The Environmental ezvinhu Russia. Solution zvinetso zvipenyu

The zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu munyika vatarisana nengozi. Kunyange zvazvo "mutema" masangano akawanda, mari kuchengetedza zvakasikwa uye zvaro, hurumende kunyika dzose vari kuedza kurarama migumisiro yemabasa evanhu, akanyatsosiyana kuvandudza zvinhu hazvibviri. Hanya Kushandisa zviwanikwa zvepasi, ratyama zvemari kufarira kuti makambani pakukura, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose achitungamirira yokuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza zvinhu haisi hwakavandudzika.

Environmental matambudziko munyika

In nokururama, tinoona kuti nyika pamwe dzakabudirira upfumi, kuti hwepamusoro uye anozvikudza yakakwirira pamwero kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza, ikoroji tsika. Munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope, America uye Japan vari kuedza kuderedza migumisiro Muzviitiko maoko evanhu. Panguva iyoyowo anowedzera padanho dzidzo vomuUmambo vari kuedza kuisa imba pamwero, kwemasayendisiti pave kwakachengeteka uye yakachena. Asi panguva imwe chete zvakakomba Makwanza zvinhu zvakadai munyika dzichiri kusimukira, uye kunyange zvakawanda kudaro lagging dziri nyika, pamuzambiringa kuuraya kuedza zvose kudzivirira zvimwe zvisikwa. Richizvitenda kwemiti, kusvibiswa mvura nemaindasitiri, tsvina, ndiko zvachose ratyama nemafungiro kunyika Fund iripo.

Poor kwezvakatipoteredza mugariro - izvo zvinogona kukanganisa munhu ane dambudziko. Matambudziko akadaro kusvikira rive dete ari ozone layer kusvibiswa zvomumhepo kana kunyunguduka mazitombo echando, haagoni pachena kuti munhu kuti ari kuita chikanganiso. Asi panomuka, yaivhuvhuta okunze, mvura tsvina uye yakachena yekurima, kwete kupa goho rakanaka, aigona - zvose zvakananga migumisiro maoko edu.

Ecology weRussia

Zvinosuruvarisa Russia ndowenyika pamazita nyika, zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu umo rakaipisisa. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa siyana zvinhu uye kunoratidzwa munyaya zvose. Setsika, mukuru kukuvadza zviratidzo zvinobva matambudziko ari indasitiri. nematambudziko Economic kuti wakatambudza zvose pose uye mumhuri upfumi, mumwe pashure pomumwe, pave slump mukurima. Hazvina musoro kufunga kuti zvinofanira kuderedza choutsi kuti zvinokuvadza munyika, asi nhamo, pane kunouya munhu boomerang kushanda. Kushaya kushanda guru, kumanikidza kambani kuponesa kunyange zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoitika achinyanya nokuda kubviswa pakati mazuvaano chirongwa, kugadzwa kurapwa zvivako.

Asi kwete chete munzvimbo huru mumaguta uye maindasitiri nharaunda zvinhu zviri kukonzera kunetseka zvikuru. Gogonera watemwa kuti coniferous masango, kuregeredza vachiwaridza zvirimwa, kuregeredza nezviremera zvemo uye vagari kutsamwisa kuparadzwa 20% romugove enyika munyika huni.

Kusunungurwa tsvina mvura munzizi uye nyanza, hazvizivi abudise kuti marshlands, kumahombekombe nzvimbo uye kurima dzimwe nguva vandalnaya mining - icho chokwadi kuti ariko, uye zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu Russia iri kuipa zuva nezuva panyaya iyi.

How kuongorora mamiriro chaiwo zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza?

An revatema nzira kwezvakatipoteredza kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza - kiyi imwe yakakwana mugumisiro. Kudzidza chete dzimwe nzvimbo alopecia uye kusvibiswa nyika, mvura, uye mhepo haazombofi kuunza zvakanaka mugumisiro pasi pose. Tinyatsonzwisisa zvakatipoteredza mamiriro - a chokutanga basa Hurumende. Pahwaro iri Kukoshesa urongwa inofanira kugadzirwa, yakagadzirirwa kwenguva pamwe Implementation zvirongwa zvese.

