The chitundumuseremusere simba kupfuura munyika. Ballistic chombo "Satani". Falcon Heavy

In yechipiri yezana April 2000, Russia chagamuchirwa chibvumirano yaiva Mhedziso kurambidza ose miedzo zvombo zvenyukireya. Munyika yanhasi kweHondo Yemashoko haisati hombe, uye naizvozvo pamberi inokosha zvombo vane chaiyo inodiwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, havana kusiyiwa zvachose, uye vakanga Russia ine kupfuura simba munyika-kirasi "pose-kuti-mhepo" chombo R-36M, izvo zviri West akapa zita zvinotyisa "Satani".

Description ballistic chombo

The simba kupfuura chitundumuseremusere R-36M munyika akaiswa basa muna 1975. Muna 1983 akaiswa mukati kukura ane upgraded shanduro chombo - R-36M2, yainzi "Voivod". New muenzaniso R-36M2 anonzi kupfuura simba munyika. uremu Its rinosvika matani mazana maviri, uye kunogona kuenzaniswa chete pechifananidzo Liberty. The chombo ane incredible simba rokuparadza: kushanda rimwe chombo weboka achava zvimwechetezvo sezvo mabhomba gumi nenhatu zviuru mabhomba zvakafanana avo paHiroshima. Mukuwedzera, chombo renyukireya rine simba zvikuru takagadzirira kutanga mune masekonzi shoma, kunyange pashure pamakore akawanda kuchengetedza yakaoma.

Characteristics P-36M2

Rocket R-36M2 ane dzinokwana warheads vane homing basa gumi, simba nerimwe riri 750 kt. Kuti zviite zvakajeka kuti simba simba rokuparadza zvombo izvi, unogona enzanisa pamwe bhomba paHiroshima. Kukwanisa kwaro kwakanga kilotons 13-18 chete. The Russian chombo chakasimba kupfuura ane zvakawanda 11.000 makiromita. R-36M2 - a chitundumuseremusere, unotorwa muna rangu, uye iye zvino ari Russian zvombo.

The simba kupfuura ballistic chombo

Intercontinental chombo "Satani" ane uremu matani 211. Ndezvemhuri dhaka kutanga uye ane mbiri-padanho kuvesa. Solid fuel rokutanga Danho mvura-mafuta uye - yechipiri. Akapiwa chitundumuseremusere ichi chaiyo vagadziri vakaita zvimwe kuchinja, zvichiguma chitundumuseremusere kanda uremu zvakaramba zvakadaro, vibratory mitoro dzinomuka pakutanga, ndokuramba, uye simba zvinogona kuwedzera. Ballistic chombo "Satani" ane zvinotevera kukura: kureba - 34,6 metres dhayamita - mamita 3. Iri simba chaizvo chombo, kurwisana chombo mutoro kubvira 8.8 kusvika 10 matani, mukana launcher ane zvakawanda anosvika zviuru 16 makiromita.

Ndiyo mitambo wakakwana chombo kudzivirira, umo mune vasingatungamirirwi mumwe vakazvimiririra targetable warheads uye yokubata kumeso hurongwa. "Satani" P-36M sezvo chitundumuseremusere simba kupfuura zvenyika, vachirondedzera kukirasi "pamusoro-kuti-mhepo", akanyorwa muna Guinness Book of Records. Musiki ane chombo simba M. Yangel. Chinangwa chikuru akagadzira Bureau pasi utungamiriri hwake aiva kukura siyana zvinoita zvokukandwa kuti aizokwanisa kuita nhamba mitambo uye vane simba guru rokuparadza. Kutonga nezvinooneka zvechadenga zvombo, ivo vakatsungirira basa ravo.

