Vadetembi Russian remakore rechi20. Okugadzira zvinhu vadetembi makore 19-20

Mukuru Russian munyori Bamba Gorky akati kuti "mabhuku remakore rechi19 anofananidzirwa zvinodiwa zvikuru mumweya, pfungwa uye mwoyo Artist wechokwadi." Izvi zvinoratidzwa mabasa evanyori remakore rechi20. Pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1905, Hondo Yenyika I uye Civil War, nyika yakatanga dziparare kufanana. Kwaiva evanhu kusawirirana, uye basa kudzoka dzose dzaichimbova zvinotora mabhuku. In Russia akatanga kumutsa dzakazvimirira pfungwa kwouzivi paiva kuitika itsva uri vanyori uye vadetembi of dzakanaka zvinokosheswa remakore rechi20 uye vakaramba yetsika yekare.

Chii, mabhuku pamusoro kwezana remakore?

In nzvimbo classicism mune akauya modernism, izvo zvinogona rakakamurwa mapazi akawanda: Chirevo, Acmeism, futurism, imagism. I mberi kungobudirira realism, umo yomukati nyika anorondedzerwa maererano yayo mumagariro mamiriro ezvinhu; mugovanisi realism haana kubvumira kutsoropodzwa nezviremera, saka vanyori basa rake kuedza kwete kurera dzezvematongerwo enyika. Munguva yendarama zera iri sirivha vakatevera mutsva pfungwa dzavo vakashinga uye siyana misoro. vadetembi of rechi20 nhetembo remakore zvakanyorwa maererano imwe kosi uye manyorerwo nokuti Mayakovsky paainyora kunoratidzwa manera nokuti Khlebnikov - ake occasionalisms akawanda nokuda Severianin - kujairika senhetembo.

Kubva Futurism kune Socialist Realism

In Chirevo Nyanduri nezveimwe imwe chiratidzo, ruvhevhe, saka zvinoreva basa rinogona kuva multi-kukosheswa. Huru Vamiririri vaiva Zinaida Gippius, Alexander Blok, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Vari kuramba uchitsvaka nokusingaperi nevatambi, apo achitaura zvitendwa. Muna 1910, dambudziko okufananidzira - pfungwa zvose wakatozviitirwa namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye muverengi havazowani chinhu chitsva muna nhetembo.

The Futurism chose apikise tsika dzakare. In rokushandura, shoko rinoreva "unyanzvi yemberi", vanyori kunge zvakabata vateereri kunotyisa, tsika uye zvakajeka. Poems iyi muitiro - Vladimir Mayakovsky uye Osip Mandelstam - dzinoratidzwa yepakutanga sezvamunoita uye nonce mashoko (munyori mashoko).

Socialist realism ndiwo basa akaisa vashandi dzidzo mumweya gutsaruzhinji. Writers wairatidza chaiyo ezvinhu munzanga ine echimurenga kukura. Vadetembi vakamira panze kunyanya Marina Tsvetaeva, uye harare zimbabwe - Bamba Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zamyatin.

Kubva acmeism kuti novokrestyanskoy mashoko

Imagism yakabuda muRussia mumakore okutanga pashure chimurenga. Pasinei neizvi, Sergey Esenin uye Anatoly Mariengof haana mumatauriro okugadzira zvinhu evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika pfungwa. Vamiriri ichi kuitika vakati nhetembo inofanira kuumbwa, saka vasinga stint pamusoro madimikira, epithets, uye nedzimwe nzira romubati okuti.

Representatives novokrestyanskoy Lyrics akateterera mabasa ake achabatira tsika, isu vayemura upenyu hwokumaruwa. Kwakadaro kwaiva mudetembi Russian remakore rechi20 Sergey Esenin. nhetembo dzake - yakachena uye vepachokwadi, uye munyori anorondedzera mavari zvakaita nyore mufaro kwevanhu, kureva tsika Aleksandra Pushkina uye Mikhail Lermontov. Pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1917, kwekanguva uchifara akapa nzira mwoyo.

Shoko rokuti "Acmeism" rinoreva "inguva anotumbuka." The vadetembi remakore rechi20, Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam uye Sergey Gorodetsky mu kudzokera zvekare basa rake uye Russia akachingamidza kunofadza kufungisisa upenyu, yakajeka mupfungwa, nyore uye Kupfupika. Vairatidza mumusiye kubva mumatambudziko, zvinyoronyoro aiyangarara pasi rwizi, achiti hazvibviri kuziva kumuziva.

Kwouzivi uye mupfungwa hunova kuti Bunin kuti nhetembo

Ivan aiva nyanduri mupenyu pamharadzano dzenzira kuti eras vaviri, saka Zvisinei, mabasa ake airatidza zvimwe zvakaitika chokuita kutanga ano, akaramba tsika Pushkin. Muna detembo "Evening", anobudisa kuti muverengi pfungwa kuti mufaro kwete nepfuma, asi ari munhu: "hwandinoona, kunzwa, mufaro - zvose zviri mandiri." Mune mamwe mabasa, asi lyrical gamba angozvibvumira kufunga tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma upenyu, inova chikonzero kusuruvara.

