Dhizha rakakura rematanda: tsanangudzo, nzvimbo, mifananidzo

Hapana musango unogona kuita pasina shiri iyi. Kurira uye rhythmic mheremhere yemapuranga anoputika inonzwika kumativi ose enharaunda, kunyanya mukati megore. Kana iwe wakatarisisa pamiti, iwe unogona kuzviona. Iyo shiri haisi yeinyara uye dzimwe nguva inobhururuka "kuita runyanga" muminda, pamiti pasi pehwindo kana teregraph matanda. Iyo inoshamisa zvikuru uye yakajeka, hazvigone kuikanganisa nemumwe munhu. Asi pano marudzi ehuniki haagoni kusiyaniswa pakutanga kokuona. Kunyanya kushandiswa munyika yedu ndeyeiyo huru variegated woodpecker. Ngatigarei pamusoro payo zvakadzama.

Musoro wemapuranga wakakura: tsanangudzo

Ichokwadi kuti shiri iyi inowanzooma kuvhiringidza nomumwe munhu inokonzerwa zvikurukuru nekuratidzwa kwayo uye nzira yekubudisa zvokudya. Rimwe guru variegated woodpecker muchiyero kazhinji rinofananidzwa nemapurusi, inenge yakafanana. Kureba kwomuviri wake kunowirirana pahuwandu kubva pa22 kusvika ku27 masentimita, vakadzi, sekutonga, vashoma kupfuura varume. Kuremera kweshiri duku - 60-100 gramu chete. Imwe motley yakawanda yemiti yakagamuchira zita rakadaro, sezvo ine ruvara rwakanyatsojeka, rwakasiyana-siyana rwemafupa mumasikati nemachena uye tsvuku (uye dzimwe nguva pink) podhvoste.

Mukadzi kubva kumukadzi anogona kusiyaniswa nemuvara we nape. Vose vaduku vane chifukidzo chekundu pamisoro yavo, nezera iro rinopera. Tsvuku tsvuku pamusana wemusoro inoramba iri mumurume chete. Musoro wepamusoro unova mutema. Matama eshiri, huma, dumbu rakachena, zvichienderana nenzvimbo, mumvuri wavo unobva pakuchenesa uye wakachena kuveki kana kuti mutsvuku. Imwe motley yakakura ine mapapiro akanaka kwazvo, inosvika hafu yemamita (42-47 masentimita). Zvakakoshawo kuziva chimiro chemuswe. Iyo yakanatswa (yakagadzikana nemakumbo), ehurefu urefu; Zvakanyanya zvakaoma, nokuti inobata basa rekutsigirwa apo shiri inofamba ichikomberedza muti. Chimiro chepa paw, chinowanzoenderana nehuni, chinonzi zigodactile, kureva kuti, minwe miviri yepamberi inopesana neminwe miviri yakashure. Ivhareji inotarisirwa kurarama kwemhuka inenge makore 9.

Vakakura variegated woodpecker: habitat

Iyi ndiyo shiri yakakurumbira, ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana-kubva kuCanary Islands kusvika Kamchatka neJapan. Kazhinji kazhinji, shiri dzinotungamirira hupenyu hwehupenyu, kazhinji-kufamba-famba. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kukonzerwa nenharaunda dzisingabvumi kubva pakuona kwezvokudya zvefodya, saka shiri dzinomanikidzwa kuti dziite miganhu (invasions) kunzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Imwe motley yemapuranga (chinyorwa chinogona kuonekwa munyaya yacho) inonyadzisa zvikuru kune nzvimbo yekugara uye inotanga midzi pose pose apo miti inokura - kubva pamasango emasiga kusvika kumapaki emaguta. Zvinoshamisika kuti kusarudzwa hakungogumiri kune nyika iyo shiri dzinorarama, asi kunyange kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Saka, muSiberia uye muUrials, mucheki anochera masango uye akavhenganiswa, asi ane mahedheni akawanda, uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika inofarira kumisa masango, masango eFruce.

Chii chinokonzerwa nemiti inopisa muzhizha?

