Brief Biography Radischeva Aleksandra munhoroondo youpenyu, okugadzira zvinhu uye mabhuku

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev akazivikanwa sezvo unyanzvi munyori uye nyanduri, asi pachigadziko ndima iyoyo, aiva muzivi uye vakabata muruvazhe yakanaka chinzvimbo. Nyaya iyi inopa muchidimbu Biography Radishcheva (nokuti kugiredhi 9, mashoko aya anogona kubatsira chaizvo).

Uduku. Kutamira kuMoscow

Alexander aiva mwanakomana akapfuma Nicholas Afanasevicha Radishchev. Akanga akaberekerwa Saratov mudunhu, mumusha Upper Oblyazove muna 1749. baba vake aiva munhu tsika, saka akaedza kupa mwanakomana wake uye ane dzidzo yakanaka. Radishcheva mai rakanga Thekla Savvichna. Aiva mumwe Moscow vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata mhuri intelligentsia. zita rake Musikana - Argamakova.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti vabereki Radishcheva aibata serfs dzavo kwazvo, uye akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake. Childhood Alexander Nikolayevich akapfuura Oblyazove. Zvinozivikanwa kuti imba yavo aiva akapfuma uye yakakura, paiva vazhinji nguva dzose. In Radishchev aiva hanzvadzi zvina uye nehama nhanhatu, vana pamusoro akaenzana akakurukura nhare, vakamhanya navo kuburikidza mumusha. pachena Educator Radishchev aivawo kunyika zita rake - Peter Mamontov. Radishchev norudo anoyeuka sei Sekuru akaudza ngano.

Paaiva 7 nemakore, vabereki vake vakaenda naye kuna Moscow. Ikoko akagara kutarisirwa hama mai. On a ndima pamwe hondo vana, akadzidza pane purofesa yunivhesiti uye nomudzidzisi French. Vaiva ane wokuFrance yekare, uyo akanga atiza nyika yavo.

Kuronga mukomana zvaishamisa. Akapinda hurukuro yokutungamirira nevafungi ose serfdom kukakavadzana, kuvakwa, dzidzo, muboka revatungamiriri. Vaenzi Argamakovyh vaisagutsikana hurumende Elizabeth, uye pasi Peter Third buditsa zvikasaitika, nekusiyana, kutsamwa chete akakura. In vakadaro ros Aleksandr Nikolaevich.

Page Corps

Paaiva nemakore 13, iye vakagunun'una mapeji. Izvi akaita Empress Catherine II. For Radishcheva duku apindire hama dzake Argamakovy.

Kusvikira 1764 Catherine nehurumende yaiva Moscow, uko kugadza kwakaitika, uye ipapo vake mapeji, kusanganisira Radishchev akadzokera St. Petersburg.

Page Corps haana "vanoremekedzwa" sangano mumakore iwayo. All Vakomana vakanga vakadzidziswa mudzidzisi chete chete - Morembert, uyo aifanira kuvaratidza sei kushumira Empress panguva bhora, iri yemitambo, ari zvitima.

Brief Biography Radishchev, panzvimbo inokosha umo ndichaenda naye kubudirira, haana kutsanangura zvakaitika mukomana kubva mumhepo yakapoteredza zvakakomba kukurukurirana uye voruzhinji zvido zvifambiswe mudare neChitatu. Chokwadi, akanga atova kunyura zvose kuvavenga vanodzvinyirirwa, nhema, kubata kumeso, uye ikozvino akazviona zvose nameso angu, uye kwete kumwe, asi mune dzose norunako yamambo.

Maiva muna Corps pamusoro Pages Alexander vakasangana Kutuzov, uyo achava shamwari yake yepamwoyo kwemakore akawanda. Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzavo pakupedzisira diverge, mukuru haana kutaura chimwe shoko akaipa pamusoro Radishchev. Brief Biography wekupedzisira - zvakananga chisimbiso.

In Leipzig

Makore maviri gare gare, pashure kutamira St. Petersburg Radischev pamwe nevakomana shanu akatumirwa Germany kudzidza payunivhesiti. Catherine II aida kuva gweta akadzidza uye vakashumira vari nezvamakatonga chikamu.

