Environmental matambudziko munzvimbo kweArctic mumarenje. Environmental matambudziko avo zvinokonzera

KweArctic inoremekedzwa imwe nzvimbo panguva pamatunhu latitudes, muganhu unova kweArctic Circle. On kuputsika mararamiro ari nharaunda vakambova inokanganisa rokudzora zvinhu uye mabasa evanhu. Nyaya iyi rinodonongodza dzakananga zvinetso zvemhoteredzo munzvimbo kweArctic mumarenje uye rose nedunhu, kusanganisira kweArctic Ocean pamwe mumakungwa, kumiganhu nezvitsuwa.

The zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kweArctic

Natural uye nenzvimbo zviri mudunhu chokuita nenzvimbo yayo dzakakwirira latitudes uye predominance yacho hwemvura mararamiro. Muna 1991, hurumende munyika ndima mukati kweArctic Circle, kupfeka nzira kuchengetedza nharaunda kweArctic. Pashure 5 makore, akanga nemasaini Ottawa Declaration uye makasimbiswa kweArctic Council. The chikuru zvebasa basa rayo chokuita inogona kuenderera mberi kweArctic nharaunda. Aripo UN kwezvakatipoteredza chirongwa, kureva UNEP ave akazivisa matambudziko makuru zvezvakatipoteredza:

• kusvibisa kweArctic makungwa kubudikidza zvinogadzirwa mafuta;
• kupisa, zvichiita kuti kunyunguduka polar chando nguwani;
• kuwedzera hove uye vamwe kugadzirwa zvomugungwa;
• change hwaiitwa zvipenyu zviri kweArctic;
• kuderera kwemitambo polar vanhu mhuka;
• ndichibvunza kutumirwa.

Climate Change

Map mapazi arctic yerenje zvino inogarwa munzvimbo duku pamahombekombe Groenland uye Eurasia, North America, rezvitsuwa uye zvitsuwa kweArctic Ocean. Vaongorori vanoti kuti avhareji mhepo tembiricha iri kweArctic Circle zviratidzi kuwedzera nokukurumidza kupfuura mune dzimwe nharaunda. Izvi akatotora zvakakonzera zvinoderedza munzvimbo dzakadaro, uye mune ramangwana zvinogona kunyangarika.

Okunze ari achidziya pamepu mapazi kweArctic gwenga kwose kwose nokurumbidza achinaya mvura. It zvingangoisa mungozi kutsakatika kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvinhu kasvisto uye fauna of dzakashandisa aivapo tembiricha zviratidzo. Lives ravaIndia Arctic avanhu, zvakare, iri pangozi, nekuti upenyu vemo emakore achiumbwa pedyo pamwe nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Kunyunguduka Arctic echando uye chando

Russian Hydrometeorological Service kwemakore 30 apfuura kwave kune rutapudzo echando nharaunda mumakungwa kuchamhembe. Mwero utsotso kwakawedzera munyika okupedzisira ezana XX remakore. Saizvozvowo kudzidza nguva yakaratidza zvinoderedza pakukora echando pakavha 2 nguva. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti weboka XXI remakore, azvaiitwa mberi. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo vachapiwa yakawedzera makungwa Somuenzaniso, mvura kweArctic nzvimbo zhizha vachatitaka zvinenge zvachose isina chando. Kare, ichazarurwa pamusoro perwizi bheseni kweArctic Ocean. Kuchinja huchachinja munzvimbo yakakura kure mazana kana kuti zviuru makiromita kubva kumhenderekedzo.

Kwemhepo uye mvura

Key nyaya zvemhoteredzo munzvimbo kweArctic murenje uye achinaya mvura chokuita kuchinjwa mhepo makore kubva dzakabudirira kumatunhu kuchamhembe-kumadokero Russia, Central uye Northern Europe. Pane kurasikirwa inonzi iine acid mvura - aqueous mhinduro rwesarufa uye senitrogen oxides. deposits kwakadaro kukanganisa yose kusimba mararamiro Arctic kuparadza mutete rukoko ivhu iri achinaya mvura, kukanganisa mvura basa zvipenyu anomiririrwa mune zano pazasi.