Chete chokwadi uye zvakakwana zvichiongororwa, izvo zvichaita kuitira rakazvimirira zvechokwadi nyanzvi zvemhoteredzo, anogona kupa Kunyatsoona. Haiwa, chokwadi ndechokuti kunyange masangano pasi pose kazhinji omurume matavi Makambani makuru uye kushanda pasi dhikitesheni dzavo, vachitora imwe nzvimbo, kunobatsira chindingindingi.

MuRussia, zvinhu zviri yakawedzera nemupristi kwevari uori kubudikidza paruzhinji mabasa kuti vanoshumira sezvo supervisory uye Executive mabasa. Ita chepamutemo zvisarudzo pamusoro kudzivirira zvisikwa anova nyore. Kuti aite izvi, hakuna nzira kana zvenhengo uye Chikurukuru - kuda vakuru. Chero bedzi Vakuru hakuzoitiki anonyatsovafarira pakuti nezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu Russia dzakabuda Chipangamazano chaVa, hazvingaiti pachava shanduko chaiyo.

Ministry of Natural Resources

In neimwe nyika pane zvose paruzhinji uye masangano ehurumende kuti kubata zvezvakatipoteredza mari yazvo. Ndeupi wavo vaite basa iri nani mabasa avo - kunzwisisa uye anokakavara nyaya. Zvechokwadi, muitiro wakanaka, kana munhu chikwata kwezvakatipoteredza munyika masimba mazhinji zvinhu.

The Ministry of Natural Resources uye Environmental Protection muRussia kubvira 2008. Inoshuma zvakananga Hurumende. The zvezvinotaurwa mabasa sangano hadzisi rakafara chaizvo. The Ushumiri ane mabasa maviri - zvemitemo uye kutonga. Direct mabasa kunze kuburikidza pakusikwa pamutemo kuumbwa, maererano iyo, pane kudzorwa, basa emakambani, voruzhinji zvivako, pasi chaiwo chinzvimbo (reserves, National Parks), kugadzirwa vanokwanisa mumunda kukura uye upfumi dzokubudisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, muviri ungadai kuvakwa Implementation yemirau, kutora matanho panyaya zvaipomerwa kwete. Saka, ushumiri Natural Resources uye Environment inoremekedzwa kungotarisa chinzvimbo pachinhu yakachengeteka munyika mararamiro.

Earth - kwedu zvose!

Agro-maindasitiri zvakaoma kwete mukana ndeimwe yenzvimbo zvikuru upfumi munyika. nyika Agricultural anopindura vanopfuura mamiriyoni 600 hectares. Nhamba iyi ndiyo hombe, ichi zvekuvaka upfumi hakuna imwe nyika munyika. Masimba, uyo hanya pasi zvavo aiendeswa kurima zvirimwa zvaishandiswa zvokudya uye chiedza maindasitiri, havadi kushandisa pasi tsitsi.

Musoro kushandisa fetiraiza, iri migumisiro mukutsvaka dzakakwirira Goho, zvisingachashandi michina mikuru, vakakanganisa kuvimbika ivhu, kuderera kwezvirongwa makemikari anoumba ivhu, kwete chete muminda uye minda, asiwo non-hwokurima nyika - izvi zvose zvibereko kupindira kwevanhu, ivo zvakananga anoratidza sei isu hanya kuti nyika yakatipoteredza. Pasina mubvunzo, kudyisa vanhu vakawanda kudaro, varimi vanofanira kurima ose nomunda, asi pamwe nzira uye mafungiro kune chinofanira zvikuru kugadziridzwa.

Modern nzira bhizimisi, yakavakirwa pamapurazi, munyika dzakabudirira dziri yakarongwa nenzira iyo nyika varidzi hanya "nesi" yavo, uye vari kudzokera vawane yepamusoro goho ukuwo, uye mari.

Mamiriro nemvura kupfuma

Start vaviri-zviuru zvemakore kwakaratidzwa nokuziva kuti Freshwater zvinhu munyika zviri aiparadza ezvinhu. dambudziko iri zvakatipoteredza uye zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, sezvo kusvibiswa uye kuperevedza mvura yokunwa, hwakazara kutsakatika kuchaita yevanhu kwemarudzi. Kukomba nyaya akaita zvakawanda mutoro yokusvika zvichiongororwa mvura yepamusoro. Zvisinei, simba kuedza kuunza mvura kuti kuipa zviratidzo zvokuti kure vakakundikana.