Zvishoma nezvishoma boka ravo duku akakura. Somuenzaniso, muna Leipzig akasvika Fyodor Ushakov, aimbova panguva imwe duku mukuru. Iye akasiya basa kuyunivhesiti ruzivo. Fedor aiva dangwe, uye nokukurumidza akava mutungamiri boka majaya.

Radishchev vakapedza munyika yokumwe kwemakore anenge mashanu nemakore. nguva yose iyi, akashanda nesimba uye akapotsa ane zvokurapa dhigirii, asi achiri mabhuku akwezvwe zvikuru. Brief Biography Radishcheva rinoratidza ayo kufarira nascent German predromanticheskomu mirayiridzo.

The nyika vakakatyamadzwa ne Yemakore Seven 'War, uko kwakaguma ichangopfuura, saka vanhu kwakasimbiswa yakawanda Pfungwa pfungwa, tinogona kutaura svobodomyslennyh, kana kwete echimurenga. Uye vadzidzi Russian vari pakati payo zvose. Pamwe chete navo, akadzidza paYunivhesiti Goethe, vakateerera hurukuro ane vazivi Platner, uyo aiva mutsigiri liberalism.

MuGermany, majaya vaigara haana kunaka kwazvo, nekuti ishe wavo Bocoum, akanga wakasiyiwa Empress, aiva yomudzvinyiriri wechokwadi uye makaro. Akabvisa majaya ose mari akatumira zvirimo. Zvino vadzidzi vakasarudza kupandukira. Chisarudzo ichi akavasiya padivi sezvo vakasungwa uye akatumira kutongwa. Asi Russian Ambassador akapindira.

Bocoum vanogumurwa zvikuru paya, asati asiya Radishcheva musha.

dzokera

Brief Biography Radishcheva inotaura kuti muna 1771 akasvika St. Petersburg pamwe Kutuzov uye Rubanovskii. Young vanhu vazere yekutarisira uye kutsunga, akanyatisa mberi magariro neururami, vangada kushumira munharaunda.

Kunenge kuti mumakore avakapedza muGermany, asi Empress vakakanganwa zvachose nezvechinangwa kutumira mapeji kunze. Radishcheva akatsunga kushanda weSeneti, mumwe sahwira. Izvi zvakakonzera jaya gungwa kuvhiringidza uye nokukurumidza akasiya basa.

Muna 1773 akapinda dzimbahwe General Bruce, paakange neMutungamiriri nomuchuchisi wechiuto. basa iri akafuridzirwawo Alexander Nikolayevich, asi akanga pokubuda napo. Nokuda kwayo norunako uye erudition, akava entree kupinda yakakwirira munzanga mhenyu makamuri uye vanyori. Alexander haana kwekanguva vakakanganwa ake mabhuku kufarira. Kunyange pfupi chaizvo Biography Radishcheva usingagoni kunyarara nezvebasa rake. Uye hazvisi zvakakodzera.

mabhuku nzira

Kokutanga Alexander akatendeukira mabhuku basa kunyange Leipzig. Yakanga shanduro enyika uye zvechitendero netumabhuku. Asi peji yake duku isina yapera, nokuti "Gazette" rakabudiswa mumwe, zvishoma kunzwa ndima.

In St. Petersburg, akasangana navo vanobudisa magazini "Painter" novikov. Nokukurumidza kwakaonekwa nyaya vanoda "The ndima Travel", asi rakanga rakabudiswa anonymously. Brief Biography Radishchev, chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti - nguva dzose pamusoro penyika, runoratidzwa ndechokuti munyori anenge kumbobvira anotaura zita rake pamusoro zvigadzirwa.

Mu "Fragment" zvakanzi zvakajeka zvinoratidza upenyu musha panyika, pamwe vakashatirwa zvose zviitiko dzayo. Chokwadi, musoro hurumende haina kufanana nayo, uye varidzi vakagumburwa. Asi kana munyori kana muparidzi haatyi. Uye nokukurumidza, mumagazini inonzi chete yakabudisa nyaya "Chirungu Walk", iro kunodzivirira yapfuura magazini. Zvino kuenderera mberi "ndima".

Chaizvoizvo, pamwe bhuku rino uye vakatanga tsaona basa Radishchev.

Vazhinji Alexander aidaro shanduro, idzo rakabudiswa novikov. Maererano nomurayiro Catherine bhuku rakashandurirwa kwavari, "Kufunga enhoroondo Greek" Mably. Asi kuguma akasiya zvimwe mavanga ake, nokudaro akapinda gakava munyori, uyewo tsanangudzo dzakawanda (kusanganisira shoko "umambo").

