Unitary Hurumende - chii? Zviratidzo munhu unitary mamiriro

Unitary chimiro ehurumende - ndiyo mhando hurumende, umo nyika rakakamurwa dzakawanda dzakabatana administrative izvo havana mamiriro paruzhinji masangano. Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, nomumwe kumatunhu nyika angava vamwe mwero kuzvionera iri sarudzo. Zviratidzo munhu unitary mamiriro dzinoratidzwa mupfupi uye vagari venyika. Asi pano, pane zvagara muchimiro China, iyo, pasinei nzvimbo yakasimba uye hombe vakawanda, runoonekwa kuva unitary mamiriro. Munyika dzakadaro, pane imwe mitemo, rimwe bumbiro uye zviri pamutemo hurongwa. Yepamusoro anotonga rimwe masangano ose ari mamiriro. Panguva ino iri unitary mhedziso vazhinji akazvimirira ruzhinji masangano munyika. Pakati nyika idzi, zvinogona kucherechedzwa muUK, France, Spain, Ukraine nevamwe vazhinji. Recently isu kazhinji kunzwa taura pamusoro unitary mamiriro. Chii, tichakurukura zvizere.

Unitarity somunhu chehurumende

Tisati taongorora muudzame okuti "unitary nehurumende" pacharo, zvakakodzera kutaura huripo siyana hurumende. At paro, chimiro mamiriro ezvinhu ndiwo yaiona, miganhu uye National marongerwo enyika, iyo inoratidza ukama pakati kumatunhu, zviremera zvemo uye nechepakati hurumende midziyo, uyewo pakati rwevamwe vanhu uye marudzi vanogara mundima iyoyo.

Mukuwedzera, chimiro hurumende hurongwa hunoratidza kubva dzimwe nyaya ndiyo mamiriro, chii pamutemo kwavo uye kudyidzana kwavo nemumwe, mune ipi yokuratidza zvido National vashoma vanogara iyoyo, uyewo kuvaka sei hukama pakati nechepakati zviremera uye nemakanzuru kuzvitonga .

Asi kunyanya chehurumende pamamiriro nyika kunobva nzvimbo yomugariro nharaunda, avo National akafanana, uyewo zvinhu zvinoverengeka, pakati zviri zvoupfumi, zvemagariro, nhoroondo uye tsika.

Marudzi mamiriro ezvinhu siyana

Pari zvino pane 3 siyana siyana ehurumende miganhu hurongwa:

1. Federation. Ichi chimiro hurumende hurongwa mubatanidzwa anoverengeka kare dzinozvitonga (kana kuva wakafara kuzvionera mukati state) nyika (nharaunda) vasina kuroora pamusoro chokuzvidira hwaro. Mienzaniso inozivikanwa kwazvo munhu yeUnited maumbirwo ndivo Russian Federation (rinoumbwa nyaya 85, 22 iyo Republic, 4 zvionera maruwa uye 1 nharaunda zvionera), kuti US (50 inoti uye wandei ndima akasununguka kuyeuka), India (29 inotaura, asi Capital District, uye 6 Union Territories ) uye vamwe.

2. Confederation. Ichi chimiro mudziyo ndiwo mamiriro kushamwaridzana anoverengeka akazvimirira munyika. Zvisinei, hapana nyaya mubatanidzwa havazotadzi uchangamire kwayo, uye ane yayo muchiuto, mari uye zviri pamutemo hurongwa. Single huripo pari Confederation ndiye Switzerland (asi achangobva nayo awana zvose zviratidzo Federation). Uyewo confederations chairwo kutenda EU Union of Russia uye Belarus, asi Eurasian Union.

3. A unitary mamiriro. Chii? mubvunzo uyu mupfungwa mamiriyoni vemo, kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura pamwe kwaita kunowanzotangira separatism yose. Izvi kusaroora inotungamirwa, iyo rakakamurwa administrative zvinoriumba, chimwe nechimwe ane hapana changamire uye anoteerera nechepakati zviremera. Uyewo unitary mamiriro uye akakamurwa marudzi akawanda.

