Domestic mutemo uye vatorwa Politika Aleksandra 3. tsananguro zviduku tafura

"Peacemaker" - akatsanangura ushe Alexander 3. zvemukati uye wokumwe mutemo rakaitirwa changamire ichi sowakajeka. Haana akagadzirira wenhaka, asi Alexander akanga vanova sezvineiwo inosuruvarisa ezvinhu. Rudo musha, radeyuschie vanhu vake, vake ani, akakwanisa kumutsa hurumende, aneta nehondo pamwe vokuTurkey, zvose mari uye mutsika. Uyu ndiwo mumwe wevatongi vashoma vakakwanisa nechokwadi kuti vanhu vayo vanogara pasina hondo, nokuti kutonga wokuRussia Empire haana vachinetsana chero States. Nyaya ino ichatsanangura kuti Kesari Alexander akanga 3. Domestic uye vatorwa mutemo tiri zvishoma kutsanangura uye ongorora.

Alexander III: accession pachigaro

Sei kuuya choushe, Alexander? Akanga asina kuberekwa mudyi wenhaka. Nhaka korona yakanga mukuru, Nicholas mukoma wake. Zvisinei, yokupedzisira kufa ari kuyaruka. Saizvozvowo, vechiduku Alexander pakarepo kutanga kugadzirira nokuti nechiremera vaigona kudzidza kubva baba vake - Emperor Alexander II.

Kazhinji, Alexander III rakagadzirirwa kwakajeka uto basa, asi urongwa havana kuzadziswa. Pakafa munin'ina wake, Tsesarevicha Nikolaya, Alexander nokukurumidza kudzidzisa mitauro yokumwe, jogirafi, uye sayenzi vamwe, zvakafanira kuti ramangwana pamambo.

Pamwe korona Nicholas Alexander anogamuchirawo uye mwenga, muchindakadzi pakati Denmark kubhabhatidzwa iyo vakagamuchira zita Mary. The nevechiduku vakanga saka vanoshamisika ne rufu Crown Prince, yakanga iri ushamwari mashoko, kuti dangwe ainzi Nicholas.

Kuti aiva mavambo ushe Alexander III? Nokuriita vaneta Russian-Turkish nyika yasakadzwa nehondo, kwakatekeshera Anti-hurumende manzwiro ose evanhu mumapoka. Yeuka kuti baba Kesari Alexander II yakanga akaurayiwa nemagandanga.

Zemskaya nezvakatongwa kuchinja

March 1, 1881 vakasvika choumambo, Alexander 3. Domestic uye vatorwa mutemo inogona inozivikanwa zvishoma sezvinotevera: kuva akatsiga uye kutsunga. Ngatikurukurei dzinokosha zvinhu.

Chokutanga, nokuti iyo akatora mambo mutsva, - the kudzvinyirira chero mhando kuparadzana. Aidavira kuti zvakanga mhosva dzakawanda kwezvirwere reRussia. Usakanganwa kuti baba vake akanga nedambudziko ugandanga, iro rakabva nokunyanyisa erudition. Alexander II aiva muchengeti dzidzo, kusiyana achitora anoverengeka Alexander III konrresheny.

Muna 1884 iye chirevo chemabasa ose mumayunivhesiti (ndiko mambo wavo vanoonekwa nemadzinza chokuzvisarudzira-mafungiro). Gwaro chakagumisa nemhando dzose pamisangano yechinangwa masangano dzidzo, matare vakarambidza mudzidzi; kuwana dzidzo yepamusorosoro yakavharwa kuti makirasi yakaderera.

Kana vakuru veko, rakachengetedzwa vanosimbiswa anotevera matanho: zemstvos vakava nokuramba wakaomerera panzira aipiwa magavhuna uye namachinda mutemo zvikuru rakaderedzwawo. Vakuru vakuru vaiva chete kubva rokumusoro strata miduku yokuruwa haabvumirwi simba uye havana kubatanidzwa sarudzo.

Paiva kuchinja nyaya ino. Vari chokuita shanduko mune zemstvos. Matare zvino omurume hurumende zvakananga, pachena pamisangano asi zvachose zvishoma, uye kuvhota wakatangwa kuti vatongi.

vanhuwo zvavo

Domestic Politika Aleksandra III vanobatwawo miduku yokuruwa. ezvinhu avo pashure yakakurumbira kuchinja zvinhu 1861 rakanga unenviable: kushaya mari nyika kutora, chikwereti, kutadza kuchengeta basa rake - izvi zvose akaita wavakakamurwa vanhu vabve maguta. Alexander III rakazoshandiswa wandei rokusarudza pakudzikamisa ezvinhu. Nokudaro, varimi zvaregererwa chikwereti, akaderedza mutero unodiwa kutenga munyika. It pave chaiwo Farmers Bank, uko vanhu vaigona kutora kubva zvikwereti kuti kurima (pauwandu hweavo vakanga pasi).

