Dombo Rezvisikwa MuNyika: Pamusoro peZvizivikanwa zveDosits uye Nzira Dzokuwedzera

Dombo rechisiko nderimwe yekutanga kuvaka nekugadzirisa zvinhu izvo munhu akatanga kushandisa kuronga nzvimbo yakapoteredza. Pasinei nemakore mazana emakore-kare, dombo rechisiki harisi kurashikirwa naro: kufarira kwaro hakurevi nenguva, nyika, mafashoni. Mazuva ano, kana zvinhu zvekugadzirira zviri kuedza kutora zvinhu zvose zvakapoteredza, kuda kwechigadzirwa chezvisikwa kwakasimba kudarika kare.

Dombo rakagadzirika - chibereko chemazana emakore ekushanda kwezvakasikwa. Iko nzira yematombo yakasikwa nemasikirwo yakasiyana. Panyika yose, haugoni kuwana zvidimbu zviviri zvakafanana zvegranite, solid marble, aristocratic onyx. Kubva mukati mezvinhu zvemukati zvakagadzirwa nematombo echisikigo, ingave chifananidzo chemarble kana chiedza cheonikisi, uta hwaine kuvimbika kwakasimba, kuvimba, runyararo, uye naizvozvo ivo vanozivikanwa zvikuru.

Nezvokuchengetwa kwebwe rechisikwa

Nhasi mutungamiri asingafungi mubasa rekugadzirwa kwematombo eItaly. Vapfumi vakapiwa nyika ino vakawanikwa mazana emakore akapfuura, zvinoenderana, tsika dzekugadziriswa kwebwe pano dzinokudzwa kusvika pakukwana. Iyo hutemberi dzakanaka dzeumambo hweRoma, dzakagadzirwa nematombo echisikigo, hazvina kupona rumwe rudzi rwevanhu, dzakagara mumazana emakore.

Zvakavanzika zvehutano hwekugadziriswa kwematombo muItaly zvakapfuudzwa kubva kuna sekuru kusvika kuna baba, kubva kuna baba kuenda kumwanakomana. Hazvishamisi kuti imwe yemapurogiramu echiItaly anozivikanwa anoti: "Mutauro wega wega anonzwa sebwe."

Hazvisi zvekuti nyika iyi inofungidzirwa sorudzi rwe "maraka marombo": chete iyo granite, travertine kana onyx inoshandiswa muItaly, inopa mabwe awa chiitiko chakakosha, inokonzera kuvimba kusingagumi. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei zvikamu zvinopfuura hafu yebwe rega rega rakabviswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi rinoendeswa kuItaly kunoshandiswa.

Muzvizhinji zvakakura, granite, marble, travertine, onyx inosvika, uye mhizha inoshanda zvakaoma pamamiriyoni ose ezvinyorwa, ichiita mabasa chaiwo oumhizha. Vatengesi, vanogutsikana nemugumisiro, vanodada kutaura kuti ibwe rakagadzirwa muItaly.

Nhasi, teknolojia yekuItaly nemidziyo zvakapararira pasi rose: zvinoshandiswa muPakistan, Brazil, China, India.

Zvechokwadi, zvakasiyana nematombo zvinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika. Semuenzaniso, granite - iyo yakasimba yezvinhu zvakasikwa, iyo inoshandiswa zvakashandiswa nevasungiri venyika yose - inotungidzwa muBulgaria, Portugal, Brazil, Spain. Garai izvi zvinoshamisa zvinogonawo kuNorth, South America, Australia.

MuMongolia, India, Uruguay, unogona kuwana onyx yakaisvonaka neyepakutanga mitambo yekushamisa kunoshamisa. Kunyanya kuipa kwakapiwa ane onyx Minas Gerais, weBrazilian state.

Travertine - dombo rechisiki remavara anoshambidzika nesimba rinopisa - rinogona kuwanikwa muPamukkale, ruzivo rweTurkey, uye Stuttgart, guta reGermany.

Kana iri marble, inopararira kune dzimwe nyika yose: Uzbekistan, Georgia, Greece, Italy, USA, Cuba, neRussia. Nenzira, iRussia marble iyo inozivikanwa pasi rese nekuda kwemavara ake akaisvonaka, anodarika.

Pane tarisiro yemigodhi yemarble muRussia

Muenzaniso unoshamisa wekusimudzirwa kwetsika dzekuvakwa kubva kumarombo emaruva muRussia ndiyo Marble Palace, iri muSt. Petersburg, - chivako chinoshamisa chekuvakwa uye nhoroondo.

Ikoshi yakakosha iUral yakafanana-marranular marble yemhando dzenyanga dzenzou, iyo inodhindwa muKoelga deposit. Marble anokudzwa emakamuri eKikik-Kordonsky uye Perhinsky anokosheswawo pasi rese. Irkutsk dunhu rakakurumbira pamaruva aro matsvuku.

Pasinei nokuti marble zvigadzirwa muRussia zvakapfuma zvikuru uye zvakakura, kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, marble munyika yedu yakafambiswa mune zviduku zvishoma. Chikonzero chikuru chekushandisa mari yakadaro yematombo munyika yedu ndiyo yakanyanya kudhura yematombo emigodhi. Semuenzaniso, zvakaoma kuswedera pfuma yakawanda ye marble paKola Peninsula uye kuSouth Yakutia - hazvina kutenga kutenga mutauro weItaly marble.