Muna 1789 rakasvika bhuku rinonzi "The Life Ushakov", iyo akamutsa yakawanda ruzha. Iye zvakare rakabudiswa anonymously, asi hapana vakakahadzika vakanyora Radishchev. All akaona kuti bhuku zhinji mashoko ngozi uye pfungwa. Zvisinei, zviremera akakurambai wake nzira yokubuda, kuti aiva mureza munyori mamwe matanho.

Brief Biography Radishcheva kuti mamakisi 9 hakusi sezvinokosha, asi akaona kuti basa murume uyu akanga kugutsikana kwete chete zviremera asiwo nhengo Russian Academy, uye vanokudzwa zhinji.

Radishchev haana kudzikama. Aida imwe zviito zvikuru. Saka ndakatanga azviise Society of Friends of philology, yaisanganisira vanyori zhinji, uyewo vezvikepe uye vatariri. Uye akatora nzira yake; iye akateerera mashoko.

Society rava magazini "Mukurukuri of mugari", iro rakabudiswa mabasa, zvakazadza Radishchevskaya pfungwa. Kunewo imwe nyaya nomuzivi pachake, zvakawanda sezvinoita anoparadzirwa kutaura ( "The kukurukura kuti ndiye mwanakomana Yababa). Nenzira, aifanira kuedza kwazvo kwaari akatumwa kudhinda. Kunyange vatsigiri vake kunzwisisa sei kuva nengozi.

Writer, zvaiita, haana cherechedzai, sezvo makore achiunganidza pamusoro pake. Asi rinorondedzera zvakajeka Biography. Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich, ane basa vakamushumira basa utsinye, akauya pasi ziso nezviremera. Huni dzomoto akadururapo chinyorwa chinotevera.

"Rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow"

Brief Biography Radishcheva ine inoshamisa chokwadi. basa rake guru, iro kusenza bvunzo akapfuura pasina matambudziko. Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvisingaiti, asi zvakanga. The ndechokuti Mukuru wemapurisa Vatongi umwari chete usimbe kuriverenga. Kuona rokuremekedza uye zviri mukati, zvinonzi asarudza kuti iyi inongova guide. Bhuku rakadhindwa mumba kudhinda nemunyori, saka mariri, hapana aiziva.

Zano iri nyore. A mufambi kubva mumwe musha kuenda kune mumwe, uye, vachipfuura nemisha, anotsanangura zvaakaona. Bhuku iri Vocal chaizvo achitsoropodza ari autocratic simba, hurukuro pamusoro vanomanikidzwa vanhuwo zvavo uye landlords madiro.

In zvachose, makopi mazana matanhatu akadhindwa, asi kutengeswa chete akamuka maviri navashanu. Long vanofamba kuti mutengesi vaverengi vanoda kutora iri mumaoko echimurenga shanduro.

Chokwadi, yakadaro chigadzirwa kugona kuwana chero mhinduro kubva nevaverengi, kana mutongo vepamusoro. The Empress of munyori ichienzaniswa Pugachev, uye akahwina fananidzo ari mupanduki.

Paiva kuwedzera kuzviremera uye mumwe munhu angarega kunzwisisa basa Radishchev. Somuenzaniso, Pushkin akati pamusoro bhuku unotonhora chaizvo, ichiti kuti yaiva "mediocre bhuku" rakanyorwa "ufuza mabhii."

Kusungwa uye nhapwa

On mirairo Catherine II Radishchev akasungwa. Yaiva June 30, 1790. Maererano zvitupa, chikonzero yevasungwa chete munyori "Travel". Asi, sezvo Empress akanga refu anozivikanwa nezvokuva pfungwa uye mabasa mugari, kuti nyaya yave intermingled uye mamwe mabasa ake chaiko.

Nokuda chokuita yanyadziswa zvakanzi vakaparadzirwa nokuda Society of Friends. Investigation akarayira musoro Stepan Sheshkovsky mapurisa epachivande, waiva munhu kuuraya Empress. Izvi zvimwe vakadzidza Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev. Short Biography (9-graders Nyaya iyi iri chikoro zvidzidzo) anotaura kuti vakasarira makopi ebhuku vakaparadzwa nomunyori, izvo zviri vakatya.