Centralized unitary nemamiriro ezvinhu

By unitary mamiriro idzodzo kwaiita zvinosanganisira nyika umo hurumende mashandiro vakatakudzwa kubva panguva yomunharaunda pamwero chete nezviremera, izvo zvave vakatenderwa uye vakatenderana nechepakati nezviremera. Muchiitiko chino, pane centralized mamiriro anogona kupa zvimwe zviremera kuzvimirira kudzika mumunda. The kupfuura unoshamisa mienzaniso ine unitary mamiriro ane centralized mudziyo - ndiye United Kingdom uye Denmark. Uyezve, zviratidzo centralization kuri kuna Africa, uko simba yeko ndohwaJehovha mhuri uye genera. Kunyange zvazvo zviri kucherechedza kuti zuva, kwakadaro anoti hadziwanzowaniki.

Decentralized Unitary State: Chii?

Nokuti decentralized inoti vaya nyika umo bumbiro romutemo rinopa kuti demarcation ari nechepakati uye nemakanzuru masimba. Izvozvo, chaizvoizvo, vanotongwa voruzhinji kunogona paupamhi chaizvo kuzvionera, uye nokudaro tine paramende, hurumende uye okutarisira ezvirevo zvaro. Zvikurukuru, ropafadzo dzakadaro dziri kumatunhu makuru kuti maimbova akazvimirira kana vane paupamhi kuzvionera mukubata zvakananga nyaya. Uyezve, nharaunda idzi kazhinji vakabatanidzwa zvakafanana wenhoroondo, zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo zvido. Nyaya decentralized mamiriro anogona kusarudza zvinoverengeka nyaya, kusanganisira zveupfumi nyaya, nyaya dzidzo, utano, runyararo uye paruzhinji utilities. Kutaura zvazviri, nyaya anova mune dzimwe nyika dzose unitary wehurumende, izvo ikashandiswa nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete isangano. Nyika ine simba decentralized chikwata zvinogona kunzi France uye Spain.

Mixed unitary mamiriro

Hwakakanyiwa unitary inoti zviratidzo zvakafanana decentralization uye nechepakati simba pamusoro matambudziko nyaya voruzhinji. Kutaura zvazviri, kune yakavhenganiswa zvinogona kunzi kunyika avo, dzimwe nzvimbo iyo vane wandei kuzvionera uye vanokwanisa tisingatungamirirwi kupedza mabasa. Muchiitiko chino, kuzvionera anogona kumisa Links nedzimwe nyika, kuti vasaine-siyana netsika, zveupfumi memorandums. The kupfuura unoshamisa mienzaniso unitary mamiriro vakavhengana mhando - uyu Italy uye Norway.

Nokuti anoti ane unitary chimiro mudziyo kunoratidzwa akawanda chinosiyanisa zvinhu.

Internal weboka unitary ehurumende masangano

Kazhinji, mumwe nyika rakakamurwa munzvimbo duku, izvo zvinozoita akakamurwa vanotongwa maduku yeko. kumatunhu zita angava akasiyana, asi zvinorehwa rakafanana munyika dzese munyika. Somuenzaniso, kunyika yaimbova Soviet Union muna nokupesana kwavo vane munzvimbo huru iyo, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa mumatunhu nemaruwa nemisha (musha yevakuru). Chikamu ichi hachisi netsaona. Regions vari akaumba vanhuwo zvido enhoroondo kare, nzvimbo yomugariro zvoupfumi. Kupesana administrative kwakadaro kunoita chehurumende kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu napo munyika.

The chikuru zviri unitary nyika

1. vanotongwa All zvematongerwo enyika vari pasi zvinoitwa rimwe remitemo. Panyaya iyi, mutemo unokosha unogona kusiyanisa pakati nechepakati hurumende uye yeko, richipa vamwe kuzvionera kuti nharaunda.

2. Common miviri ehurumende simba. Simba mutungamiri uye paramende yose mamiriro hahurambiki. Mukuwedzera, musimboti zviremera vane simba kugadza pachake mamaneja kuzvitonga mitumbi yavo pasi.

3. Kana munharaunda vamwe vemarudzi kurarama (mupfupi), zvinonzi havatenderwi kupa kwavari zvimwe kuzvionera.

4. All dzakawanda ukama dzinotungamirirwa musimboti nezviremera. The vanotongwa ehurumende haagoni kupinda kubatana dzakawanda tisingatungamirirwi. Vakabvumira zvionera pamwe chete nemamwe masangano ari tsika nemagariro mumatunhu.