Vakawanda vachiri kuyeuka kubva kuchikoro pamusoro pezvinoti masango anorongeka. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhumhi uye mutanda. Iyo shiri inofarira kugara mumasango, uko kune miti yakare uye yakaora. Woodpeckers vane zvokudya zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvo zvakanyanya mukati mazvo zvezvirimwa kana zvekudya zvezvipfuwo zvinoenderana nemwaka. Zvakakosha kuti varume nevakadzi vanozviwanira zvokudya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mumasango akasiyana. Zvokudya zvekupedzisira-zhizha zvinosanganisira kunyanya kwezvipembenene nemaruva avo. Chokutanga uye chakakosha, izvi ndezvechokwadi, zvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira izvo zvinodya pahuni, pamwe chete nemakumbo avo: barbel, bark chigamba, stag beetles, weevils, ladybugs, zlatki. Imwe motley yakakura yemotley inoita 130 kurova paminiti nemuromo wayo. Uyu isimba rine simba rakakwana, kwete imwe bhugoni kana mhondi ichaenda isingaoneki. Uyezve, kudya kwechinyorwa kunosanganisira mapuruguru, kusanganisira shaggy, mavhiri, mafivha, masvosve. A big variegated woodpecker haazvidzi uye inouraya, kana mukana wakadaro unowira kunze. Yakawanikwawo kuti pane dzimwe nguva shiri idzi dzinoparadza zvisikwa zviduku zvimhanzi.

Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa nehuni dzinodya mumazamu nechando?

Mumwaka wechando-munguva yechando, zvinomera, zvokudya zveprotini-pfuma zvinowedzera . Inosanganisira mbeu yemukirini miti, acorns, nuts. Chinofarira ndiyo nzira yekubudisa mbeu kubva kumakoni. Izvo zvinowanikwa kune vose vane miti, asi izvi zvinounza kusvika pakukwana. Pakutanga, huni hunokonzera mutsara, ndokuuisa mumuromo waro kune imwe nzvimbo yakasarudzwa - iyo, iyo, chaizvoizvo, inenge yakagadzika kana slot mumucheto wepamusoro wemuti wemuti. Iyo shiri ine simba rayo yose inorova muromo pamakona, uye inopedza kudya - ichikanda zvikero, ichibvisa mbeu. Imwe huru ye variegated woodpecker inogona kuva neanosvika makumi mashanu akadai, asi inowanzoshandisa maviri kana matatu. Saka, pamagumo echando, gomo rose remakona uye zviyero zvinogona kuunganidza pasi pemiti imwechete.

Iko nguva yekuberekera inowanikwa kupi kune miti?

Nokuti shiri idzi dzinozivikanwa nemurume mumwe chete. Vanopedza kukura pabonde nekuguma kwegore rokutanga rehupenyu hwavo. Zvakakosha kuti vakaroorana vanogona kugara pamwe chete mushure mekuguma kwemwaka wekusimudza kusvikira gore rinotevera. Zvimwe vanofa vari voga uye vanozvipira vari voga, asi gore rakatevera vanobatana zvakare.

Maitiro e shiri panguva yekusangana anoshamisa zvikuru. Zviratidzo zvayo zvekutanga zvinoonekwa pakupera kwaFebruary - kutanga kwaMarch uye zvinoramba zvichiwedzera kusvikira pakati pegore rokutanga romwedzi. Shiri dzinotanga kusarudza vaviri. Vanhurume vanoita mhere-mhere zvikuru, vachidanidzira nenzwi guru uye vachidanidzira. Vakadzi vanopindura kwavari, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Panenge pakati peMay, apo mapoka maviri atojekeswa, kuvaka matendere kunotanga.

Nesting of woodpeckers

Muti umo mune chivako chiripo unosarudza murume. Inofanira kunge isina kuora, asi nehuni dzakatetepa (somuenzaniso, aspen kana alder, zvishoma nezvishoma oak kana birch, larch).

Imwe motley yemuti (chinyorwa pamusoro), inogara mumasango akaoma, inofarira kuita mutsva wegore negore. Kana nzvimbo yekugara kwayo iine dense conifers, ipapo shiri inodzokera kune yakare. Icho chidziro, sekutonga, chiri panzvimbo yakakwirira kusvika pamasere masere uye ine yakadzika inenge 25-35 cm, uye yakaenzana anenge 10. Kuvaka kunonyanya kuitwa nehurume, uye mukadzi chete pane dzimwe nguva anotsiva, inotora kusvika mavhiki maviri. Woodpeckers vanoisa mazai mukati mechitsime, kumativi ekupedzisira kwaApril. Mune mazamu pane kubva ma5 kusvika ku7 mazai mavara machena, akajeka. Vabereki vose vanobatanidzwa mumubatanidzwa, asi usiku chete mukomana. Mhou dzichibvarura dzakashama, dzisingabatsiri uye dzisina mapofu kwemazuva 10-12.

