Kurwisana muSiriya: mapato, apo zvinhu zvose zvakatanga

Kurwisana kweSiria kwave kuchienderera mberi kwemakore anopfuura mana uye kunofambidzana nekuurayiwa kwevakawanda. Zviitiko zvinogara zvichipinda mumaziso emasangano enyika. Mamwe mapato anoshanda muhondo. Nyika dzakawanda dzinobatanidzwa mumatambudziko.

Kukonana muSiriya: Zvose zvakatanga sei?

Hondo muMiddle East ichiri kuenderera mberi. Munenge muna 2011, kupesana kweSiriya kwakatanga. Zvikonzero zvakasiyana kune imwe neimwe yemapato aripo. Asi izvi zvose zvakatanga nemitambo yekurwisana nehurumende. Bhuku reBaath rakatonga muSiriya kwemakore anopfuura 70. Mumakore achangopfuura, Bashar Assad ave ari mutungamiri wenyika. Yakurudzirwa ne "Arab Spring" kune dzimwe nyika, kushorwa kunotanga kutsoropodza hurumende uye kunokurudzira vatsigiri vayo kuti vaende. Muchirimo, hurukuro dzakanyanya kuipa. Kune kukakavara kunotyisa kwevatsoropodzi nemapurisa uye neuto. Nguva dzose kune mhinduro dzevakafa. Nhamba dzinoverengeka kumapurovhinzi zvisiri izvo zvisingatarisirwi nehurumende. Bashar Assad anoti iye akagadzirira kutsvaka kubvumirana uye kuparadza hurumende. Asi zvakanga zvanyanyisa.
Nhengo inokosha inobatanidzwa nehutano hwevanhu. Neku Facebook ne Twitter, kushorwa kwakarongedza zviito zvaro uye kwakadana vanhu kuti vaite sekusateerera. Nenguva yehondo kupopotedzana muSiriya kunowedzera mutsva. Vapikisi vesimba vanoita mapoka ehondo, West anovatsigira uye vanotyisidzira Assad nekutongerwa kana zvichiitika kushandiswa kwesimba.

Siria: History of Conflict

Kukakavadzana kunotora humbo hwehutsinye hwakazara. Vapanduki vakabatana muSyria Free Army. Mwedzi mishomanana mushure mokutanga kwemhirizhonga, maSulumani akasiyana-siyana vari kushingairira kusongana nevanopikisa. Pakati pegore, bhomba rinouraya rinouraya huwandu hwepamusoro hwemauto ehurumende. Mumakore ekupedzisira, kurwisana hakuregi. IU EU neAmerica vanotsigira zvakasimba vapanduki, vanopa rubatsiro rwavo rwekugadzira uye ruzivo. Vazhinji vevamwe vekuMadokero vari kuisa mvumo yekurwisa Siria. Mauto ehurumende akabudirira kukunda maguta akawanda uye kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwechokwadi kweDhamasiko. Vapanduki vacho vanozivisa zvirongwa zvekurwisa Allepo, guta rechipiri rakapararira mushure meguta guru. Vanotora zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingabudiriri kurwisa.

Kuvapo kwenyika

Hondo iri muSiria inotanga kukwezva vatambi vokunze vari kunze. Turkey inotanga kushanda pakutsigira kupikisa. Muzhizha ra2012, pakarepo mushure mekuzivisa kwekupinda muhondo, mauto ehurumende anodonha ndege yeTurkey uye yakazaruka kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Gare gare, zvombo izvi zvinotakura chikamu chemotokari yeTurkey mushure mokuyambuka muganhu.

Libya neIran vanotanga kutsigira Assad. Kusvika muSiria nhengo dzakagadzirirwa zvekuumbwa kweHezbollah (inogona kushandurwa se "sangano ra Allah"). Pamwe chete navo, uto reSiriya rinosunungura Al Quseir. Muchando, hurumende yeAsad inotanga kukanganisa kukuru, iyo inounza kubudirira kukuru. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kurwiswa kwegandanga kunoramba kuchiitika mumaguta anotungamirirwa nehurumende.
Mauto okupikisa haana kukodzera kune maitiro avo muWest. VaIslam vanobatana nemaitiro akazvigadzirirwa. "Al-Qaeda" inotumira hurukuro inokosha kuSiria. Masero eboka iri regandanga anoronga misasa yekudzidzisa.

Ukama neTurkey hwakashata. Kune hukama hwakasiyana-siyana hwehondo. Paramende yeTurkey inobvumira kushandiswa kwemauto kuAramu, asi hondo haina kutanga. Dzimwe nyika dzePersian Gulf, idzo dzakabatana dzeUnited States, dzinopa rubatsiro rwemazuva ose kumashure ehurumende.

Basa reKurdistan

Hondo iri muSiria ine simba rakasiyana-siyana. Kurdistan muchengeti, unowanzoti "wechitatu". Kurds vanogara kumabvazuva eSiriya, muIraq neTurkey. Zvombo zvavo zvehondo zvinonzi "Peshmerga". Iyi sangano yakasikwa kuchengetedza nharaunda iyo maKurds emarudzi anogara. Kuvimbika kune hurumende yeAsad, inopesana ne "Igil".

Kurudzirwa kwekupesana

Pakazosvika gore ra2014, hondo inopera yakawedzera. Iko kushorwa "kuenzanisa" zvinenge zvisingamboiti chero basa. Inenge ichiri kutsigirwa neEU neAmerica, asi muSiria, chete mutauro wezvombo ikozvino unonzwisiswa. Iko huru yekuita zvechiuto inotungamirirwa nevakuru vechiIslam. Sangano reJebhat neNusra rinodzora chikamu chikuru cheSiriya. Vanowanzoti magandanga, mhepfenyuro inozivisa kuti kuburikidza ne "kushorwa" kubva kuU.S., vaIslam vanogamuchira rubatsiro.

"Igil" ndeimwe yemasangano anonyanyisa uye makuru akanganisa kukakavara muSiria. Zvikonzero zvekubudirira kwesangano iri zvinokonzera kukakavadzana pakati pevanyori. Nyika yakadzidza nezveIG (Islamic state) mushure mekunge varwi varo vachingotora guta guru reMosul. Panzvimbo yakatariswa, maIslam akazvigadzirira nyika yavo. Vanhu vemo vanogara zvakasimba maererano nemutemo we Sharia. Somuenzaniso, varume vanorambidzwa kutema vhudzi ravo. Nokuputsa mitemo, zvirango zvakasiyana-siyana zvine utsinye zvinofanirwa.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zveGI inoparadzira. Nyika yose yakashamiswa nehuwandu hwemavhidhiyo akarekodhwa, umo varwi vanouraya vasungwa. Uye kuponda kunoitika nekugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye kunobviswa nevashandi. IGIL inonzi sangano rezvemagandanga munyika yose. Nhamba dzinoverengeka dzeNATO nyika neRussia zviri kukonzera nzvimbo dzeIslam.