Zvisinei, teknoloji dzemazuva ano dzinobvumira kugovera mamiriro ezvinhu akakwana ekubudiswa kwemarble, uye nhasi marble marble inoshandiswa pane imwe nheyo chaiyo inobva kune dzimwe nyika.

Granite - ibwe rakakudza nyika

Granite, iyo inotungidzirwa muRussia, inogona kuzvirumbidza kwete chete ruvara rusiri, ruzivo rwemarble.

Saka, somuenzaniso, muNorth West kumadokero kweRussia unogona kuwana granite-rapakivi yakasiyana, inopesana mumumvuri wepiniki. MuUals and Transbaikalia, vakawana granite mazonite, iyo iri mumaruva ayo, bluish-ruvara uye ruvara, yakafanana neamaradhi. Munharaunda yeLeningrad, muRepublic of Karelia, granite yakatsvuka uye yeropa inobva kuKola Peninsula. Dombo rakatsvuka uye rakatema, iro rinogona kuwanikwa mumakamuri eSkkshinsky, rakakunda mukurumbira wenyika, nokuti rakagadzirwa kamwechete zviyeuchidzo zvitatu zvenhoroondo yepasi rose: ndiro sarcophagus yaNapoleon Bonaparte (France, Paris), chivako chaNicholas I (Russia, St. Petersburg), guva Hazvizivikanwi musoja (Russia, Moscow).

Nezvakanakisisa zvakatarisana nezvinhu - travertine uye onyx

Yaiva munyika yedu kuti ibwe rinoshamisa rakawanikwa, rakasiyana kwete chete mumabasa aro akanaka (simba, frost resistance), asiwo nekunaka kwayo, marble onyx. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyoro-nyoro zvinoshamisa: zvinoratidzika kuti zvisikwa zvakashandiswa chete pastel palette, kuveza ibwe iri. Ratidza mavara eonikisi zvakasiyana-siyana: kubva pamasikisi kusvika kune endarama, kubva pakusvibirira kwakasvibirira kusvika kunopenya, kubva pazhizha kusvika kumber.

MuRussia, mavharo emabwe aya anoshamisa haasi akawandisa: onyx inogona kuwanikwa muPrmorye, Kolyma, Chukotka.

Kana iri travertine, iyo yakatarisa kutarisana uye ibwe rokuvaka, iyo inomirira chiratidzo cheCaucasus. Iyo travertine inogadzirwa muPyatigorsk inozivikanwawo. Kubva pamazuva ekare, dombo iri rakange rakashongedzwa nezvivako zveguta revanhu uye dzimba. Iwe unogona kuwana travertine muKamchatka, muruwa rweGatchina rweLeningrad Region.

Dombo rechisiki rinobviswa sei?

Nhasi pane nzira nhatu dzekubvisa dombo rechisikiro:

Blasting method. Muhukuru hwematombo, gomba rinoputika, umo mabhuni akaiswa. Munguva yekuputika, matombo ematombo akavhuniwa. Nzira huru ye drawback yeyi nzira ndeyekuwandisa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinokanganisa: dongo rinowanzosvika kune chetatu chekugadzirwa kwakakosha. Kubatsirwa kwemuitiro kunosanganisira zvakanyanya kudhura mari;

Air cushion method . Mune rimwe dombo, gomba rinoputika, panzvimbo yekuputika, "mutezo" mukuru unoiswa ipapo, iyo inopedzisira ichiputirwa nemhepo. Nokudaro, kuputika kunowanikwa, asi kuwedzerera, nekuda kwekuti chikamu chakawanda chezvinhu zvacho chinoramba chakasimba, hapana mahwendefa mumatombo. Zvisinei, pano zvakare pane zvikanganiso: hazvibviri kunyatsofanotaura kuti zvipi zvingakanganisa kuputika uye munzvimbo iyo pachava nekuputsika;

- Stonecutter nzira. Iko-mucheki-mutsara inokosha yemichina yezvigadzirwa, izvo nhasi kunyanya kushandiswa kwematombo kunoitwa. Iko-mucheki-dombo anovhiringidza chimiro chezvinyorwa, anokubvumira kunyatsofanotaura chigumisiro chezviito zvevanhu. Uye chinonyanya kukosha, nekubatsirwa kwegwekwe-dombo rinokosha rekushandisa rekushandisa rinoshandiswa risina tsvina uye sechinhu chakanaka sezvinobvira. Kana zviri zvekukanganisa, kukanganisa chete kweiyo nzira ndiyo yakadhura mari. Kugadzira uye kushandisa mabwekwe vebwe hazvisi nyore kutambira.

Zvinyorwa zvemangwana

Kusvika iye zvino, nzvimbo yekubudiswa kwebwe rechisikigo, kushandiswa kwayo kuri kukura nokukurumidza. Kunyatsotarisirwa kunopiwa kune chokwadi chokuti zvisikwa zvebwe rechisikigo panyika hazvina kupera. Mazuva ano nzira dzekubviswa kwegranite, onyx, marble dziri kuwedzera uye dzakakwana, kuchinja kune unyanzvi hutsika huri kuitwa, mari yezvigadzirwa zvemigodhi inoderedzwa, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanisike kukudziridza iri shizha. Ndicho chikonzero chezvinhu zvakadai sebwe rechisikigo, remangwana.