Sei "Satani"

Chombo hurongwa, wakasikwa vagadziri eSoviet uye akashonga Russia, "Satani" inonzi vokuAmerica. Muna 1973, panguva yokutanga bvunzo, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa razova simba kupfuura ballistic ezvinhu, ungaenzaniswa chero zvombo zvenyukireya panguva. Pashure paakasika "Satani" Soviet Union vasisa kunetseka pamusoro zvombo. Wokutanga shanduro chombo waiva wakanyorwa SS-18, mumwe dzakachinja shanduro R-36M2 "Voivod" yakazokudziridzwa chete 80s. Against ichi chombo haagoni kuita chinhu kunyange ano American chombo kudzivirira hurongwa. Muna 1991, asati pokuwa USSR, CB "Southern" rechishanu-chizvarwa chombo hurongwa racho rakagadzirirwa "Icarus" R-36M3, asi haina kugadzirirwa.

Zvino inorema rechishanu-chizvarwa zvombo vari Russia. In ichi chombo zvichaparadzwa paakapiwa kupfuura nzira itsva mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira nokubudirira. Asi unofanira kuva nguva kusvikira pakupera 2014, nekuti panguva iyoyo vachatitaka kwava kuda Kudzimwa kwechikwereti zvakawanda rakavimbika, asi yechinyakare "Gavhuna". Tactical uye michina zvinodiwa, chikwata neShumiro Defence uye akaigadzira ramangwana intercontinental ballistic zvombo, zvakaoma itsva uchaiswa muruoko basa 2018. Kusikwa chitundumuseremusere chichakurukurwa mubasa Rocket Center Makeyev muna kuChelyabinsk mudunhu. Nyanzvi vanoti itsva chombo hurongwa anokwanisa hunovimbisa kukurira chombo kudzivirira, kusanganisira nzvimbo kuvhunduka echelon.

Booster Falcon Heavy

Elon musk (Elon musk), mukuru mugadziri uye CEO pamusoro Space ubanguranyika Technologies (SpaceX), April 6 akapa Kupedza nokurondedzerwa uye kanda musi vakatumidza simba kupfuura kanda motokari Falcon Heavy munyika. Vezvenhau ichi chichava simba kupfuura nzvimbo chitundumuseremusere munyika, achitevera chete-basa mwedzi chitundumuseremusere Saturn V. The itsva kanda motokari - ari mikana zvitsva kuti hurumende uye dzokutengesa chinonyengera. Kushanda Falcon Heavy chokutanga aronga kuti 2014 uye achange chinozoiswa kubva spaceport pa Cape Canaveral.

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha mbiri-Danho chitundumuseremusere Falcon Heavy ndiye kushaya ari satellites vari muchadenga uye interplanetary chitundumusere-musere yairema matani 53. Ndizvo chaizvo svikiro anogona kumutsa muchadenga panyika anonyatsokwanisa monica liner "Boeing" pamwe rikarira mikwende, vafambi uye matangi azere mafuta. Danho rokutanga chitundumuseremusere unotora zvinogumbura matatu, imwe neimwe ine pfumbamwe Motors. Muna US Congress nharo uye zvichida kusika zvombo zvakatonyanya simba kuti achakwanisa vomurova matani 70-130 pamusoro payload. SpaceX Vamiririri kambani vakabvumirana nezvokudiwa kugadzira uye kuvaka chitundumuseremusere kuti kukwanisa kuita vakawanda rokufamba Mars aigarira kuzvidzora.

mhedziso

Kazhinji kutaura ano zvombo zvenyukireya, unogona kunzi yepamusoro zvine urongwa zvombo. Modified zvenyukireya zvivako, chidimbu chombo simba kupfuura munyika, anokwanisa kuuraya kunangwa kure zvikuru, apo chombo kudzivirira havagoni kukanganisa nzira zviitiko. Kana United States kana Russia anosarudza kushandisa zvombo ayo kwenyukireya kuti chinangwa chahwo, zvichaita kukuparadzwa nemhedziso munyika idzi, kana zvichida kunyange yose yakabudirira nyika.