Gesi chromatography. Zviratidzo zvemuitiro

Gesi chromatography ndiyo nzira yekuongorora iyo yakagamuchira zvakanaka kwazvo zvidzidzo. Izvo chaizvoizvo kunyatsotsanangurwa kwezvidzidzo zvake uye zvidzidzo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kukura kweyi nzira mumakumi emakore apfuura.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti gesi chromatography yakasiyana nedzimwe nzira dzakadaro pakuti inoshandisa gasi sechikamu chefoni. Chikamu chinenge chakamira chingava chakasimba kana mvura. Zvichienderana neizvi, mumwe anotaura nezve gas-adsorption kana gas-liquid chromatography.

Kuparadzaniswa kwemasanganiswa ezvinhu mumashandisirwo akadai segesi chromatografu inokonzerwa nekudzokorora kwakawanda kwekuparadzirwa kwezvikamu pakati pemvura yakasimwa kana chikamu chakasimba uye gasi rinoshandisa gesi. Kuparadzanisa kunotarisana nekusiyana kwekusazvipira uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinongororwa. Icho chikamu, icho chisina kuwedzera chikuru pane chekushanda chinopiwa, uye kusagadzikana kwechikamu chinenge chiri chese chiduku, chichapfuurira kuburikidza nekoroni nokukurumidza.

Kushandiswa kwegesi sechifambisi chinotakura kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana zvakakosha zvakadai sekujekesa kwekuparadzaniswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye kukurumidza kwekuongorora. Muedzo wokuenzanisa unowanikwa munharaunda mune imwe gaseous kana fomu fomu. Nekubatsira kweiyo nzira, zvinokwanisika kuongorora kwete magasi chete, asiwo mvura uye yakasimba zvinhu, izvo zvinoshandurwa kuti zvive zvakakosha nekushisa. Munyaya iyi, mune gesi chromatography, kutonhorera iyo iyo yose inotanga kuitwa inoita basa rinokosha zvikuru. Zviyero zvekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvegesi-adsorption nzira yekuongorora kubva pa70 kusvika ku 600 ° C, uye yegesi-mvura inoongorora - kubva 20 kusvika 400 ° C. Imhizha inobudisa gasi chromatograph, inokubvumira kuti utange kuronga hurongwa hwekushisa.

Iyi nzira inoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora zvinhu izvo maitiro ekuyeresa ari pasi pe400. Haasaradzi pakubuda, asi haashanduki maitiro avo panguva inotevera.

Kunyanya, mukuongorora maitiro, gas-liquid chromatography inoshandiswa. Zvichienzaniswa negesi adsorption, ine zvimwe zvinobatsira, izvo zvinosanganiswa zvikuru nemhando yakawanda yezvinogona kumira inoshandiswa mumvura, pamwe chete nekuchena kwakakwana uye, zvakakosha zvakakwana, nehutano hwezvinwiwa.

Gesi chromatography inzira inotsanangurwa, inoratidzika nekukwirira kwakakwana, kunzwisisika uye mukana wekugadzirisa. Kusagadzikana uye kushanduka kwechirevo ichi chinogadzira chigadziro chinoshandiswa munyaya iyi kana iyo. Gesi chromatography, inoshandiswa pakuwanda kwekuongorora, inopa migumisiro isina kufanira iyo isinganzwisisiki.

Iyi nzira inobvumira kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda ekuongorora, kuparadzanisa nekugadzirisa kuenzana kwemakemikari nehuwandu hwakasiyana mumhepo inopisa. Nzira yegesi chromatography inoshandiswa pakuchenesa makemikari ekugadzirira, kuparadzanisa mishonga muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Inonyanya kubudirira mukuparadzanisa kwezvinhu zvakafanana mukugadzirwa, izvo zviri zvekirasi imwechete: organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons.