"Blue Stream" - gas pipeline pakati peRussia neTurkey

"Blue Stream" ipombi yemhepo inoshandiswa kujekesa gasi kubva kuRussia kusvika kuTurkey. Izvi zvinoitika pasi peGungwa Dzvuku, nokudaro kudzivisa dzimwe nyika. Kuvakwa kwepayipi yemagetsi kwakabatsira pakugadzirwa kwemashamba e hydrocarbon uye zvivako zveTurkey.

Historical background

Mukupera kwa1997, vatungamiriri vehurumende yeRussia neTurkey vasaina chibvumirano chekushandisa gasi. Maererano nebhuku racho, kambani Gazprom yakasayina kambani neTurkey sangano reBotas rekuendesa zvakananga gasi chaiyo kuTurkey muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni 365 mabhiriyoni emamiriyoni pagore kuburikidza nepipeline. Kuvimbisa iyi bhuku inofanira kusimbiswa mumakore 25.

Muna 1999, kambani yeItaly ENI neGazprom vakasayira memorandamu pamusoro pekubatana pamwe nekushandiswa kwegadziriro yekugadzira mapaipi emagetsi. Basa reBlue Stream rakatangwa kunopera kwegore ra1999, apo mabhizimisi aya akanyoresa kubatana kwemaBlue Stream Pipeline Company BV, iyo iye zvino inayo nzvimbo yekunze kwepipeline. Gazprom ndiye muridzi wenyika.

The Blue Stream (gas pipeline) yakavakwa muna June 2002, inenge mumwedzi 9.

Iyo pipeline yemagetsi yakatangwa muna 2003. Mari yekuvaka inofungidzirwa pa 3.2 mabhiriyoni emadhora. Panguva yegore, mabhiriyoni maviri emakiromita emhepo yeRussia gas akaendeswa kuTurkey.

The Blue Stream gas pipeline pamapu

Kana iwe uchitarisa nzvimbo yepayipi pane imwe nzvimbo yepakati, iwe unogona kugovera iyo zvikamu zvitatu:

• Overland Russian;
• Gungwa;
• Overland Turkish.

The Blue Blue map rinowanikwa pasi apa.

Chikamu cheRussia chepayipi yemhepo inopfuurira inopfuura neS Stavropol Territory kubva kuguta reIizobilny. Zvadaro zvinotevera nharaunda yeKrasnodar Territory kubva. Arhipo-Osipovka kuGungwa Dzvuku. Kureba kwepayipi iyi chikamu 373 km.

Gungwa rinotenderera kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva, kuenda kuSamsun, pamwe nechezasi kweGungwa Dzvuku. Kureba kwegungwa chikamu chemugwagwa ndiko 396 km.

Nharaunda yeTurkey yepamusoro yepaipi yeripi ndiyo chikamu chakareba kwazvo (444 km). Inopfuura kubva kuSamsun kumaodzanyemba-kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuAnkara.

Technical specifications

"Blue Stream" ipombi yemagetsi, iyo yakareba inenge 1200 km. Nzvimbo yeRussia yenzvimbo inopfuura mumakomo. Nzvimbo iri kunze kwenzvimbo yemagetsi inokonzerwa negasi inenge yakadzika anenge 2100 km.

Pasi peGungwa Dzvuku rine zvinhu zvakanyanya zvehydrogen sulphide, saka pakuvaka nzvimbo yakadaro inofungidzirwa kuva ine utsinye. Izvi zvakanyanyisa basa. Kuti kuwedzere kuvimbika kwegadziriro, simbi-inogadziriswa simbi uye kupfeka kwema polymer zvakashandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi. Yakashandiswa zvakare yaive yakajeka kuisa.

Nekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yeRussia mumakomo, matanho chaiwo akavakwa, achipfuura pasi peBezymyanny neKobyla Ranges. Iyi teknolojia yakashandiswa kwekutanga muRussia. Kureba kwemasuo ndeye 3.26 km.

Basa rinokosha mukuvaka rakapiwa kune zvakatipoteredza. Saka, somuenzaniso, parutivi rwomugwagwa wepayipi, kugadziriswa kwenyika kwakaitwa , uye masango akachengetedzwa akachengetedzwa munguva yekuvakwa kwematokari pasi pemitambo.

Operation

Gasi yezvinhu zvakatanga muna February 2003. Pasi pebvumirano, Gazprom yaifanirwa kupa 2 biliyoni cubic mamita emagetsi chaiwo kuTurkey mu 2003, uye muna 2004 - mabhiriyoni mana cubic mamita. Pakazosvika gore ra2010, ivhu rekushandisa raifanira kuwedzerwa kusvika pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwepipeline - 16 billion cubic meters.

Muzvokwadi, mabhuku ezvinyorwa zvaive zvishoma kudarika zvakarongwa:

• 2004 - 3.2 biliyoni cubic mamita;
• 2005 - mabhiriyoni mashanu cubic mamita;
• 2006 - 7.5 billion cubic meters;
• 2007 - 9.5 biliyoni cubic mamita.

Current state

Pasi purojekiti, huwandu hukuru hwepayipi huri mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri cubic mamita pagore. Iyo inotenga gesi, Turkey, inowanzokumbira mavhesi emagetsi anoenderana nekugadzirisa kukwanisa kwepayipi. Ichokwadi ndechekuti Iran haisi kuzadzikisa nguva dzose zvigwaro zvayo yekupa gesi kuTurkey. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu, musikana weRussia anosangana nebhizimisi pamwe naye uye anokonzera kushayikwa kwakatanga neRussia Gazprom. "Blue Stream" inotakura nguva yakawanda yegasi inoda muTurkey, iyo inosanganiswa nekunonoka kwegore.

Matarisiro

Panguva iyo pipeline ine matavi maviri. Zvisinei, kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi, mubvunzo wekuvakwa kwechipiri unoramba uripo. Iyo purogiramu yainzi Blue Stream-2. Pakutanga, zvaifungidzirwa kuti bazi idzva richavakwa munguva kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2015. Kunyange zvakadaro, kushandiswa kweprojekti iyi haisati yatanga, ichiri kumirira.

Yakarongwa kuti gasi reRussia chaiyo richaendeswa kuburikidza neTurkey kuIsrael uye dzimwe nyika dzeMiddle East. Iyi purogiramu yakakosha zvikuru kuRussia kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika, sezvo kugovera mafuta kunobatsira kutora nzvimbo dzepamusoro mumusika mutsva. Turkey inofarirawo kuvaka gomba remhepo, sezvo ichawana mari kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika munharaunda iyi anokanganisa kushandiswa kwechiito ichocho, sezvo Israeri haasati ava nemukana wekubvumirana pamusoro pekufambisa gasi kuburikidza nenharaunda yeSiriya neRebhanoni. Nyika yakazara mumatambudziko ezvemari, saka nhamba dzemagetsi dziri kuwira nokukurumidza. Mamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika aripo kuMiddle East anodzivisawo mamiriro acho ezvinhu.

"Blue Stream" ipombi yemagetsi, iyo inoshandiswa neyemagetsi e - hydrorotechnical. Kuvakwa kwayo kwave kwakave chinhu chitsva mumamiriro ekufambira mberi kwekambaniki. Chikamu chayo chikuru chiri paBlack Sea pasi, pakadzika anenge anenge 2 km. Basa rakadaro rakashinga rakakosha zvikuru kune hupfumi hweRussia, nokuti yakagonesa kugovera gasi rechisiko kunyika dzeMiddle East.