Chokwadi vakawanda vanogara vari kunyatsotaura kumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati kumatunhu. Vari dzichiitika uye chikuru mumaindasitiri vachikwanisa munyika, chikuru mwero kukura kurima. Number pakakodzera kuramba miviri mvura maindasitiri vanhu, nekusiyana, hakusi yakakwirira sezvinoita chinodikanwa. Dzvinyiriro pamusoro huripo rwizi kwakakanganisa kuti vamwe vavo zvinenge anyangarika, vamwe vane tsvina kuitira kuti avo kushandiswa ndekwokuda hazviiti.

Uvandudze kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu ikoko, asi pachirehwa miviri mvura kuti vanotorwa pasi zvachose kuzvidzora. Nhamba, izvo zvaizobatsira zvinonyatsorehwa ezvinhu nemafashamo:

• 12 chete% kubva reservoirs, maererano dzezvakatipoteredza, kuwira pasi nekaupenyu yakachena.
• Huwandu inokuvadza tsvina dzakadai mishonga yezvipembenene, inorema nesimbi, zvikuru mune dzimwe madziva nemazana nguva bvumidzwa muganhu.
• More polviny vakawanda anoshandisa mvura mudzimba zvinangwa, kwete yakakodzera yokunwa. Uyezve, vanenge 10% yevanhu yaishandiswa pakubika haisi upenyu-kupa mvura, uye muchetura. Izvi chinokurwadzai panomuka kuti chiropa, zvirwere nezvimwe zvirwere intestinal, utachiona.

Ko yatinofema?

Avharenji vanoratidza kuti magetsi kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu ari airspace kwakavandudza chimwe mumakore achangopfuura. Zvisinei, Statistics, zvakanaka chete papepa, chokwadi, kuwa choutsi chakaitika panguva kusakosha mumatunhu, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatowedzera. Gore negore, 18.000 mabhizimisi munyika emit vanopfuura mamiriyoni 24 matani zvinokuvadza.

Chinonyanya dzinonetsa kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu mumaguta akadai Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Kemerovo, Anotyisa, Arkhangelsk uye Novosibirsk. List mumaguta pamwe vanoshorwa mumhepo kumashure rinosanganisira 41 nzvimbo munyika.

Kuwedzera kune dzose akabuda magasi uye utsi, nokuda zvakawedzera nhamba motokari mumigwagwa, zvikuru basa emakambani, pane chimwe chinhu kuti kunoderedza zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro - iri netsaona zvabudiswa. Zvakaipa kumbopfeka, yechinyakare kurapwa zvivako achava chikonzero anopfuura 40% vemo vane kufema chirwere, vanenge 5% - kenza.

Urban ikoroji

Kureva, mumaguta vagari vanowanzotambura kubva mhepo yakaipa, mvura inetsvina, kushaya mishonga zvokudya akanzi "eco ushamwari". Mumaguta makuru, akadai Moscow, machinda vari kuedza kumisa urongwa kuti mabhizimisi kuumba ano kucheneswa chirimwa, modernize mapaipi hurongwa uye mvura. Zviito zvakadaro nezviremera vakakwanisa kumutsa guta gore rino kubva 68 fung nzvimbo yechi33 pakati padanho kusvibiswa mune vakawanda chepamusoro maguta munyika. Asi panguva imwe chete, nezviyero izvi hazvina kukwana. Ose muzhizha, vagari maguta makuru vanotambura smog, utsi, yakakwirira kwevari magasi ari mumhepo.

Urban ukatambararira uye yakakwirira wevasungwa zvokuwedzera mune nzvimbo duku vakatarisana Kuparadzwa zviwanikwa zviri mumaguta munzvimbo. Hadzisi kuzadzika negwaro iri simba rokuponesa uye asiri zvaidiwa mitemo dzakawanda pamusoro chibatiso maindasitiri basa, uyewo kuchera pakuenzanisa zvakasikwa. Saka zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza yeguta iri rinotyisa.

Aine muenzaniso migumisiro ine mamiriro akaipa yakajeka anogona kuwanikwa kutarira Nhamba zvirwere uduku kwemakumi emakore. A mukuru pamwero pakupona, akawana zvirwere, simba rokuzvidzivirira - Ndivo zvinetso daily.

Hongu, uye ari mukuru Vagari maguta pane zvikonzero nehanya. Ya upenyu vagari uye nevagari munzvimbo anowira pasi muchikwata che zvakatipoteredza venga, paavhareji, kuvatumwa makore 10-15.

