Erlih Paul: mupiro sayenzi

Erlih Paul - nyika yakakurumbira musayendisiti wokuGermany uye chiremba, akakunda 1908 Nobel Prize pamusana basa rake mumunda immunology. Panguva aiva kemisiti uye youtachiona. Akava muvambi mishonga.

Paul Ehrlich: Biography

Mukomana akaberekwa March 14, 1854 mu Stshelene mumhuri, iine vanhu vatanhatu: vabereki nevana. Uyezve, aiva rugotwe uye mukomana chete. Baba Paul akanga ari mupfumi, sezvo Zvinotora distillery uye aiva coaching yevaeni. Vose vana ezero enderana zvaidiwa ezvinhu vetsika vechiJudha. Pazera mukomana akafarirawo dzinongoitika nhoroondo, uye kuti akanga vanozvininipisa mavambo pamabasa ake makuru.

The yakakurumbira Karl Veygert (hama mai vake) aigona kubatsira pave mune zvesayenzi uye kufarira wechiduku Paul. Mukomana akanga Breslau kuchikoro, pashure izvo akaramba zvidzidzo ake muzvikoro zvokurapa. Vakadzidza, Erlih Paul akawana basa pane imwe Berlin muchipatara.

Pakutanga nzira nesayenzi

zvidzidzo ake okutanga inoitwa musi vaduku masero musayendisiti ropa, staining navo mavara akasiyana uye unyanzvi. Somugumisiro kuedza ake, akawana siyana leukocytes, mwongo akaratidza kukosha kuti paumbwe ropa uye rechikepe masero aigona kuwanikwa connective tishu.

Nokuda staining Paul Ehrlich, pikicha izvo unogona kuona munyaya ino, akakwanisa kuva nzira inokosha kuziva miedzo tibhii utachiona, izvo zvikuru muitiro diagnosing chirwere pavarwere.

kunzwisisa nesayenzi

Staining masero, wechiduku musayendisiti akamboona kupfuura kuyevedza zvokurapa Kubudirira, zvakaita kuti humwe remangwana rake. Robert Koch uye Louis Pasteur - masayendisiti, kwakavakirwa mabasa ayo Erlih Paul uye akaisa mberi dzidziso yake hondo pamwe utachiona. Kuva achiri mudzidzi zivo, jaya kuverenga bhuku pamusoro vatungamirire chepfu, vakakoniwa kusiya pfungwa mukomana wacho zororo. Muchidzidzo ichi, vakati kuti, achipinda mumuviri, kutungamirira rinoungana mune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Uyezve, zviri nyore chaizvo kuratidza nemakemikari nzira.

Saka, vechiduku musayendisiti vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvinokosha kutsvaka vakadaro zvinhu, izvo zvichaita kuti vasiyana mabhakitiriya anokuvadza uye muasungire. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kurega kupinda muviri womunhu zvinokuvadza. Zvakaoma kutenda, asi kune kwemamiriro musayendisiti chakaita nyore pendi akashandisa setsikawo kuziva. Akaziva kuti kana pendi anokwanisa kuomerera zvinyama uye pakudaro kunyora kwake, saka iye achakwanisa kuisa uye kuti mabhakitiriya anokuvadza uye chozviuraya.

Dzidziso "zvemashiripiti bara"

Muna 1878, Erlih Paul akava chiremba mukuru chipatara muBerlin. Ndakakwanisa kuva nzira histological zvidzidzo zvavo. Kutanga akapendwa utachiona pamusoro girazi, uye akabva munyama zvemhuka vakaurayiwa zvirwere. Uye kamwe akatanga dhayi yebhuruu kupinda muropa mupenyu netsuro. Nokufamba kuedza musayendisiti zvakashamisa zvisingadaviriki nemigumisiro.

Blue mavara aingova uropi uye utano hwake. dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri All handishanduki ruvara rwayo. Ehrlich akasvika pamhedziso kuti kana pane pendi kuti anogona aizonyatsovachenesa chero Kunyanya mhando zvinyama, zvino pane fuma kuti anogona kuuraya imwe mhando inokuvadza tusingaoneki. Nemhaka iyi ndakacherechedza yakatanga dzidziso "zvemashiripiti bara", isu kunoreva achipinda utachiona Nhengo imwe pfuma inokwanisa kukurumidza kwazvo kuuraya zvisikwa zvose zvinokuvadza.

"Sleepy" chirwere

Erlih Paul, mupiro kuna zvidukuduku iyo kunokosha 1906 akava mukuru Institute of experimental serotherapy. Panguva iyoyo akanga aifarira "hope" chirwere auraya panguva iyoyo vakawanda Africans. Masayendisiti yakaitwa chishamiso mushonga "Atoxil" kuti kuparadza trypanosomes, asi murume akarasikirwa kuona yake. Erlih Paul akawana kuti mudziyo unotora Arsenic riri chipo muchetura.

The chikuru basa iri musayendisiti aiva nokugadzirwa yakadaro nzvimbo yaizoita kuuraya vose trypanosomes, asi haana kumbochinja dzinouraya munhu. Mazana zvinhu zvakanga vakaedza, asi tusingaoneki izvi pave kutapata, saka zvinodhaka usingakwani muchikwata. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti vakawanda mwoyo, Pauro akakwanisa kusika mushonga chirwere "hope".

venereal zvirwere

zvirwere zvakadai nezvevayaruka vanhu kwenguva refu. Munguva bacteriology, masayendisiti akawanda vakatanga kutsvaga utachiona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, uye panguva iyoyo vakakwanisa kuwana matatu. kwakawanikwa First bacillus mwandabvu, ipapo chancroid uye njovhera pakupedzisira, inova causative mumiririri Treponema pallidum.

