Gene kwavatori

Gene - a STRUCTURAL chairema nhaka mashoko. Rinomiririra yakananga mugove mumwe morekuru reDNA (dzimwe nguva RNA). Gene kudyidzana inopa kuchinjwa zvepakutanga zviratidzo vabereki zvinenge mwana.

Mumwe Gene anosarudza chimwe chinhu, ndiro yakazvimirira nevamwe. Vanokwanisa kukurukura. Izvi zvinogoneka nemhaka yokuti hapana chokuita nhaka majini. Kana zvabatanidzwa ari genotype vanoita sezvinonzi nehurongwa. Dzinokosha ukama pakati pavo vane simba uye recessive.

Human genotype - zviuru zviratidzo (nyika), izvo zvinogona kukodzera okutodza 46 chete. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rine vakawanda majini (kanenge 30 zviuru).

Kukura imwe chepfungwa kungava nokuda pokudzora vanopfuura mumwe Gene, uye vanoverengeka izvo interconnected vakasununguka nenzira. majini kudyidzana kwakadaro inonzi polymer (zvikuru kunzwisisa). Maererano mashandiro ichi, pane nhaka ganda ruvara, bvudzi, uye mazana zvimwe zvinhu.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi nhamba majini kupa rutsigiro uye pave zvachose zvipenyu, iine-siyana kusiyaniswa masero specialized. Murume akazivisa vanenge 200 mhando masero ane mamwe dzakabatana mumitauro unyanzvi hwakasiyana chadzo uye morphological marudzi masero.

Remubatanidzwa majini ari chromosome chinorondedzerwa neshoko rokuti batira magene. All vechigaro chete boka kwakabatana majini nhaka pamwe chete munguva paumbwe gametes.

Kuwanda akasiyana mapoka majini dzisakarurama batira. Two-vakaberekwa kusakarongeka kunoratidzwa muna kuti batira haisi pasi mitemo Mendelian. Zvisinei, kwakakwana kubata iri zvisinganyanyi kuitika. Kazhinji, ari mwana kunoratidza zvose phenotypes mana.

Govera allelic uye non-allelic Gene mukukurukurirana. Alleles - Ndiwo marudzi chete Gene.

Allele - kudyidzana kuva chete peya allelic majini. Kuratidzwa mamirire akatsunga kuita kutonga ukama chete, asiwo nhamba majini vari genotype.

Alleles vanokwanisa kusika kubatana kwakadaro, sezvo kwakakwana kutonga (kana phenotype ari heterozygote zvakagadzirwa chete chete Gene) uye kukwana (the phenotype pamusoro heterozygote yakasiyana phenotype pakati homozygous hune unhu uye recessive, achitora yechipiri (zvenguva) ukoshi kwavari Kodominirovanie -. A kuita allelic majini apo heterozygotes vane phenotype zvose chigadzirwa.

Nonallelic - kwemajoini mugumisiro maviri (kana kupfuura) non-allelic magene. It kungaratidzwa muchimiro epistatic nopindirana kuti, kana kuti kunatsiridza polymer kudyidzana.

Kudyidzana nonallelic majini ingangowedzera zvakasiyana, saka kusiyanisa marudzi anoverengeka.

Nopindirana - kudyidzana vakazvimiririra Mendelian majini kupinda rimwe genotype uye kukonzera kuratidza chero chete chinokosha.

Polymer - a chirungiso mugumisiro dzinoverengeka asiri allelic majini pamusoro paumbwe imwe unhu chinokonzera chinoramba kushanduka-siyana quantifiable. Polymer ndiye tinofanira kugara uye noncumulative. Muchiitiko chokutanga, zviratidzo kutsunga nhamba hukuru alleles polymeric majini zviri genotype. Kana yechipiri, ukuru hunhu kunotemwa chete nokuvapo chikuru allele uye akazvimirira zvavo nhamba.

Epistasis - the kudzvinyirira a Gene hukuru allele imwe nonallelic rokutanga. Kana kudzvinyirira mabasa rave uye recessive alleles zviri gipostatichnom Gene recessive allele epistatic chipo mune homozygous mamiriro.

The nopindirana - Pakanzi hwapedyo panguva yakawiriranwa zviito 2-hukuru majini, izvo yo munhu havana kukonzera.

Kuchinja - The shanduko huru isiri allelic majini pazvinhu kwavari modifiers. Imwe Gene anogona kuita kunyanya rwokudzora kukura ane unhu uye modifier pachinhu kukura vamwe zvinhu.

The kukurukurirana majini nguva dzose wakacherechedza, kana majini akawanda sei paumbwe imwe mamiriro ane muviri noruzhinji.