Radishchev akaiswa mujeri iri Petro Paul Fortress. Iye vakapukunyuka inotyisa kurwadziswa nokungoti hanzvadzi yake mukadzi kwakaita vakatakura kuuraya ake ose zvishongo. Apo "mupanduki" akaona sei nengozi mutambo umo zvaibatanidzwa, akanga kutya. Above naye norufu pamusoro kwake mhuri - vatengesi vakapiswa. Ipapo Radishchev akatanga kunyora tsamba kutendeuka, kunyange asina chaizvo vakaperera.

Kubva munyori akatsvaka akatumidza mazita vamwe uye neshamwari. Asi Radishchev haana kutaura zita chete. Maererano migumisiro hworuvazhe 24 July akatongerwa rufu. Asi sezvo ari munyori yaiva wamambo, zvakanga aifanira kubvuma hurumende masangano ose. Radishchev izvozvo akamirira kusvikira 19 August. Asi vamwe chikonzero kuurayiwa yakanga ichinonoka, uye September 4, Catherine akatsiva rakarembera nhapwa kuSiberia.

Information anenge makore gumi aakapedza ari mujeri Ilmen, aigona muzadze mupfupi Biography ake. Alexander Radishchev, vanyori, shamwari zvakatsausa kubva pakutapwa, akararama kwamakore matanhatu chete. Muna 1796, Mambo Paul, anozivikanwa nokuda paaiitirana naamai vake, akasunungura munyori. Uye muna 1801 akanga amnestied.

mumakore achangodarika

Alexander I akatumidza munyori kuna St. Petersburg uye akamugadza kuti nzvimbo Commission pamusoro drafting mitemo.

Pashure pokutapwa Radishchev rakanyorwa nhetembo shoma, asi haana kugamuchira mufaro kubva literatorstva. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuti tisave rusununguko pfungwa. Uyezve, upenyu munyika kuSiberia vasanyanya chaizvo utano hwake, akanga asisiri muduku uye vasingafari. Zvichida vose pfungwa idzi uye akamanikidzira munyori kutiza upenyu.

Brief Biography Radishcheva rine ruzivo kuti pane shanduro mbiri rufu rwake. Chokutanga chokuita basa. Ostensibly iye zvinganaka kusuma mitemo equalize kodzero vagari, uye sachigaro akamurayira kutyisidzira kuSiberia. Alexander akatora ichi kuti mwoyo uye muchetura.

Chechipiri shanduro ndechokuti iye akaguma vainwa girazi aqua regia uye akafa pamberi mwanakomana wake. Asi zvinyorwa mariro, dzinongoitika rufu kuchitaurwa sezvo chinokonzera rufu.

Nanhasi guva emunyori haana vakapona.

Njodzi mabhuku nhaka

Kusvikira ramakumi maviri munyori wemabhuku remakore haana kuwanikwa. Aizivikanwa sekamwana mugari ( "mukoma") Penza dunhu - Radishchev. Munyori, Biography (pfupi iri mharidzo, asi izvozvo inonakidza) waiva Zvinorwadza chaizvo, haana kukosheswa venguva yake. mabhuku ake ose vakapiswa. muna 1888 chete, duku reThe akasunungurwa muRussia "Travel". Uye kare muna 1907 - dzakaunganidzwa mabasa novelist uye nyanduri.

mhuri

Munyori yave akaroora kaviri. With mudzimai wake wokutanga Anna Rubanovskii akanga nevana vana. Asi mukadzi akafa Paul pakusununguka okupedzisira mwanakomana. Tarirai pashure vana vakasiya pasina vanamai vakabvumirana Hanzvadzi Anne Catherine.

Zvakanga iye aiva mukadzi Radishchev wechipiri, vakamutevera muutapwa. Vana vakawanda vatatu vakaberekerwa muchato wavo. On munzira kudzokera St. Petersburg Catherine akarwara ndokufa. Izvi neshungu nokurasikirwa zvose nevana uye Radishchev.

Brief Biography uye mabasa munyori kunoshamisa zvechokwadi. Pasinei nezvose zviitiko hwake, haana kusiya maonero avo uye vakatevera kusvikira pakupedzisira mweya wavo. Izvi akaratidza simba munhu mweya!