Mushonga njovhera

Mukupera navapfumbamwe mangwanani maviri remakore uye, intravenous majekiseni vakanga vachangobva kutanga kubuda. Muzvipatara, vari anenge asina kushandiswa. Asi kuti zvose zvakachinja pashure Erlih Paul akapa mushonga kuti anogona kurapa njovhera. Kuedza kusika ikaiswa, zvaiita dzinokatyamadza. Zviya, uchishandisa kuedza dzesayenzi makemikari ake musayendisiti akaita kuitika itsva mukurapa.

Akademik zvinganaka kubata njovhera dzakadaro zvinhu izvo dzinotanga kuumbika ari oxidation pamusoro Arsenic vanoshingaira akakura. Asi zvinosuwisa, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kubvisa zvachose ayo dzinoparadza kukuvadzwa mune Muswere muzvizhinji miedzo.

Zvisingatarisirwi mureza kutenderera

Paul Ehrlich, zvidukuduku ane muumhizha rakanga, muna 1887, akava mutevedzeri wapurofesa, uye muna 1890 - purofesa yunivhesiti. Panguva iyoyowo akazoshanda Roberta Koha Institute. Muna 1888, panguva imwe murabhoritari kuedza kuti utachiona neTB. Achitora mudzimai wake nevanasikana vaviri, akaenda kuIjipiti kuti kurapwa. Asi pane kurapa imwe chirwere, akarwara cheshuga. Kana mamiriro utano kwakavandudza, kwakabva mhuri vakadzokera Berlin.

Kubvira 1891, Erlih Paul, ane mabasa zvave kutanga pfungwa kuti masayendisiti akawanda, yakawanda nguva inopedzerwa kusarudzwa mishonga zvaidikanwa kurapwa kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa tupukanana panze. Kubudirira kwake rokutanga raiva gadziriro pamusana methylene zvitema, iyo aiendeswa pakurapa mana-zuva marariya. Pashure paizvozvo, akatanga kushandisa dzimwe madhayi zhinji. Panguva mabasa aya, akanga ari wokutanga uyo akaona tusingaoneki ndichipfeka kushandiswa kusuma zvigadzirwa. immunological siyana dzakanga chigadzirirwe convalescence.

The Nobel Prize

The musayendisiti uyo kutanga zvinganaka Pfungwa kutapata - muviri anogona kuzvidzivirira pacharo pamusoro miviri majini yokumwe. Akasika dzidziso kurutivi ngetani, iyo anobatsira basa rinokosha kukura sayenzi immunology. Nokuti basa iri, pamwe chete musayendisiti yokuGermany Mechnikov akagamuchira Nobel Prize muna 1908.

Erlih Paul: mupiro sayenzi

Muna 1901, chiremba uye musayendisiti pamwe zvakawanda ruzivo rinotanga kugadzirisa nyaya kurapwa kenza. Akatanga rinokosha dzakatevedzana kuedza umo mhuka ndibatanidzwe bundu aikwanisawo kuratidza kuti nguva yokutanga kuti mhuka umo mhinduro yakawanikwa pashure kunyangarika bundu batanidza.

Unonyanya kukosha zvakawanikwa, masayendisiti akatanga kuwana asingazivikanwi sayenzi rechikepe masero, izvo basa rinokosha mune paumbwe kutapata. Uyewo Pauro akakwanisa kuratidza kuti sero rimwe ane muviri mupenyu, izvo mukapinda okurwisa zvirwere ane dzakananga receptors anokwanisa kuziva dzimwe nevamiririri. Imhaka zvakawanwa dzakadaro uye Erlih Paul akagamuchira Nobel Prize.

Ehrlich akazviratidza mumunda wekemisitiri sezvinotaurwa maitiro zvikuru mune zvokurapa. Nokuti ichi akagamuchira menduru pamusoro Liebig.

Aiva nhengo munyika makumi manomwe nzanga yesayenzi uye zvikoro. Nhasi anonzi pashure pake Institute of immunological zvigadzirwa, uyewo mumigwagwa, zvipatara, zvikoro zvedzidzo, nzanga kwesayenzi uye nheyo, mubayiro nokuda zvinowanikwa nesayenzi. Anonziwo vanomutevera Crater pamusoro Moon.

Muna 1909, Nicholas II akanga paakavapa murayiro St. Anne pane zvedzidzo uye paakavapa musoro achizivawo wepachitsuwa. Ehrlich akasiya nekuti aisagona kuramba kutenda vechiJudha.

Akanga akaroora mukadzi akapa mutengi uye mari zvinhu hwake. Paul akanga vasanyura zvachose mune zvesayenzi. Hapana chimwe haana kuteerera. Ndaigona kunyora panzvimbo ipi, kutanga pasi uye masvingo uye kupedza nemaoko interlocutors.

Scientist akafa August 20, 1915 ane apoplectic kurwiswa Homburg. Akavigwa kumakuva chechiJudha. Muna 1933, vaNazi akaparadza shongwe, asi rakanga rakadzorerwa zvakare.