Saka, kurima munyika kachitanga, pane nzvimbo kuti dzidzira mune imwe nhungamiro: maindasitiri zvirimwa (reBaltic), bota (Ukraine), zvipfuwo (Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod nevamwe.)

uto nadzurudzo

Domestic mutemo uye vatorwa Politika Aleksandra 3 vakanga zvainanga achisimbisa autocracy munyika. Vanhu vazhinji vakabatsira ichi muchiuto kuchinja.

Usakanganwa kuti Alexander pakutanga agadzirira rechiuto basa, aiziva ichi chinhu uye kurinzwisisa. Kunyange kwake Russia haana amborwa, uto yakanaka chaizvo nesimba. Mhando dzose dzakadzivirirwa gomo nokupesana, zvikuru akapiwa zvakasikwa kuchengeterwa hondo, zvose aifamba nemabhiza uye vaifamba.

Kuti kudzidza pahwaro remauto dzakakwirira zvikoro rakavhurika kadheti Corps. Kugadzirira zviri kuitwa kwete chete kune vechiduku masoja, akadzidzisawo uye murayiro marongerwo. Kukwidziridzwa ndeyokuita ukuru chete.

Special basa rechiuto kwezvivako. Saka pane chinokosha njanji bhurigedhi, akadana nezvokudiwa kuunza vashandi avo zvigadziko.

Chimwe utsanzi - midziyo hondo. Trilinear pfuti anova chombo chikuru Kuchinja chimiro (yava yamunenge varwi).

national okuchinja

Domestic mutemo uye vatorwa Politika Aleksandra 3 akasimbisa uye zvakafanira kuti vanachandagwinyira yenyika nzvimbo. Pfungwa yokuti Russian Empire ndiyo chete Russian, akauya chete kubva mumuromo Alexander III. zvisarudzo zvakawanda enyika dzakavakirwa chaiyo iri pfungwa iyi.

Emperor anotora matanho chakakomba kusimbisa kutenda Orthodox. Zvikurukuru munhau iyi akaneta muganhu kumatunhu. Rinotanga zvinoshingaira kuvakwa Orthodox. At hurumende pamwero vari kutanga kumanikidza vagari asiri Orthodox kutenda uye non-Russian vemarudzi. Most "kuwana" Poles uye vaJudha. Basa riri Russification kuitwa muUkraine uye kuBaltic States.

The maitiro zvemari uye indasitiri

Domestic mutemo uye vatorwa Politika Aleksandra 3, kunobva zviri izvo mambo vakagamuchira nyika. Akanga ari guru zvoupfumi kuderera. Saka, mumwe mukuru mabasa kuti zvinoda kugadziriswa chaiva kuunza nyika kubva zvoupfumi. Kuti izvi zvidaro, shanduko mune zvemari uye mumaindasitiri kwemauto kukwezva akanakisisa inofananidza yacho ichikosha.

Saka, Bunge zvinganaka ubvise yokuvhota, pachinzvimbo akakumbira kubhadhara excise basa iri doro, fodya, shuga nemafuta. Mukuwedzera, anowedzera mutero unodiwa iri pfuma akadai panyika, mumaguta Real Estate. Kuti kuderedza bhajeti dhefisiti yakawedzera tsika mabasa.

Kana indasitiri, zviri ichikura nokukurumidza. Zvikurukuru kubudirira simbi, Whitehead Textile uye michina kugadzirwa. Yatova dzichiri nzira itsva oiri. Saka, maererano chakarurama ichi, Russia anobuda pamusoro.

Muchidimbu zvinoratidza kuchinja zvinoitwa, Alexander 3. External uye dzimwe policies (ona Table):

zvemumba negwaro

Panyaya yokumwe mutemo, hazvisi pasina mambo akadana "Peacemaker" - nenzira dzose akachengeta nyika yake kubva kurwisana kwemauto. Uyewo mwoyo dzimwe nyika kuti zviito zvakadaro.

In rokubata kwake ushe, Russian Empire akatamira pedyo Great Britain uye France, asi muBalkans, nzvimbo yaro haina simba.

Pavanotaurirana tichitarisa tsika nomukadzi Germany kwakawedzera mamiriro ezveupfumi.

Saka, epamba mutemo uye vatorwa Politika Aleksandra 3 vakabatsira zvoupfumi, nyika uye mumaindasitiri ikure nyika.