Small and large motley woodpecker: kusiyana

• Maererano nehuwandu hwemafuro. Mune mhando shomanana, boka rechitenderera remasema padama harina kusvika kune occiput uye rinoparadzaniswa nenzvimbo tsvuku. Mukuwedzera, haina piniki kana kuti tsvuku podhvostya. Asi pamusoro wekikikiki chiduku pane hove - tsvuku ine mutsara mutema mumarume nechena muvakadzi.
• Imwe motley yakawanda yematokisi uye chiduku chiduku chinokonzerwa nematanda chinopesana nemhando yemanzwi akabudiswa. Rudzi rwekutanga rwepfuti rakapfupika uye runopera anenge 0.6 seconds, rinosanganisira 12-13 kurohwa, asi hazvibviri kukwanisa kusiyanisa, sezvo vachibatana mune rimwe runyararo ruchiramba. Mukuwedzera, inokurumidza kuratidzira kutaura kwayo, inotanga kurira, asi inokurumidza kunya. Imwe motley yakawanda yemotley inokonzera kukanda 130 paminiti, chikamu chayo chinonzwika pane dzimwe nguva chiri kure kusvika kusvika makiromita imwe nehafu. Mharidzo inogadzirwa nechecheki yemapuranga yakafanana nezwi rwiyo rwembira, ivo vanowedzera. Uye chikamu chacho, zvakare, chakareba, asi kwete sekunyorera sepakutanga kwemarudzi, chinopedza chikamu chemasekondi mashanu.
• Small variegated woodpecker yakawanda zvishoma paukuru , kureba kwayo inenge 14-15 masentimita.
• Zvinopesana pane zvavanoda pakusarudza nzvimbo. Small variegated woodpecker inosarudza miti yakasanganiswa uye yakasanganiswa, mahombekombe emasango, maruva. Anoedza kudzivisa mhepo yakasviba.

Muiti wehuni ane vavengi here?

Zvinotaridzika kuti shiri yakadaro haigoni kuva vavengi, nokuti, ine simba rakasimba, anogona kuzvimirira nyore nyore. Asi, chokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana. Dhiyabhorosi pamusoro pokurwiswa kwemasango emhuka dzinodya nyama, kunyange zvazvo dzichidiki, asi dzichiri. Muzhinji, ivo vari pangozi nema sparrowhawks, goshawks, uye mumapani aripo peregrine falcon.

Nezvisikwa zvinokonzerwa nenyika, marten nemermine zvakakosha kucherechedza. Kunyange matendere ematanda, ayo, angaita sokuti, akavanzwa uye akadzivirirwa, dzimwe nguva anoparadzwa nezvikwereti, dormouse uye manheru matsvuku (rudzi rwevarume). Zvinowanzoitika kuti miti yemapuranga iri kuomeswa kubva kune dzimwe nyeredzi nenyeredzi.

Iko kukwanisa kwehuni kumiti kune zvakatipoteredza

Zviri pachena kuti mhuka dzose neshiri zvine humwe humwe hunhu hwakasimuka semugumisiro wekugadzirisa kune zvinhu zvekunze kwenyika. Kwete chimwe chinhu uye motokari huru yemotley. Zvikamu zvekugadziriswa kunzvimbo inowanikwa pasi apa.

• Mitsetse yakaoma pamasara anobatsira kuti nyore nyore kubatisisa chitanda chemuti kana pamatavi mashoma.
• Muswe wakasimba wemafomu akafanana nemagetsi unodzivirira kupfugama pasi pasi; Zvakanyanya kukodzera kukwira miti kupfuura kubhururuka.
• Muromo wakareba wakasimba unobatsira kuputsa nepakati pemuti wemiti uye kuita mapango ekugadzira dendere mukati mawo, uyewo kuwana zvokudya.
• Rurimi rurefu, rune simba uye runonamatira runobatsira kuwana zvipembenene kubva munzvimbo dzisingasvikiki.