Yakaungana, marara uye kubudiswa tsvina

kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza dambudziko tsvina haisi itsva uye pamusoro pemvura, chaizvoizvo. kuti kwetsvina muitiro zvava usashanda uye inosvitsa hurongwa Kushandurwa nyika kupinda imwe kumakuva guru. Nekuona kuti wakadaro uchizvipa chavagari uye indasitiri kubudisa dongo tarisiro ichi pedyo, Ministry of Environment asarudza kusika pakutevedzera idzva pabasa rake. Kureva sangano nzvimbo kuunganidza, kufambira uye marara ose namatongo siyana kuoresa.

All chete, kuMavirira apinda kuti nyaya iyi Mumakumi emakore apfuura. Nhamba unprocessed tsvina havasi kupfuudza 20%, asi mufananidzo uyu kanokwana kupfuura muRussia. Asi netariro urongwa utungamiri munyika richachinja uye 2020 kuchasvika zvizere marara uye kwavakazoita Implementation mu bhizimisi uye simba. Pfungwa iri basa anofara chaizvo, nokuti nyaya Kuzadziswa chinzvimbo zvirongwa tinogona kutarisira zvinhu nezvakatipoteredza zvakanaka uye mamiriro ezvinhu munyika.

Njodzi mumakore

Panguva ino, tinofanira kukohwa mibayiro uye kugutsikana nezvatinazvo. Asi chokwadi ndechokuti ano kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro pagore vasanyanya ichionekwawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana, achiratidza zvose kundoongororwa gadziriro kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.

Maererano kurovedzera, kokupedzisira vanhu Russia aifanira kukurira zvinetso zvakasiyana kumatunhu munyika. Saka, muna Sverdlovsk mudunhu, muna Zhelezyanke River, nhanho zvesimbi manganese mvura akapfuudza wokuyera 22 25,000 nguva, ukuwo! Uhu huwandu regai kupa kuna chero pfungwa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuipa. Pasinei chokwadi kuti zviremera zvemo kuita chinhu.

Kakawanda nyaya ejection peturu, panguva yayo kugadzirwa neyokufambisa mienzaniso uchiratidzawo dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Mafuta, Kweoiri pamusoro mvura, kutungamirira kurufu shiri, mhuka, kusvibiswa zvose reservoirs uye pasi. Chete zvakaitika apo tsaona yakaitika nemafuta ngarava "Nadezhda" nemhenderekedzo Sakhalin Island iri November wegore rino.

Dzezvakatipoteredza munyika vari achiyambirawo ruponeso Lake Baikal. Kuzvikudza Russia anogona nokukurumidza kuva chikamu doro. Contact rayo mvura detergents, tsvina mvura kubva sewers, chinokurwadzai kunyanya algal Anotumbuka. Chepfu vasiri chete kusvibisa mvura uye ave kukonzera kutsakatika nemamwe kasvisto uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu mugungwa.

Nzira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza

The Environmental ezvinhu Russia kunoda mangwanani kupindira. Pusa zvokuongorora, iyo yava kuita ezvinhu rizere nezvinetso zvakakomba. Nzira huru kuti zvinodiwa kuti vave chokuita zvachose zvose dzevanhu siyana.

Zvakakosha kuti muve mune mugari ose zvinokosha kwezvakatipoteredza tsika. Pashure pezvose, kunyange zvakanakisisa mitemo uye vakuru chirongwa havazokwanisi kukunda dambudziko, kana iri kwete vanhu hanya. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji zviri mubasa liquidation tsaona, wokunatswa zvikamu romumhenderekedzo yegungwa, mumapaki, pazororo nzvimbo kuti haagoni asi kufara.

Pakatanga simba-vakarongeka ruzivo zvese, kubvira dzakavanzika dzimba huru maindasitiri nemakambani - iri panzvimbo yokutanga kuti anofanira kugadziriswa mumakore anouya.

Mibvunzo pamusoro kushandisa zviwanikwa, avo dzokubudisa, kupora haagoni kusina kugadziriswa. Kusiya zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi mukana zvivepo, haufaniri kuvimba zvachose kuzvidzora kumutsidzirwa ayo rwokuzvarwa upfumi. Munhu ndiye aikudzwa nevamwe vagari puraneti, zvine musoro kuti, saka, pfungwa iyi unofanira kuva kwete chete rinodyiwa, asiwo kuti pave chinhu chinobatsira!