Heart shiri: marongerwo uye zvaidiwa kweropa hurongwa

Shiri - rakasiyana boka gomoyoternyh zvinenge vane mararamiro Rinobatanidzwa vachikwanisa, zvakafanana dzichibhururuka. Zvinokwanisika pasi mamiriro rakaoma basa sternum tsandanyama uye forelimbs - mapapiro. Izvi zvinozoita anogovera dzirambe dziripo myocyte okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri, kunyanya shuga.

Blood - iri pfuma kuti transports akavapotedza muviri uye sangano wayo kunobva ndichibvunza basa mwoyo - pombi, nemvura iri pumped nesimba connective tishu. Kuchinjwa oxyhemoglobin uye Organic zvinhu zvinopa kweropa hurongwa shiri. Heart - huru nhengo kuti circulates ropa. Kunyanya ayo mamiriro uye mashandiro ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Zvakakurukurwa kweropa hurongwa

Zvikuru muviri mune shiri zvinogoneka kwezvikonzero zviviri. First - BP, rinoita ropa guru kuyerera mu arteries uye mutsinga kunyange. Wechipiri - the specificity ropa wedzerai mumapapu. Heart shiri Quad, kuruboshwe uye zvakanaka chikamu havasi kushumwa (pane partition yakazara), saka ropa hakurevi kusanganisa: kuruboshwe divi uchifamba arterial, uye kodzero - venous. On kupanana zvinhu sei shiri imwe chinhu chakadai kuti apfuure itsvo havasi chete arterial (sezvakunoitwa mhuka), asi pamusoro portal venous ropa mudziyo maitiro zvokuti mvura metabolites kwavari panzvimbo urea kuumbwa uric acid. Next: masero eropa - red ropa masero - the vamiririri bird kirasi ndivo chinoumba, iyo inowedzera lifespan nemasero izvi. Kubva kuruboshwe ventricle mwoyo kunouya chikuru arterial mudziyo - yeropa. It anekodzero chinhu chakakombama, bifurcation iyo inosvitsa paumbwe kuruboshwe nezvakarurama innominate tsinga, izvo zvinopa musoro uye mapapiro shiri zvinovaka muviri uye oxygen.

mwoyo anatomi

Sezvo negomba tsandanyama nhengo, riri kurudyi pechipfuva akafukidza pericardium - the pericardium. Pamberi sternum mwoyo shiri zvishoma kuchizvivanza okuwedzera kufema nhengo - mhepo SACS. It ane chimiro cône, muromo iyo anopindura ane zvenguva nzvimbo pakati dumbu uye chiropa.

Zvichienderana mhando shiri, mwoyo chimiro zvingasava kruglokonicheskoy kusvikira ellipsoidal-urefu. Izvi nhengo kweropa inoumbwa matatu akaturikidzana: rokunze - serous (epicardium), svikiro (myocardium) uye yomukati (endocardial). Chinonyanya kukosha kwavari - pakati Kamudzira, izvo kunoenderana sechivako yepamusoro basa uye kunyatsoshanda mwoyo.

myocardium

Inoitwa striated tsandanyama rinenge chaiyo maumbirwo chinosiyanisa mwoyo neshiri dzose dzimwe nhengo dzomukati, rine tsandanyama wakatsetseka chete. Inboard cardiomyocytes anopa simba uye zvakaenzana anoparadzira mutoro panguva rutapudzo. Chimwe chinokosha mwoyo tsandanyama - rusununguko kubva systole uye diastole makamuri; atria uye ventricles. masero myocardial zvakanyatsobatana, saka tsinga nomunhu zvichiratidza mheni pamusoro cardiomyocytes, uye rose goko pakarepo ipfupi.

Makamuri mwoyo

Two atria - kuruboshwe nezvakarurama, uyewo mbiri ventricles vane zvakawanda zvinhu chokuita anatomi yacho myocardium. rusvingo rwaro ndizvo akasimba zvikuru uye mukobvu ari rworuboshwe hafu mwoyo, nokuti ventricular yake arterial ropa pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa iri vabudiswa mugomba yeropa uye anopinda systemic riparadzirwe. At moyo ropa nguva dzose kufamba rimwe divi, kubva atria kusvika ventricles uye kubva kurudyi pulmonary tsinga, uye kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi kutsemuka chematenga. Pamuganhu pakati pamakamuri dziri atrioventralnye mavharuvhu, zvinosanganisira connective zvinyama: tsandanyama uye membranous. Havadi kubvumira ropa kudzokera chikamu ventricle kusvika atrium. Heart shiri, sechivako makamuri ayo uye mavharuvhu kunobva boka ndeye izvo zvakanyatsorongwa.

In neognathae (shiri idzi), pamberi kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama uye neshure mutsinga chinhu muruoko rworudyi atrium vakazvimiririra uye drevnenebnyh negomba mutsinga batanidza kuti vaumbe Sine. Pakati pake rworudyi atrium, vaviri tsandanyama vharafu aumba. Boka rokutanga unotora mhuri shiri Columbiformes, Anseriformes, vorobinyh, woodpeckers nevamwe. Boka rechipiri rinoumbwa casuariiformes, kiviobraznye, nanduobraznye ichiri kunzi bezkilevymi shiri (flightless).

kutenderera

Sezvatambotaura, mwoyo mana-shiri. mamiriro ayo anoita mbiri kutenderera. Small Circle (pulmonary) kunotanga rworudyi ventricle uye inoguma mu atrium kuruboshwe. denderedzwa Large inotangira ventricle kuruboshwe. Kubva kurudyi kutsemuka chematenga arteries bazi panze uye muuye okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri kune masero zvomukati zvose uye nyama yose yehuku. Venous ropa inounganidzwa ari vena cava, izvo zvinosanganisirwa rworudyi atrium, ichi rinopedzisa mashoko systemic riparadzirwe.

The specificity pamusoro cardiac basa

Kudzidza huru chikamu kweropa ino - moyo kweshiri, marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita kamera - akacherechedza kuti muviri uyu ane zvakakwana guru kukosha uye uremu hama kuti kurema muviri. Somuenzaniso, shiri dzakadai bullfinches, rarira, Ducks anenge 1 - 1.3% kurema, uye mhando dzakakwirira nokukurumidza uye maneuverability kuti kutiza - 2%.

Somuenzaniso, shiri dzinodya nyama - White-tailed Eagle, Falcon - cardiac indekisi anenge 1.8%. Mukuwedzera, shiri cheBP uye kupomba zvazvingava neeSultan kubva 200 600 anorova paminiti, uye panguva ndege ndiyo 1200 mwoyo anorova.

Pepa rino, hatina vakapindura mubvunzo, kworudzii mwoyo mune shiri, kudzidza zvechadenga myocardium uye kuti munguva specificity yavo zvemwoyo basa.