Bunin ari mubasa achinyora mabasa muRussia uye kunze, izvo mushure Revolution akatuma vadetembi vakawanda kwezana remakore rechi20. In Paris, anofunga akaita mutorwa - "shiri ane dendere, chikara anodya buri", uye nyika yake yaakaberekerwa, akarasikirwa. Bunin ruponeso rake tarenda akagamuchira Nobel Prize muna 1933, uye muna Russia iri vaiona muvengi vanhu, asi usaregedza achitaipa.

Nyama Lyricist, mudetembi uye kicker

Sergey Yesenin akanga Imagist uye kwete kusika mashoko matsva, uye kumutsa mashoko vakafa zvakapoteredza navo rakajeka enhetembo mifananidzo. Kubva kuchikoro, akava rogues nomukurumbira akaripedza unhu hwake hwose upenyu, aiva frequenter emabhawa, nomukurumbira rudo munyaya. Kunyange zvakadaro, akanga kwazvo kwazvo yokumusha kwake: "Ndichaimbira nomwoyo wangu ari nyanduri-wechitanhatu nyika nemazita Short" Rus "- vadetembi vakawanda remakore rechi20 vaiita kuyemurwa wake yechizvarigo. The mashoko ouzivi Nemaeva anoratidza dambudziko chokuvapo kwevanhu pashure 1917 nyanduri mwoyo. chimurenga, nekuti panzvimbo akamirirwa kwenguva refu paradhiso upenyu yafanana kugehena.

Night, mugwagwa, rambi, chezvinodhaka ...

Alexander Blok - zvikuru chinopenya Russian mudetembi womuzana remakore rechi20, uyo akanyora "okufananidzira". Zvinofadza kucherechedza sei kubva kuunganidza zvipo chinhu shanduka munhukadzi mufananidzo: kubva Beautiful Lady kusvika vaneshungu Carmen. Kana pakutanga iye deifies chinhu rudo rwake, ichokwadi haana kuedza kuchera, pashure vasikana sokuti kwaari zvisikwa zvakawanda zvisingakoshi. Kuburikidza chinoshamisa nyika romanticism, iye anowana zvinorehwa, dzichidzidzisa matambudziko oupenyu, iye anoita nhetembo ake pamusoro zvakaitika pachena kukosha. Muna detembo "The gumi," iye Rinopa pfungwa yokuti chimurenga - kwete kuguma kwenyika, uye chinangwa chayo chikuru ndiko kuparadzwa rekare uye kuumba nyika itsva. Vaverengi tichareva Bloc sezvo munyori nhetembo "Night, mugwagwa, rambi, chezvinodhaka ...", umo iye unoratidza zvinorehwa upenyu.

Vakadzi vaviri vanyori

Vazivi uye vadetembi remakore rechi20 dzaiwanzova varume, uye tarenda ravo pachena nokuda vanonzi afungisisa anoti. Vakadzi vaishanda pachavo pasi pokudzora pachavo manzwiro avo, uye poetesses dzepamusorosoro Silver Age vakanga Anna Akhmatova uye Marina Tsvetaeva. Chokutanga chaiva mudzimai Nikolaya Gumileva, uye mubatanidzwa wavo akaberekwa akakurumbira wenhoroondo Lev Gumilyov. Anna Akhmatova haana kuratidza kufarira kwazvo stanzas - nhetembo yake aisagona senziyo, senzira unyanzvi mashoko kwaisawanzoitika. The predominance yellow uye ndachena muna description, varombo uye kukanganisa nyaya vanoti vaverengi kusuwa uye kubvumira kuzivisa mafungiro Nyanduri wechokwadi, vakapona kupfura wake.

The dambudziko Mariny Tsvetaevoy inosuruvarisa. Iye kudzidza kuzviuraya, uye mwedzi miviri pashure pokufa kwake, akapfurwa murume Sergei Efron. Vaverengi iye aigara akayeuka duku mukadzi tsvukuruka, chokuita hunhu ropa ukama. Kazhinji basa rake aibudisa Rowan michero kuti nokusingaperi apinda heraldry kwaro nhetembo: "Red bhurasho gomo dota dzakavhenekera anowira mashizha Ini ndakaberekwa ..."

The kujairika nhetembo vadetembi mazera 19-20?

In zvitsva vanatenzi zviri chinyoreso shoko akatenderwa itsva siyana uye dzinotaura mabasa ake remakore. Ramba akakodzera, shoko detembo vamwe vadetembi uye neshamwari. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich kushamiswa vake basa "tositi". Haaiti pachinopfeka mairi rimwe nyora chiratidzo haasiyi nemaburi mashoko, asi mavambo ake nhema nokumwewo: kutarira mashoko pameso mitsetse iri tambo, zvinogona kuonekwa sechinhu mira pakati mamwe mashoko, matsamba makuru akaita shoko: Valery Bryusov kubva munyori .

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Okugadzira zvinhu vadetembi remakore rechi20 riri zvinoorora mavambo. Vladimir Mayakovsky anoyeukwawo nokuti makasika mutsva chimiro yendima - ". Manera" Mudetembi akanyora nhetembo pane chero nguva, asi akati zvishoma nezverudo; Rave vakadzidza sechinhu risingaenzaniswi Classic, mamiriyoni akadhindwa, vateereri kudanana rwake dzokunyanyisa uye utsanzi.