Vanonyanya kupa kusvibiswa, sembura zvezvakatipoteredza matambudziko munzvimbo kweArctic murenje - ari kuchera uye zvifambiso. Munharaunda anewo zvigadziko zvechiuto uye maindasitiri zvivako processing dzinongoitika mbishi zvinhu. Mararamiro wokuwa:

• choutsi uye effluents ose maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye paruzhinji utilities;
• kugadzirwa kwezvokudya uye kubudiswa Mahydrocarbon (mafuta uye gasi);
• inorema nesimbi uye zvimwe aiva metallurgia kugadzirwa;
• zvimwe zvine chepfu (phenol, amoniya nevamwe);
• dzakawanda Zvinosvibisa kubva kumahombekombe pezvingoro;
• tsvina zvikepe uchishanda renyukireya mafuta.

Zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu ari kweArctic

Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kuchamhembe polar nharaunda yenyika, peArctic gwenga rwokushanyira zvikurukuru, vacharamba kuchafumurwa kuti simba anthropogenic kusvibiswa. Wedzerai chitsama basa Continental pasherefu, uko dzokubudisa uye kutakurwa zviwanikwa zviri kare zvikuru kuitwa. Makumi ezviuru derricks mafuta kupomba mafuta kweArctic, maererano masangano zvemhoteredzo, ose wechipiri vavo rini leakage pamusoro mbishi zvinhu.

Environmental zvinetso kweArctic murenje wongoramba. kurasikirwa razvo

The fauna of kwechando nechando penzvimbo kweArctic Circle inomiririrwa vashoma mammalian kwemarudzi. Zvinokambaira uye amphibians munharaunda iyi hatisi. Kuwanda shiri kwemarudzi anenge 4 nguva dzakakwirira kupfuura mhuka. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nemupristi mufambo shiri, avo yomwaka akatama, kukwanisa famba pamusoro refu dzichitsvaka zvokudya. Pazvitsuwa uye egungwa, apo pane nzvimbo diki kweArctic murenje, kuti miti nemhuka zvakazonaka chinomiririrwa mhuka neshiri. Kune walruses, zvisimbiso, polar mabheya, arctic makava, lemmings. Vamiririri kupfuura yakawanda waterfowl - munhu Dhadha, Eider duck, guillemots uye auks.

Environmental zvinetso kweArctic murenje mapazi chokuita "rookeries" - kujairika mapoka shiri. Vari pachena nokuda kutumirwa kunoda kuchengetedzwa, kunyanya panguva maberekero nguva.

Nature kuchengetedza mu kweArctic Circle

Nyanzvi dzinoti kunokosha kukuvadza kusimba mararamiro kweArctic hunokonzera kundovhima. Somuenzaniso, zviri kunze kwemutemo mumvura zvemaererano Russia pagore unobereka anenge 300 polar unobereka.

Other kutyisidzira zvemhoteredzo munharaunda, rinoda ceaseless ngwariro masangano zvezvakatipoteredza:

• kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza;
• kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwevanhu;
• kuwedzera uwandu dambudziko kwetsvina;
• Climate change.

Panguva imwe chete utsotso echando nzvimbo iri shoma permafrost, pane ngozi hydrometeorological mananara pamusoro penzizi yomumwe dziva iri. Native uye mutorwa nevanhu vari kweArctic Circle kutamburawo kusvibiswa kudzivirirwa yezvakaita nharaunda. The zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kweArctic havana chete remunharaunda, asiwo yose kukosha. Muna Russian Federation kuti ndichengetedze mhuka, kudzivirira zvisikwa kusvibiswa uye kudzikisirana akasika peArctic reserves. Remasangano kwavari: Kandalaksha, Great Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.