniso. Noutsinye, zvakaipa utsinye somugumisiro wacho tichimhanya unotsvaira zvose munzira kwayo - ndiko vanhu Russian, nhoroondo anoziva mienzaniso mishoma. Ndiyo pfungwa huru yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" - kuratidza Russian vanhu, zvose zvayo zvakanakira nekuipira.

Uzivi yokufungidzira

Mumazana nganonyorwa Lev Nikolaevich NdiTolstoy anoedza kuita pfungwa primordial mavambo upenyu vanhu Russian, kuona zvinhu zvinokonzera spontaneity yezvaaizoita. chigadzirwa uzivi ndechokuti kuda uye mano vanhu vakarasika pasina kana vasiri uchikurukura chokwadi, enda kure kuitika. udyire basa kuti pfungwa chete kunogona munhu kuita kurwa zvakarurama chikonzero, tora kuti kusango kundorwa, kumanikidzwa kubvuma rufu somunhu mutero.

specificity

Pane zvakawanda nemifananidzo yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" anoratidzwa nomunyori lucidly, nematsananguriro nechimwe. Nokudaro chaiwo, kuremekedza mafungiro munyori kuna Kutuzov, vasina simba inokosha tarenda uye heroism pamusoro murwi, uye kuti paakaziva kuti nzira chete, kutevera izvo zvinoita kutsungirira Napoleon. Nokudaro Kuramba NdiTolstoy unhu pachedu Napoleon, vaiganza pamabasa ake, Kutaura navo ake yekuita exclusivity. Munyori haana kurega mavara kana kurondedzera musoja nyore Karataeva Plato anogara, maererano NdiTolstoy, mune basa mukuru somuzivi, nekuti akaona pachake chikamu yose munzanga uye akakanda kure zvavo munhu akazvimiririra.

Basa munyori

Philosophic Lva Tolstogo haisi pfungwa panhau, sezvo kazhinji kudaro vanyori vakawanda, uye zvakaoma kuongorora duku chiitiko mashoko, kuitika munharaunda, uyewo ake Pazvinhu anokwanisa chokubatanidza zvakasiyana zvikamu kupinda rimwe, ndinosika mufananidzo wakakwana uye dzakasaina chake zita. Basa Tolstoho akanzwa neimwe chitsauko, ayo haufi, izvozvo captivates muverengi, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kufunga imwe chete mirayiridzo pamwe nemunyori.

vatambi

In basa rake "Hondo uye Rugare" dambudziko itsva iri chokwadi kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kunan'anura rimwe vanonyanya kutaurwa wehondo yose Russian. Vanhuwo shinda basa kunouya dingindira rutsigiro isiyo nokuti masoja vehondo vanhu. Vanatse nyika kubva Russian nechisimba - zvaifungwa ose navatariri, masoja, vanhuwo zvavo, vashandi, vakuru vakati. Nezvezvisikwa vanhu Russian vaisagona kuputswa nechisimba kubva kunze, hairevi nemafungiro Russian munzanga yacho, uye kana zvakadaro, mupambi zvirokwazvo muchaparadzwa. mugumisiro ichi akashanda pfungwa dzose Russian. Rush zvezvinotaurwa of partisan kufamba, uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye kuda nyika ndakazvisika "tsvimbo yavanhu hondo", riri kuparadza muvengi.

Leo NdiTolstoy anozvikudza muchiuto nesimba weuto Russian, kuwanda nokuda uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye kubayira navamwe vagari yeRussian wehurumende. Vanhu-gamba sungano wokuRussia kwamachinda munguva yehondo kuti dislodge muvengi. The yakanakisisa vamiriri Russian kwamachinda ruoko zvavo, pakati pavo Pierre Bezukhov uye Andrey Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova uye Vasily Denisov.

Mufananidzo Kutuzov

The gamba pakati hondo Napoleon, Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov, akanga vasingasiyani kubva masoja ake, ndizvo akamupa simba. Mukuru haana kugamuchira kurudziro kubva mambo, muchivande vaimuvenga, asi Kutuzov yamambo boka racho kuvimbika uye havana kuda, akanga rakasimba zvikuru rine kurudziro - vehondo, varwi nevakuru vakuru vakazvipira. Field Marshal Kutuzov akahwina, aite kuda vanhu Russian, achinyatsoziva kuti chinangwa amire pamberi pake uye yose nyika.

mabhuku

Characterization of yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" anoratidza simba zvinogona wokuRussia vanhu, izvo kare anoziva varanda. Kutadza kufunga nezveremangwana chinzvimbo nechisimba zvakadai Napoleon, avo zvokushamisira, asi kunyadziswa, haangavi chinhu. Historical muchiuto nebope vanotozvikuvadza kunoguma mukukunda vanhu Russian.

Muna 1865, munyika inonzi "Russian Gazette" zvikamu zviviri yokufungidzira chakanzi "Year 1805" wokutanga dzakabudiswa. The azere shanduro muganhu mabasa "Hondo uye Rugare" by NdiTolstoy, muna mavhoriyamu matanhatu, yakabudiswa muna 1869.

Lev Nikolaevich NdiTolstoy yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" nokusingaperi vakapinda yendarama pavane mabhuku nyika.