5. State Actors havana mamiriro uchangamire, saka, kumatunhu havana mauto avo zvombo, akarirasa maitiro uye nezvimwe zvinhu statehood.

6. mutauro mukuru zvose kumatunhu ehurumende vakabatana.

Zvinhu kukanganisa paumbwe imwe unitary mamiriro

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika: "A unitary Hurumende: chii, sei kuumbwa?". Ngatiedzei kupindura mubvunzo uyu. A unitary mamiriro aumbwa zvichienderana zvakasiyana-siyana. Funga zvimwe vavo.

1. Kuwanda munharaunda imwe chete netsika uye dzinza kwevanhu kuti une mutauro mumwe, chitendero chimwe, kufanana kwemashoko mafungiro uye zvayo kare.

2. vakasununguka rakasikwa munhu kusaroora nokuda kwezvikonzero zvemari. States kuti vagoverane miganhu Pasina tsika zvipingamupinyi, tinogona kuuya pamwe chete unitary ezvinhu inotungamirwa. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti ichi vachiri inoda nevakawanda mari, vakawanda tsika mitero, nevakawanda pamutemo hurongwa, uyewo kubatana zvekuvaka kwaniso weboka basa.

3. External kumanikidzwa kubva kunyika yechitatu. With yezviri kupindira hurumende munyaya mamwe mamiriro shamwari, dzichiva nevakawanda miganhu uye zvakafanana nemagariro uye nhoroondo zvinhu zvinogona vakabatana kuva chete unitary mamiriro.

Zvinhu kuti itibatsire dissociation of unitary mamiriro

On wokuti: "Chii mamiriro unitary", vanhu vakawanda vachakuudza kuti izvi ndizvo nyika vakabatanidzwa dzakaitika uye tsika dzechinyakare, uye regai kutarisana kuratidzwa kusabatana munzanga. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. For unitary masangano munyika nhasi kunoratidzwa nematambudziko akawanda. Pakati kiyi inogona kusiyanisa vanonzi separatism, ndiko, nezvaidiwa imwe nharaunda iri kuziva pawaiva changamire. Funga kunokanganisa nokusabatana mukati unitary mamiriro.

1. zvakaipira kushamwaridzana nokuda kwezvikonzero zvemari. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi zvakadaro, Italy. Mumakore achangopfuura, kumatunhu enyika kuchamhembe kuti zvinoshingaira vanoti youchangamire, kunyanya sangano zvakakurumbira Venice. nharaunda idzi ndidzo levers hwenyika, uye subsidizing kuti varombo wezasi kumatunhu.

2. siyana kare, tsika uye mutauro ehurumende. Panyaya iyi, zvikuru zvinesimba muenzaniso ndiye Ukraine, chine kumatunhu kwetsika uye nhoroondo kufarira zvakasiyana. Saka, somuenzaniso, kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva kumatunhu pedyo ukama Ukraine pamwe Russia. Kumadokero kwenyika mamiriro acho ezvinhu akafanana. Somuenzaniso, Transcarpathia ane nhoroondo uye tsika vemunharaunda pamwe Hungary, Bukovina - Romania uye Galicia - pamwe Poland. Asi pasinei dzakadaro kusiyana nhoroondo netsika mashoko, Ukraine ane zvimwe munhu unitary mamiriro.

3. Low pamwero upenyu uye kusagutsikana nezvinhu chokwadi ichi paruzhinji. Muchiitiko chino, somuenzaniso, Sudan. Low mararamiro zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu kunyika kunge yakafara kuzvionera, vakasarudza kuparadzana huru mamiriro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chiri kumaodzanyemba mudunhu Sudan iri kusimbiswa 60% zvoupfumi levers. Somugumisiro, izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti enyika mepu dzenyika, mutsva mamiriro South Sudan.

4. Low enyika kuverenga chavagari runovabvumira "vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika" kuti kumatunhu kuti zvinoshingaira kutsigira pfungwa pakusika anotonga mamiriro.